1Q1: What is safety?

The condition of being safe freedom from risk, hazard, damages or loss of
property is call safety. (Shortly, safety is look, think and done)
What is safety officer’s duty and responsibility?
Safety officer/supervisor should use knowledge and skill to identify hazards and
reduce injuries, accident and implement safety policy on the construction site.
What is the responsibility of safety supervisor?
Coordination with HSE Coordinator and HSE Manager regarding HSE matters.
Conduct daily site inspection and weekly HSE Audit.
Conduct daily/ weekly toolbox meetings.
Advise manager on HSE issues.
Investigate Workplace Accidents.
Request for PPEs and other safety items for sites.
Issues safety violation letters.
Follow up the maintenance of proper housekeeping of the site.
Conduct inspection of fire extinguishers and maintain their record.
How safety officer or supervisor protect or safe the workers?
Safety can educate the people about the concern activity and advise construction
supervisor for any concern or safety issue.
What is safety audit?
Safety auditing is a core safety management activity, providing a mean of
identifying potential problems before they have an impact on safety.
Why safety audit is important?
A safety audit identifies different levels of risk in each work area of an
organization and provides a safe workplace for everyone.
What is safety policy?
Safety policy is a written and endorsed commitment by company management to
its employees regarding their health and safety.it is a legal and social obligation of
the company to provide a safe and healthy working environment to its employees
and the surrounding community.
What is MCP?
MCP stand for Manual Call Point and used to initiate an alarm signal in order to
inform the concern team during fire emergency.

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Types of MCP
1. BGU 3. Push 4. PULL
In fire safety what is the purpose of monthly inspection?
To ensure the escape routs and equipment are available.
To ensure that emergency equipment are clearly visible and accessible.
Q2: What is confined space?
Ans: Confined space is a limited opening for entry and exit and is not intended for
continuous human occupancy.
Hazards: Atmospheric hazards and Physical (Health) hazards
Atmospheric hazards: toxic gases, flammable gases, deficiency of oxygen and
enrichment of oxygen.
Physical hazards: poor ventilation and Illumination, electrocution, suffocation,
falling of materials, dust, noise, slipping, tripping etc.
Requirements:
i. Document Package: Marking drawing, rescue plane, Loto certificate/checklist,
confined space entry permit, gas testing record by authorize gas tester,
ii. Physical Package: isolation, purging, cleaning, drying, communication system,
standby man with entry log sheet, proper ventilation, proper Illumination, proper
access and egress, barricade and signages, CS emergency equipments.
Confined space package
1.Marked P & I D
2.Blind list
3.Ventilation plan
4.Rescue plan
5.Electrical layout
6.Approved JSA
7.Approved Risk Assessment

What is rescue plane?

Rescue plane is a pre planned strategy or procedure, designed to safely retrieve
someone in case of any emergency.
This rescue plan is intended to reduce risks to an employee's health after a fall
arrest event. The rescue plan should also minimize the amount of at-risk behavior
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of the rescuer during the rescue attempt, and help to ensure that the rescue is
conducted promptly in a safe and professional manner.
What are Confined space emergency rescue equipments?
SCBA, Harness, First aid kit, Stretcher, Tripod, Vehicle, (crane).
What is SCBA and where it is used?
Self-contained breathing apparatus is used to protect users against oxygen
deficiency, dust, gases and vapors at plants, aboard vessels, at fire and in tunnels.
What is the number one cause of confined space death?
Hydrogen sulfide poisoning and deficiency of oxygen.
Q11: What is chemical?
Chemical may be in the form of solid, liquid or gases, it must be taken into
account when it is going to be stored or used.
What is SDS?
SDS is a written document contains all information about products or chemicals
that are classified as hazardous substances or dangerous goods.
16 sections of SDS
1. Product and company identification
2. Hazard identification
3. compo/information on ingredients
4. First aid measure
5. Fire fighting measures
6. Accidental release measures
7. Handling and storage
8. Exposure control / personal protection
9. Physical and chemical properties
10. Stability and reactivity
11. Toxicological information
12. Ecological information
13. Disposal consideration
14. Transport information
15. Regulatory information
16. Other information
Chemical storage area requirements:
1- Label stored chemical according to the types of chemical.
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2- Eliminate ignition sources such as open flames, heat sources or
direct sunlight
3- Keep SDS for chemical in the store
3- Keep the store and access point clear from any obstruction
4- Keep storage area well lit and well ventilated
5- Keep emergency equipments such as fire extinguishers etc
6- PPE should be available for handling chemical
What are flammable gases?
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), Hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetylene, propylene,
methane, propane, ammonia etc.
What are Toxic gases?
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide
What are non flammable gases?
Argon (ar), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (02), Helium (He), Neon
(Ne), Xenon(xe)
What is LEL of gas?
LEL: lower explosion limit, the lowest concentration of a gas or vapor in air
capable of producing a flash of fire in the presence of an ignition source (arc,
flame, heat). Concentration lower than LEL are “too lean” to burn. Also called
lower flammable limit.
What is UEL of gas?
UEL: upper explosion limit. The highest concentration of a gas or vapor in air
capable of producing a flash of fire in the presence of an ignition source (arc,
flame, heat). Concentration higher than UEL is too rich to burn. Also called upper
flammable limit.
What is TLV (Threshold Limit Value)?
The concentration to which it is believed that a person can be exposed
continuously for short period of time without suffering from irritation
What is TWA?
Time weighted average (TWA) concentrate of the contaminant in air over the
normal work shift of 8 hours to which worker can be exposed without respiratory
protection.
What is STEL

