Abstract
This project presents a mobile-controlled smart
vehicle that can be operated wirelessly using a
smartphone. The aim is to demonstrate wireless
robotic control using Bluetooth technology. The
system uses Arduino Uno as the main controller,
L298N as the motor driver, and HC-05 Bluetooth
module for wireless communication. Through a
mobile app, the user can send commands to control
the direction and speed of the vehicle. The project
not only enhances technical skills but also offers a
base for automation and IoT applications. It is
suitable for beginners in robotics and can be
enhanced with more features in the future.
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Components Used
4. Block Diagram
5. Circuit Diagram
6. Working Principle
7. Construction
8. Programming
9. Mobile App Control
10. Applications
11. Advantages
12. Disadvantages
13. Future Scope
14. Conclusion
15. References
Introduction
In today’s modern world, automation and smart
control are essential aspects of innovation.
This project is a demonstration of a mobile-
controlled smart vehicle, which uses Bluetooth
technology to wirelessly control movement.
It integrates electronics, embedded programming,
and wireless communication to make an
interactive prototype.
The primary purpose is to show how smartphones
can be used as a remote to operate a vehicle using
basic components like Arduino, HC-05, and a
motor driver.
This project helps in understanding embedded
systems and their real-life applications.
Objectives
To design and build a wireless smart vehicle
controlled by a smartphone.
To implement Bluetooth technology using the
HC-05 module.
To develop an understanding of how Arduino
Uno interacts with external modules.
To allow forward, backward, left, right, and
stop motion using mobile commands.
To enhance learning in automation, robotics,
and embedded systems.
Components Used
➢Arduino Uno: The brain of the system,
responsible for processing inputs and
controlling outputs.
➢L298N Motor Driver: A dual H-bridge
motor driver module that controls the speed
and direction of motors.
➢HC-05 Bluetooth Module: A wireless
module that allows Bluetooth
communication between smartphone and
Arduino.
➢DC Motors: Used to drive the vehicle in
different directions.
➢Wheels: Attached to the motors for motion.
➢Caster Wheel: Provides balance and smooth
rotation.
➢Battery (9V/12V): Powers the entire
system.
➢Chassis: The vehicle body on which all
components are mounted.
➢Connecting Wires & Jumper Wires: Used
for electrical connections.
Block Diagram
Smartphone → (Bluetooth signal) → HC-05
Module → Arduino Uno → L298N Motor
Driver → DC Motors → Vehicle Movement
Components arrangement
Working Principle
The working of the mobile-controlled smart
vehicle is simple yet effective.
The smartphone sends a specific character
(like ‘F’, ‘B’, ‘L’, ‘R’, ‘S’) through a
Bluetooth terminal app. The HC-05 module
receives the signal and transfers it to the
Arduino Uno.
The Arduino is programmed to recognize
each character and accordingly send HIGH
or LOW signals to the motor driver module.
The L298N motor driver drives the DC
motors in the desired direction (forward,
backward, left, or right) or stops the vehicle
based on the command received.
Construction
1. A plastic or metal chassis is selected as the
base of the vehicle.
2. Two DC motors with wheels are fixed on
either side of the chassis.
3. A caster wheel is fixed on the front or rear to
balance the movement.
4. The Arduino Uno, L298N motor driver, and
HC-05 Bluetooth module are mounted on the
chassis.
5. All components are interconnected using
jumper wires.
6. The 9V or 12V battery is fixed to provide
power to the system.
7. The entire assembly is compact and tested for
proper connections.
8. The vehicle is now ready to be controlled
using a mobile phone.
Programming
The Arduino code is written in C/C++ using the
Arduino IDE. The basic structure includes
setup and loop functions. The setup function
initializes the pins and Bluetooth serial
communication. The loop function
continuously checks for Bluetooth data and
drives motors based on the received command.
This code expects Bluetooth commands like:
• F for Forward
• B for Backward
• L for Left
• R for Right
• S for Stop
You can send these characters using any Bluetooth
Terminal App on your mobile.
Mobile App Control
The mobile app used to control the vehicle can be
any Bluetooth terminal app or a custom-made
Android app.
• The app must be paired with the HC-05
module.
• When commands like F, B, L, R, and S are
pressed on the app, they are sent via
Bluetooth.
• The Arduino processes the command and
moves the vehicle accordingly.
Popular apps:
• Bluetooth Terminal HC-05
• Arduino Bluetooth Controller
• MIT App Inventor-based custom apps
Applications
Robotics and embedded systems training.
Smart farming or agriculture tools.
Surveillance and remote monitoring systems.
Automated warehouse delivery bots.
Rescue robots for unreachable areas.
Educational demonstrations and hobby projects.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages:
➢Wireless control through mobile.
➢Simple and cost-effective design.
➢Compact and portable.
➢Easily upgradeable with sensors and camera.
➢Promotes hands-on learning.
Disadvantages:
➢Limited Bluetooth range (10–15 meters).
➢No obstacle detection or safety features.
➢Battery dependent.
➢Cannot be used for heavy loads.
Future Scope
Integration of ultrasonic sensors for obstacle
avoidance.
Use of Wi-Fi or IoT modules for longer-range
control.
Adding GPS for vehicle tracking.
Use of solar panels for sustainable power.
Creating a full-fledged autonomous vehicle
using AI and sensors.
Conclusion
This project demonstrates how a mobile-controlled
smart vehicle can be developed using basic
electronic components and embedded
programming. It is a successful model that
highlights wireless communication using Bluetooth
and motor control through Arduino. The vehicle
responds accurately to directional commands and is
suitable for beginners and intermediate learners in
robotics and automation. With future
improvements, this system can be upgraded for
real-time smart applications like surveillance,
rescue operations, or IoT-based automation.
References
• Datasheet of HC-05 Bluetooth Module
• L298N Motor Driver Module Documentation
• YouTube Channels: Techiesms, Robojax,
Programming Knowledge
• Electronicsforu.com
• TutorialsPoint and Instructables
