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Principle of Steam Engine - Test

Steam engines operate on the first law of thermodynamics, which states that heat and work are mutually convertible and energy cannot be created or destroyed. Key components of a steam engine include the frame, cylinder, piston, and various valves, which facilitate the movement of steam to drive the piston. The working principle involves superheated steam entering the cylinder, causing the piston to move back and forth, thereby completing the cycle of operation.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views2 pages

Principle of Steam Engine - Test

Steam engines operate on the first law of thermodynamics, which states that heat and work are mutually convertible and energy cannot be created or destroyed. Key components of a steam engine include the frame, cylinder, piston, and various valves, which facilitate the movement of steam to drive the piston. The working principle involves superheated steam entering the cylinder, causing the piston to move back and forth, thereby completing the cycle of operation.

Uploaded by

vishwagara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Principles of Steam Engine

In steam engines, the steam is utilised as the working substance. Those


engines operate on the principle of the first law of thermodynamics,
i.e., heat and work are mutually convertible.
There are three laws of thermodynamics:

 Zeroth law of thermodynamics


 First law of thermodynamics
 Second law of thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics

 It states that” the heat and work are mutually convertible”.


it is the law of conservation of energy.
 i.e, energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can
convert into another form of energy.
 If a thermodynamic system is operating in a closed cycle,
then the heat transfer is directly proportional to the work
transfer.
 Mathematically according to this law, we have

Second Law of Thermodynamics

This law states.

” There is a definite limit to the amount of mechanical energy, which


can be obtained from a given quantity of heat energy.”

All the parts of a steam engine may be broadly divided into two groups
i.e., stationary parts and moving parts. although a steam engine
consists of many parts, both stationary and moving, yet

The following are important parts of a steam engine:

1. Frame
Principles of Steam Engine
2. Cylinder
3. Steam Chest
4. D-Slide Valve
5. Inlet and Exhaust Parts
6. Piston
7. Piston Rod
8. Cross-head
9. Connecting Rod
10. Crankshaft
11. Eccentric
12. Eccentric Rod and Valve Rod
13. Flywheel
14. Governor

Working Principle

1. Working principle of a single cylinder double acting horizontal


reciprocating steam engine:
2. The principal parts of a single-cylinder, double-acting horizontal
reciprocating steam engine are shown in the figure.
3. The superheated steam at high pressure (about 20 atmospheres)
from the boiler is led into the steam chest. After that, the steam
makes its way into the cylinder through any of the ports ‘a’ or ‘b’
depending upon the position of the D-slide valve.
4. When port ‘a’ is open, the steam rushes to the left side of the
piston and forces it to the right. At this stage, the slide valve
covers the exhaust port and the other steam port as shown in the
figure. Since the pressure of steam is greater on the left side than
that on the right side, the piston moves to the right.
5. When the piston reaches near the end of the cylinder, it closes
the steam port ‘a’ and exhaust port. The port ‘b’ is now open, and
the steam passes to the right side of the piston.
6. This forces the piston to the left and at the same time the exhaust
steam goes out through the exhaust pipe, and thus completes the
cycle of operation. The same process is repeated in other cycles
of operation, and as such the engine works.

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