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Short term exposure limit (STEL) the maximum concentration of chemical to
which workers can be exposed continuously up to 15 minutes without danger to
health.
What is IDLH?
Immediate dangerous to life and health (IDLH) an atmosphere that poses an
immediate threat to life
What is the duty and responsibility of a Hole watch/ standby man?
Hole watch is train person who is appointed outside the confined space, he must
know about activity, numbers of workers inside CS, related hazards and
precautions and closely monitor the workers inside the confined space.
What is the difference between corrosive and toxic chemical?
Toxic chemical can be poisonous and causes health effect, while corrosive
substance can attack suddenly and chemically destroy exposed body tissues.
Some common corrosives: include hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonium
hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. Corrosives can also damage or even destroy
metal.
Some common toxic: hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, chlorine and sodium
LEL and UEL of some gases.
Name of gas LEL UEL
Hydrogen sulfide (H2s) 4 44
Carbon monoxide(Co) 12.5 74
Acetylene 2.5 100
Ammonia 15 28
Hydrogen 4 75
Allen 1.5 11.5
Benzene 1.3 7.9
Gasoline 1.2 7.1
Butane 1.8 8.4
Acetone 2.6 13
Compress Gases are classified as:
1. Oxidizer
2. Inert gases
3.Flammable gases

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1. Oxidizer: oxidizer are not flammable by them self, but will contribute to
combustion as an oxidant. Fat or oil is not acceptable in combination with
oxidizers.
Some common oxidizers:
Air, Chlorine, Fluorine, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Oxygen etc.
2. Inert gases: inert gases are not take part in combustion processes and they do
not react with other materials.
Inert gas supplied to a room or limited space will reduce the amount of oxygen
and limit a combustion process of a fire. Inert gases are used in extinguisher
system where it is important to avoid water damage, room with electronic
devices etc.
Some Inert Gases:
Argon, Corbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Helium, Neon, Xenon etc.
3. Flammabl Gases: flammable gases together with air or oxygen in the right
concentration burns or explodes if ignited.
Some Flammabl Gases:
Acetylene, Ammonia, Arsin, Bhutan, Corbon Monoxide, Methanol, Ethylene,
Hydrogen, Propane, Propylene, Methyl chloride, Ethyl chloride, Isobutan, Silane,
Cyclopropane etc.
What is NFPA and Diamond safety?

The National Fire Prevention Association (NFPA) developed a rating system to

identify and rank the hazards of a material.

The blue section in the label appearing Health Hazard Information.

The red section appearing Flammability Hazard Information.

