Unit 5 : Numerical Problems
1) A
manager claims that a new software tool has increased the average number of tasks
completed per day to more than 45 tasks. A sample of 10 employees using the new tool
shows the following task completion counts per day:
44, 46, 47, 45, 48, 49, 46, 44, 47, 48. Test the manager’s claim at the 5% significance
level.
2) A
random sample of 10 boys had the following I.Q. 's 70, 120, 110, 101, 88, 83, 95, 98,
107, 100. Do these data support the assumption of a population mean I.Q. of 100? Find
the reasonable range in which most of the mean I.Q. values of samples of 10 boys lie.
3) A
random sample of 16 values from a normal population showed a mean of 41.5 inches
and the sum of squares of deviations from this mean equal to 135 square inches. Show
that the assumption of a mean of 43.5 inches for the population is not reasonable. Obtain
95 and 99 percent confidence intervals for the same.
4) A
college administrator is studying the effectiveness of two teaching methods: online and
traditional classroom instruction. A random sample of 15 students who attended the
online course scored an average of 78 marks with a standard deviation of 5. Another
sample of 13 students from the traditional classroom scored an average of 74 marks with
a standard deviation of 6.
Assuming the samples are independent and approximately normally distributed:
(a) At the 5% level of significance, test whether there is a significant difference in the
average test scores between the two teaching methods.
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in population means.
5) A
transportation researcher wants to compare the average daily commute time of
individuals using two different modes of transport: bus and metro. A sample of 30
commuters using buses showed an average commute time of 45 minutes with a standard
deviation of 8 minutes. A sample of 28 commuters using the metro showed an average
commute time of 40 minutes with a standard deviation of 6 minutes. Assuming normal
distribution and independent samples:
(a) At the 1% level of significance, test whether the average commute times differ
significantly between bus and metro commuters.
(b) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the true difference in mean commute time
between the two transport modes.
6) A
company launches a new advertisement campaign and wants to test if it leads to higher
average sales compared to the old campaign. A sample of 25 stores using the new
advertisement had an average weekly sale of ₹52,000 with a standard deviation of
₹4,500. A sample of 30 stores using the old advertisement had an average weekly sale of
₹49,500 with a standard deviation of ₹5,000.
Assuming sales are normally distributed and samples are independent:
(a) At the 5% level of significance, test whether the new advertisement leads to
higher average sales than the old one.
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true difference in average weekly
sales between the two advertisements.
7) A
certain stimulus administered to each of the 12 patients resulted in the following
increase of blood pressure: 5, 2, 8, -1, 3, 0, -2, 1, 5, 0, 4, 6
Can it be concluded that the stimulus will, in general. be accompanied by an
increase in blood pressure?
8) A
psychological study was conducted to investigate whether living in a minority home
environment affects individuals’ social attitudes. Thirty sets of identical twins were
selected for the study. In each pair, one twin was randomly assigned to live with an
African American family (minority environment) for one year, while the other twin
remained in their original home environment. At the end of the year, both twins
completed an attitudinal survey. The scores from the survey are provided below:
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Home 65 67 75 77 69 65 73 78 70 72
inorit 83
M 75 72 76 78 80 72 81 70 78
y
ID 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Home 73 79 68 73 71 68 73 72 67 75
inorit 77
M 71 87 70 75 75 79 79 69 73
y
ID 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Home 78 74 75 66 72 72 78 69 66 73
inorit 77
M 77 81 74 83 74 72 78 78 77
y
est, at the 0.025 significance level, whether living in a minority environment results in higher
T
attitudinal scores than living in the home environment. Assume the differences are approximately
normally distributed.
9) A
sports scientist wants to evaluate whether a new training program improves the
maximum vertical jump height (in inches) of college basketball players.
A simple random sample of 20 college basketball players is selected. Each player's
vertical jump height is measured before starting the training program. After completing
one month of training, the vertical jump height is measured again for each player.
The vertical jump data (in inches) collected before and after the training program are
provided below.
Player Max vertical jump before training Max vertical jump after training
Player 1 22 24
Player 2 20 22
Player 3 19 19
Player 4 24 22
Player 5 25 28
Player 6 25 26
Player 7 28 28
Player 8 22 24
Player 9 30 30
Player 10 27 29
Player 11 24 25
Player 12 18 20
Player 13 16 17
Player 14 19 18
Player 15 19 18
Player 16 28 28
Player 17 24 26
Player 18 25 27
Player 19 25 27
Player 20 23 24
( a) At the 0.05 significance level, perform a paired t-test to determine whether the
training program leads to a statistically significant increase in vertical jump height.
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true mean difference in vertical jump
height before and after the training program.
10)It is believed that the precision(as measured by variance) of an instrument is no more
than 0.16. Write down the null and alternative hypothesis for testing this belief. Carry out
the test at 1% level given 11 measurements of the same subject on the instrument:
2.5, 2.3, 2.4, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.5, 2.6, 2.6, 2.7, 2.5.
11)The standard deviation of exam scores in the math department of a local college is 8.6. A
professor believes this value to be less. He samples 20 exam scores and finds that the
standard deviation is 6.9. Does this sample provide enough evidence to suggest that the
true standard deviation is less than 8.6?
12)A pharmaceutical company claims the variance in potency of a drug is 0.04. A sample of
18 batches yields a sample standard deviation of 0.25.
(a) Test at 5% significance level whether the variance in potency differs from the claim.
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the variance.
13)In one sample of 8 observations the sum of the square of deviations of the sample values
from the sample mean was 84.4 and in the other sample of 10 observations it was 102.6.
Test whether this difference is significant at 5% level
14)Pumpkins were grown under two experimental conditions. Two random samples of 11
and 9 pumpkins show the sample standard deviations of their weights as 0.8 and 0.5
respectively. Assuming that the weight distributions are normal, test the hypothesis that
the true variances are equal, against the alternative that they are not, at the 5% level.
Also construct the 95% confidence interval for the ratio of the population variances of
pumpkin weights under the two experimental conditions.
15)Two random samples gave the following results:
Sample Size Sample mean Sum of squares of deviations from the mean
1 10 15 90
2 12 14 108
Test whether the samples come from the same normal population.
16)The following figures show the distribution of digits in number chosen at random from a
telephone directory:
Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Frequency:1026, 1107, 997, 966, 1075, 933, 1107, 972, 964, 853
Test whether the digits may be taken to occur equally frequently in the directory.
17)The theory predicts the proportion of beans in four groups A, B, C and D should be
9:3:3:1. In an experiment among 1600 beans, the numbers in the four groups were 882,
313, 287, 118. Does the experiment result support the theory ?
18)A survey of 320 families with 5 children each revealed the following distribution:
No. of boys: 5 4 3 2 1 0
No. of girls: 0 1 2 3 4 5
No. of families: 14 56 110 88 40 12
Is this consistent with the hypothesis that male and female births are equally probable?