The yellow section appearing Reactivity or instability Hazard Information.
The white section appearing Special Hazard Information.
The number from 0 to 4 shows the rate of hazard, the higher number, the higher
hazard, as follows:
Blue section:
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0-No hazard
1-Can cause irritation if not treated
2-Can cause injury. Requires prompt treatment
3-Can cause serious injury despite medical treatment
4-Can cause death or major injury despite medical treatment
Red section:
0-Will not burn
1-Ignites after considerable pre-heating
2-Ignites if moderately heated
3-Can be ignited at all normal temperatures
4-Very flammable gases or volatile flammable liquids
Yellow section:
0-Normally stable. Not reactive with water
1-Normally stable Unstable at high temperature and pressure. Reacts with water
2-Normally unstable but will not detonate
3-Can detonate or explodes, but requires strong initiating force or heating under
confinement.
4-Readily detonates or explodes
White section:
W -Denotes the material is water reactive
OX-Denotes an oxidizing agent

What is chemical chronic hazard?

It is usually caused by regular exposure to a harmful substance over a long period
of time.

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What is purging?
The process to remove the toxic and flammable gases by nitrogen gas from
confined space is called Purging.
Q3: What is crane lifting and what do you know about crane?
Crane is a heavy machinery or equipment mainly used for lifting heavy things and
transferring them from one place to another.
Hazards: hydraulic failure, mechanical failure, toppling, falling of materials,
instability, crane can stuck, crane can over tip, close to power line, untrained
operator or rigger.
Requirements: work permit, lifting certificate, lifting plane, check list, crane TUV,
qualified operator and rigger, ground stability, proper grounding, all tools and
equipments should be inspected and free from defection.
What is LMI?
LMI (load moment indicator) is a safety device that measures and monitors the
weight of an object and angle of the crane's boom.
What is RCL and what does it stand for?
Rated Capacity Limiter (RCL) – Measures the weight of the lifted load and
compares it against the maximum rated load for the current boom angle and
boom length.
What is ASLI in crane?
Automatic Safe Load Indicator (ASLI) is a device which is installed on mobile or
portal cranes to alert the operator if the lift is exceeding the safe operating range
of the machinery.
What is Anti two block:
Anti two blocks is a crane safety device used to prevent the overhaul ball from
contacting the boom sheaves when the load is being pulled up.
What is crane Jib?
Crane jib is a projecting Aram of a crane and its purpose to extend the reach of
boom.
What is anemometer?
Anemometer is a device used for measuring wind speed, and is a common
weather station instrument.
What is grounding?

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The main purpose of grounding is to provide alternative path for dangerous
current to flow.
What is lifting plane?
Lifting plane is a document calculating all factors which effects lift. It has details
such as size and weight of object to be lifted, which crane is using, where the
crane position is where the object will be lifted from and where it will be fitted to.
What are the types of lifting slings?
There are three main types of lifting slings. Chain slings, wire rope slings and
polyester slings.
What is manual Lifting or handling?
MHOR: (Manual Handling Operation Regulation) any transporting of a load,
lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling or carrying by hand or body force is
called manual handling.
What is JSA?
It stands for job safety analysis and a written document used to break down the
job into steps describe the job, its hazards and precaution into each step.
4 Steps of JSA.
i - Choose the job to analyze.
ii- Break down the job into steps.
iii-Determine the hazard and risk present in the job.
iv-Identify preventive control and residual risk.
What is a work method statement (WMS)? Work method statement is a written
document submitted by contractor to client, cover the general work procedure of
a particular job in a safe manner as per require standard.
Q4: What is excavation?
The act of removing soil, sand or rocky materials by digging breaking or use of
machinery either at the surface or underground is called excavation.
Hazards: Accumulation of water, underground utilities, cave – in, collapse, falling
of materials or person, toxic or flammable gases.
Requirements:
Work permit, excavation certificate, JSA, check list, trained workers, sign boards
and proper supervision.
When the act of digging the earth is considered excavation?
When it exceed 10 cm (100mm).
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What is the safe procedure for excavation?
Shoring, slopping and benching is the safe procedure for excavation when the
excavation is not more than 20 feet deep.
Note: Class C soil can not be benched because it may be crumble to step on.
Type of soil:
Class A: Cohesive soil with compressive strength of 1.5 TSF or greater.
Slope angle [530] depth ratio ¾:1
Class B: Cohesive soil with compressive strength of 0.5 to 1.5 TSF.
Slope angle [450] depth ratio 1:1
Class C: unstable, compressive strength of 0.5 TSF or below.
Slope angle [340] depth ratio 1.5:1
Stable rock: these are solid mineral matters. That can be excavated at an angle of
900.
What is trench?
When the depth of an excavation is more than its width is called trench.
(But the width should not be more than 15 feet)
How far the spoil materials should be placed from the edge of the excavation?
The spoil materials should be 2 feet or equal to the depth of excavation away
from the edge of the excavation.
When excavation protective system (shoring, benching and slopping) is needed?
When the depth of an excavation is 5 feet or greater up to 20 feet.
When an access point should be given for an excavated area?
When the depth is more than 4 feet for get in and out from in every 25 feet/7.5m
What is the standard of shoring, benching and slopping system?
This protective system will be applied when the excavation depth is not more
than 20 feet. More than 20 feet deep excavation needs a register and professional
engineering system.
Q5: What is scaffolding?
Scaffolding is a temporary elevated platform which is used for the people to
perform their activities at height above the ground level.
Component of scaffolding:
(1).Sole board (2). Base plate (3). Standard (4). Ledger (runner) (5). Transom
(barrier) (6). Base lift (Kickers lift) (7). Top rail (8). Mid rail (9). Plank (board) (10).
Toe board (11). Joint box (12). Screw jack (13). Plate form (14). Drop bar (15).
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Right angle (Double Coupler) 90 degree (16). Single clamp (17). Adjustable
(swivel) coupler (18). End to End (Sleeve) coupler (19). Reveal pin (20). Caster
(21). Bracing, longitudinal brace, zig zig (cross) bracing, plane brace (22). False
upright s, (23). Ladder, (24). Tube, (25). Ladder
Types of scaffolding.
1-Independent scaffold
2-Hanging Scaffold
3-Cantilever scaffolding
4-Mobile scaffold
5-Bracket scaffold
Load capacity for different scaffold duty.
1-Maximum load for Light duty 120kg per square meter
2-Maximum load for medium duty 240kg per square meter
3-Heavy duty scaffold capacity 375kg
Scaffold tag system.
Red tag: nobody can use scaffold when there is red tag except certified scaffold.
Yellow tag: everybody can use scaffold when there is yellow tag but with proper
fall protection.
Green tag: we can use scaffold when there is green tag whether we have full
body harness or not.
What is Node point of scaffold?
The intersection point of a post and runner is called Node point.
Distance between edge of excavation and scaffold Base?
Scaffolding base must be1.5 times away from the edge of excavation.
Q6: What is work at height?
When we work more than 1.8 meter at height above the ground level is consider
work at height.
Fall protection five steps
1-Plan for work at height.
2-Design out fall hazards
3-Focus on specific training of fall protection.
4-Ensure adequate supervision at the work site
5-Ensure the proper use of fall protection system
What is anchorage/ anchor point?
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It is a holding point use for attachment of personal fall arrest equipment. It must
be designed and install under the supervision of a qualified person.
Hazards of work at height:
Falling from height, slipping, tripping, improper access, improper working
platform and improper guardrails.
Requirement for work at height:
Work permit, proper access, proper guardrail, proper working platform, full body
harness must be used maintained 100% tie off, train workers for work at height,
below area should be barricaded, sign board should be posted.
What is total fall distance from anchor point to the ground?
Total fall distance from anchorage to the ground is 5.5 meters.
Length of lanyard + harness stretch + declaration distance + worker height +
margin of safety. (6 ft + 1 ft + 4 ft + 5 ft + 2 ft = 18 ft)
What is the difference between Fall prevention and Fall protection?
Fall prevention: refers to a system to prevent or eliminate the fall hazards
Fall protection: refers to equipment used to mitigate or limit the effect of fall
from height.
Full body harness weight capacity
Capacity 2359 kg and SWL of full body harness is 60-140 kg
Q7: What is hot work?
The activity or work that produces an ignition sours or explosion hazards is called
hot work, such as welding, grinding, cutting and bracing.
Hazards: Fire, Explosion, burn.
Requirements: hot work permit, fire watchman, Fire extinguisher, water hose
proper PPEs, fire blanket, the area should be clear from flammable materials,
proper barricading etc.
What is fire?
A process in which fuel and other chemical is ignited and combine with oxygen
given off light heat or flam. OR
Fire is the chain reaction of three things, Fuel, Heat and Oxygen.
Types of Fire: Classification of fire.
Class A: solid such as paper, wood, plastic etc
Class B: flammable liquid such as paraffin, petrol, oil, grease etc.
Class C: flammable gases such as propane, butane, methane etc.
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Class D: Metals such as aluminum, sodium, magnesium, titanium, potassium etc.
Class E: Fire involving electrical apparatus.
Class F: Cooking oil & FAT etc.
Different fire extinguishers are used for different types of fire.
Water fire extinguisher is used for class A fire.
Foam is used for class A and B fire.
Dry powder is used for class A, B, C, D and Electrical fire
CO2 is used for class B and electrical fire
Wet chemical is used for class A and F
How to use fire extinguisher?
To use fire extinguisher we should follow PASS formula.
PASS- Pull Aim Squeeze Swipe.
How to control the fire?
There are three way to control the fire
1. Starvation: it meant to remove fuel
2. Cooling: it means to remove the heat
3. Smothering: it means to remove the oxygen
What is Flash back arrestor?
Flashback arrestor is a gas safety device its purpose to stop the flame or reverse
flow of gas. (It prevents the user and equipment from damage or explosions.)
What is check valve?
Check valves allow gas flow in one direction only.
What is Hot Tapping?
The process of adding nozzle or valve to a line or equipment without removing
contained material in live line is called Hot Tapping. OR
Hot tapping is the last option when it is not possible to isolate the process line at
any cost.
What is Heatstroke?
Heatstroke occurs when the body is no longer able to regulate the temperature
and it keeps rising. It can shock brain damage, organ failure and even death.
Symptoms of Heatstroke:
Tiredness, Headache, confusion, muscle cramped, vomiting,
First aid for Heat exhaustion:
Move victim to a cool/shaded area. Reduce the body temperature by fanning or
by wrapping with wet cloths. Give water & electrolyte drink for quick hydration.
Inform supervisor/Clinic
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Q8: What is risk assessment?
Risk assessment is a process or method to estimate the rate of risk of an activity
by classifying an actual and potential consequence.
What is risk?
Risk is a function of severity of possible harm.
Five steps of risk assessment.
1- Identify the hazard.
2- Identify who might be harm and how.
3- Evaluate the risk and decide on precautions.
4- Record the significant findings and implement them.
5- Review the risk assessment and update if necessary.
What is the risk analysis?
Risk analyses are techniques that identify and assess factors that jeopardize the
success or achievement of a project.
What is residual risk?
Residual risk is the amount of risk that remains after all the risk have been
calculated and accounted.
What is hazard?
Something that has the potential to cause harm is called hazard.
6 types of hazards
i. Physical Hazard
ii. Psychological Hazard
iii. Chemical Hazard
iv. Ergonomic Hazard
v. Biological Hazard
vi. Accidental Hazard
What is the deffirence between risk assessment and JSA?
JSA is used for certain or particular job in which all the hazards have been
suggested and recommended and prepare before start the work, while in RA risk
matrix is used to calculate all the level of risk and decide whether further control
measures are required or not.
Q9: What is the deference between unsafe act and unsafe condition?
Unsafe act:

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Unsafe act is the action of the person which is possible to increase the risk of
accident, for example improper use of PPE, Use of tools for other than their
intended purpose. Working in hazardous locations without adequate protection
or warning, Horse playing.
Unsafe Condition:
A work place condition that causes to increase the risk of accident is called unsafe
condition. For example Defective tools, improper working platform, inadequate
supports or guards, inadequate warning systems, fire and explosion hazards, Poor
housekeeping, Poor ventilation. Accumulation of water etc.
Q10: What is accident?
Accident is an unwanted and unexpected event that causes undesirable
consequences like major injury, fire, damages of property or loss to environment.
Types of accident: Fatality, LTI, RWC, first aid, near miss.
What is LTI?
LTI (Lost Time Injury) is an injury sustained by an employee that leads to loss of
productive work in the form of delays.
What is incident?
Incident is an unplanned event that doesn’t result in personal injury but may
result in property damage.
Example: a bank robbery, Argument between celebrities.
What is near miss?
Near miss is an event that dose not result in injury, illness or damages but has the
potential to do so.
What is injury?
A harmful condition sustained by the body as a result of an accident.
What is health?
The condition of being well in body, mind or spirit especially freedom from
physical disease or pain.
What is environment?
The surrounding or condition in which a person, animal or plant lives or operates
is called environment.
What is RTI?
Research Triangle Institute, it is an international conducts scientific research to
prevent work related injuries and illness.
What is HAZCOM?
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It stands for Hazard Communication; it has historically been associated with the
combined use of safety data sheets, labels, and training to protect the health and
safety of workers when using chemicals in the workplace.
What is HAZMAT?
HazMat stands for Hazardous material”. It is a chemical or agent (biological,
chemical, radiological, or physical) which has the potential to cause harm to
humans, animals, or the environment, either by itself or through interaction with
others.
Q12: What is emergency action plane?
It (EAP) is a written document required by particular OSHA standards, the purpose
of an EAP is to facilitate and organized employer and employees action during
workplace emergency.
What is the most important thing during emergency?
Personal safety, to avoid someone else being put at risk.
What is evacuation plane?
Evacuation plane mean that how to exit a building safely during an emergency.
Emergency evacuation steps:
1-Alarm 2- Evacuation 3- Assembly point 4- Head counting.
Emergency Response:
In case of emergency we should evacuate all the employees to safe assembly
point, contact emergency numbers and inform area responsible person.
What is emergency?
When something happens suddenly in the construction site like major injury,
major gas released, fire etc is called emergency.
What is Isolation?
When procces plant, equipment or system are required to be taken out of service
for major repair, maintenance or modification is called Isolation.
There are two types of Isolation.
1. Mechanical isolation 2. Electrical isolation.
1. Mechanical isolation. Isolation of process pipes, tanks or equipment
in order to make it impossible for hazardous materials to enter the
work area.
Steps of mechanical isolation:
1. Single valve block 2. Double valve block and bleed 3. Isolation 4. Blind

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2. Electrical isolation mean, the cutting off of electrical supply to an electrical
installation to make electrical system dead for safety reason.
ii. Steps of Electrical Isolation.
1. Shud down machinery 2. Identify all energy sources
3. Identify all isolation points 4.Isolat all energy sources 5.de-energize all store
energy 6. lock out all isolated points.
Positive Isolation: positive isolation means zero energy.
Q13: What does LOTO stand for and what is the purpose of LOTO?
LOTO stands for Lock out Tag out and it is a Safety procedure to protect the
employees from injury or accident by releasing hazardous energy during
services or maintenance activities.
4 Steps of LOTO safety:
i - Preparation for LOTO ii- Securing LOTO iii- Try out and verify
vi- Removal of LOTO.
Lock system and color of sabic loto.
Red - for owner (Loto Isolator)
Green - for general (Authorised)
Yellow - Personal (Effected)
Blue - Transition
Black - Loto supervisor (Coordinator).
Note: before applying loto system it must be confirm that the facility or system
must not have any potential of energy.
Q14: What are Hierarchies of control?
1-Elimination : design out. Remove the hazard
2-substitution : use something else.
3-engineering control : isolation and guarding
4-Administrative control : training and work scheduling
5-PPE : last resort
Engineering control: to isolate the workers from hazards and reduce the risk by
using safety tools and devices
Q15: What is radiography?
Radiography is a method of NDT to verify the internal structural and integrity of a
structure, such as vassals, pipes and tank.
Hazards of Radiography:

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Skin burns, cancer or cardiovascular disease.
Requirements:
RSO, radiography work permit, trained and professional people, signboard should be
post, proper barricade and blinking lights during night.
Name of unite of measuring radiation? Micro saver or mille rim
What is decay chart?
It is a chart showing the change of radiation periodically
IQ16: What is hydro test?
Hydro testing is a process where the components such as piping, vessel and tank
are tested for strength or leakage with pressurize liquid.
Purpose of hydro testing
Identify the leaks
Check the strength of the welding joint
Check the capacity of the system
Hazards:
Failures of line, gasket, flanges, PSV failure, pipe blast, pressure exceed lack of
supervision, improper barricade and sign boards.
Requirements/ Precautions
PTW, proper barricading, ensure calibration of pressure gauge and pressure
safety valve, whip lash arrestor should be provided to hose connection, only
trained persons should be performed hydro testing activity, safe distance, PPE,
proper supervision
Q17: What is Tie INS?
A Tie-in Point is the point where the new piping connects to the existing pipe.
Q18: What is SHEM?
Safety Health & Environmental Management
SHEM is a system covers the safety topics and safety procedure to be followed by
SABIC employees and its affiliates.
Q19: Elements of SHEM
16 Elements and 55 Sub Elements are required by SABIC to ensure a safe
workplace and operational excellence. Course Duration – 5 Days – Classroom
other courses- Accident Investigation & Root Cause Analysis. Companies who
have to meet SABIC SHEM regulations.
16 Elements are mentioned below.
01. HSE documents and control
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02. Risk assessment
03. Operating and maintenance procedure
04. Training and competency
05. Third party requirements
06. Pre startup safety review (PSSR)
07. Machinery integrity
08. Safe Work Procedure
09. Management of change
10. Incident investigation report
11. Emergency planning and respond
12. Health and environment hygiene
13. Environment standards
14. Security standards
15. Road transport safety
16. Product stewardship
SHEM 08- Safe Work Procedure
8.01 General HSE rules
8.02 Laboratory HSE rules
8.03 Materials handling and storage
8.0m4 Road transportation of materials
8.05 Electrical safety
8.06 lifting equipment
8.07 Tools handling
8.08 PPE
8.09 Working at height
8.10 Work permit
8.11 Control/isolation of hazardous energy including LOTO
Q20: What is Work Permit?
Work permit is a legal and written documents use to authorise someone to carry
out a specific activity in a specific location in the restricted area.
Sabic work permit and certificates for different activities.
There are 8 types of work permit and 3 types certificates in sabic.
PTW:
1-Hot work permit
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2-General work permit
3-Confined space entry permit.
4-Electrical work permit.
5-Radiography works permit
6-Excavation work permit
7-HPJ work permit
8-lifting work permit
Certificate:
1-Lifting Certificate
2-LOTO (lock out tag out) Certificate
3-Excavation Certificate
What is STARRT stand for?
It stands for Safety Task Analyses Risk Reduction Talk.
What is welfare facility and what is the purpose of w/facility?
The following facilities should be provided by company to its employees to fulfill
the legal requirements.
Drinking water, Hand washes station, Mess hall, Mosque, Smoking Shelter, Rest
Shelter, Toilets.
Q21: Some important GI for Aramco standards.
1- GI for crane and heavy equipment incident reporting 7.026
2- GI for Crane Man basket 7.027
3- GI for Crane lifting 7.028
4- GI for Rigger hardware requirement 7.029
5- GI for Heavy equipment services 7.031
6- GI for Job injury and occupational illness 6.007
7- GI for LOTO (lack out tag out) 6.012
8- GI for Traffic vehicle safety 6.030
9- GI for work permit 2.100
10- GI for Gas testing procedure 2.709
11- GI for Scaffolding 8.001
12- Standard for Slings ASME 30.9
Q22: What is electricity?
Electricity is the flow of energy from one place to another.
What are AC and DC?
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Alternating Current
AC (Alternating Current) current flowing in power lines and normal household
electricity that comes from a wall outlet is alternating current.
DC (Direct current) is electrical current which flows consistently in one
direction.
Hazards of electricity?
Electric shock, arcing, burn, explosion, fire, improper grounding, wet condition,
damage tools and equipments, damage insulation, overload circuit, exposed
electrical parts.
What are MCB, MCCB, RCCB, and ELCB?
MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker): It automatically switches OFF electrical circuit
during any abnormal condition in the electrical network such as overload & short
circuit conditions.
MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker): It is another type of electrical protection
device which is used when load current exceeds the limit of a miniature circuit
breaker.
RCCB (Residual current circuit breaker): This residual current device is basically an
electrical wiring device that disconnects the circuit whenever there is leakage of
current flow.
ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) They have the same function as RCCB but are
voltage sensor devise. However, this is an old technology & is not in common use.
GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) is used to shut down the power and
protect someone from severe electrical shocks.
(If a person's body starts to receive a shock, the GFCI senses this and cuts off the
power before the person can get injured).
(It generally installed where electrical circuits may accidentally come into contact
with water).
What is the difference between grounding and bonding.?
An electrical system is earthed (grounded) to create a TN installation. Bonding is
the connection of two metal parts with a PE cable
Q23: What is hydro jetting?
Hydro jetting is a cleaning process with high pressure of water.
(Hydro jetting is the process of using a high pressure flow of water to clean the
interior surface of plumbing pipes, removing scale, grease and other debris that’s
built up inside the wall over time.)
Hazards of hydro jetting:
Personal injury due to high pressure of water
Flying debris from cleaning operation

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Release of hazardous materials
High level noise that can damage hearing system
Difficulty in breathing in confined space due to vapor content in air
Incidentally disconnect of water hose
Slip trip and falling hazards
What are the safety precautions of hydro jetting?
Inspection of all equipment and tools (pressure gauge, safety valve)
Hydro jet operator must be trained and knowledgeable
Hand and foot operated dump control valve must be suitable
Proper grounding system must be maintained
Provide safety instruction before start the job
Barricade the area and install proper sign boards
Unauthorized persons will not be allowed.
Proper use of PPE
What is BBS?
Behavior Based Safety (BBS), is a process that informs management and
employees of overall safety of the workplace through safety observations.
What is Whiplash Arrestor?
Safety Whiplash Arrestor. To prevent serious injury due to hose or coupling
failure, add a Whiplash at each hose connection and from equipment to hose.
Q24: What is LSR?
LSR stand for life saving rules which are mentioned below.
1, energy isolation 2, confined space 3, safe system of work 4, disabling safety
system 5, created opening 6, lifting operation 7, vehicle safety 8, line breaks 9,
management of change (MOC) 10, working at height
Q25: What is loop testing /checking?
Loop checking is defined as pre-Commissioning activities which can confirm the
function of instrument installed in the field and respective control system as per
designed.
In Detail: The Loop checking is defined as pre-Commissioning activities which is
initiated after installation of instruments in the field and carry out the
instrument loop checks between installed field instrument and respective control
system.
Q26: What is COSHH?

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Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health.
COSHH is the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to
health.
What is PPM?
This measurement is the mass of a chemical or contaminate per unit volume of
water.
Q27: What is KPI and what does it stand for?
HSE KPI is used to measure, monitor and evaluate the health and safety
performance.
There are two types of KPI. 1. leading indicator 2. Lagging indicator
1. Leading indicator is preventive and proactive measures that can shed light
about the effectiveness of health and safety activities and reveal the potential
problem in health and safety program.
2. Lagging indicator is reactive measure it measuring a company health and safety
performance by tracking an accident statistics.
Q28: What is Deck wall or Bund wall?
Deck wall is a protective system for tank and vessel to control the accidental
release of chemical and cover the spillage of materials and also to protect the
environment from hazardous materials.
Q30: What is the main concern of OSHA?
The main concern of OSHA is to assure the safe and health full condition for
people by setting and endorsing standard and providing training, education,
outreach and assistance.
What is SABIC safety policy?
Create and maintain a safe and secure working environment to prevent injuries,
illnesses and violence.
What is a work permit system?
Work permit is a legal document that officially authorises employees to perform a
specific job in a specific location in the restricted area.
What is safe system of work?
Safe systems of work (SSOW) is an extremely powerful way and structured
processes design by health and safety expert to carry out the job with keeping
hazards and risk under control.
1- select the job.
2- record the steps of stages of the task.
3- evaluate the risks associated with each steps.
4- develop the safe working method.
5- implement the safe working method.
6- monitor to insure it is effective.
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What is health and safety culture?
Negative culture and positive culture.
Negative culture:
1- lack of commitments from Management
2- presence of a blam culture
3- health and safety less priority than other businesses
4- lack of resources
5- poor procedure
Positive culture:
1- Management commitment
2- Disciplinary procedure
3- competency of workforce
4- effective communication
How to protect or safe a working place?
1- Address unsafe condition immediately
2- Regularly inspect and clean equipment, machine and tools
3- ensure associates are wearing proper PPE
4- Prevent slip and falls
5- Make regular inspections

How to develop HSE policy

How to develop safety system?
What steps should be taken at the begging of the project about safety?
Why you thing that safety is important.?

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