My English Lab

Your company wants to find out from its staff how they think their working
environment can be improved. It was therefore decided to hold a competition for
staff to suggest improvements.
Write an email to all staff:
• explaining what you are planning to do and why
• saying how staff can get involved
• describing the prize for the best suggestion(s) and any other points which you
think are important.
Write 180–200 words.
 U5
You are Head of Sales and you have just completed the staff appraisal of one of the
Sales Managers, Marc Champeau. Write a letter to Marc summarising that
appraisal.

Write about:
• the positive achievements
• areas which need improvement
• suggestions for the future
any other points which you think are important.

Write 180–200 words.

Dear Edward,
I am pleased to report that your appraisal overall was very satisfactory. You
demonstrate a good knowledge of your job and perform the necessary duties very
well. Furthermore, your attitude towards your job is very positive at all times and
you are well motivated.
I am impressed with what you have done this year despite not being able to achieve
all your goals. I understand that you felt they were unrealistic and your line
manager accepts that they may have been set quite high. However, he feels that
you did a good job in difficult circumstances and he will set more realistic targets
this year.
However, there are two areas where your line manager feels that you need to
improve – teamwork and communication. You state that you find it difficult to
share work with your team, especially when you are responsible for them
achieving their goals. I feel that more training in encouraging teamwork will help
you and the team improve in this area, so we will organise this for you. In addition,
it seems that you sometimes have problems communicating with your team. The
team would benefit greatly if you could better understand some of the issues they
face and provide clearer feedback. This can easily be resolved with more targeted
training in leadership and communication.
Nevertheless, I am confident that you will continue to contribute effectively to the
company. With the relevant training and some demonstration of improvement in
your performance, you could take on more responsibility, which will help your
career development in this company.
Yours sincerely,
U6
You work for a large manufacturing company that is planning to use fair trade
suppliers only in the future. You are responsible for writing the regular staff
newsletter.

Write a letter to all staff giving them a news update.

Write about:
• news of the decision
• current actions as a result
• any future plans
and any other points which you think are important.

Write 180–200 words.

We are pleased to announce that we have completed the investigation into the
recent press articles about unethical business practices in some of our factories and
the quality of our meals. Two factories were identified as having poor quality
control systems, being unsafe, and using suppliers with unethical practices. We are
delighted to say that procedures have now been put in place to avoid such
problems in the future.
As part of the company’s commitment to provide a safe working environment, we
have developed a new code of ethics and everyone is encouraged to familiarise
themselves with this document, which is now online. The new code of ethics
includes the requirement for all our factories to have the same production and
quality control processes and checks have started taking place in every factory in
all the regions.
Another key point concerns ensuring that all suppliers match our ethical standards.
We are now checking all meat suppliers more carefully to make sure that their staff
are working in acceptable conditions and paid fairly. In addition, the welfare of any
animals used in our food production must also match our new code, in order to
supply quality meat. If you believe that someone is not following the code of
ethics, you can report them to HR without identifying yourself. Staff or suppliers
who do not follow these codes will be warned or dismissed for repeat offences.
We would like to encourage staff involvement to further improve our ethical
approach so we have created a new online suggestion box. Full details are
available on the website and employees will be rewarded for any ideas that are
used.
 U7
You are a Project Manager and are going to miss a deadline. You have been asked
to reply to the Operations Director and explain the reasons for this. Look at the
emails and the handwritten notes you have already made on some details. Using all
your handwritten notes, write an email explaining why the deadline is going to be
missed and proposing how you should proceed.
Dear Mr Raven,
I am really sorry to inform you that the St Kitts school project has hit a major
problem and, as a result, we are unlikely to meet the Phase 2 deadline. The main
reason for the delay are construction issues with your new plans. Unfortunately,
your architect was not aware of how much additional work the addition of four
new classrooms would involve for us.
Unexpected problems have also arisen with extremely bad weather conditions that
we had last night. Unfortunately, the severe storms have done a lot of damage to
the main harbour at St Kitts which means we are currently unable to receive the
materials we would need to complete the additional classrooms. Unfortunately, the
goods cannot leave China while the main harbour is damaged here, so all new
shipment orders are suspended and won’t arrive by the scheduled date.
We are currently trying to solve the problem of getting the materials to the island
as soon as possible. One possibility is to instruct the freight forward company to
send them by air if the airport reopens soon. However, this will also be a much
more expensive option and does not guarantee completion of the new classroom by
the end of Phase 2. We are therefore proposing that we meet to re-assess the
schedule and budget. Please let me know your availability in the next day or two. I
hope to hear from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
 U8
You work for CloCO, a specialist sports clothing company with a reputation for
following ethical guidelines. It has recently been under investigation for its
manufacturing processes. You have been asked to write a press release.

Write about:
• the investigation
• details of the problems and any action to be taken
• future promises
and any other points which you think are important.

Write 180–200 words.

Europe Airways today announced that it has changed not only the way it looks but
the way it looks after its customers.
Thirty years ago, Europe Airways was the customers’ favourite airline, but sales
declined in the last decade and the company performance was unsatisfactory. Since
arriving last year, CEO Jack Saunders, has been determined to turn the company
around. As a result, there has been a large restructuring of booking and IT systems,
and increased staff recruitment and training.
Mr Saunders’ vision of a first-class, customer focused business, which brings
comfort back to affordable travel, is to be launched with a brand-new image, which
will highlight the changes. He has promised that this vision of a friendly,
comfortable and reliable airline will become a reality when it re launches this
week.
Saunders assures the public that passengers will be looked after by the best-trained
cabin staff in the industry, whose goal is to provide first-class customer service. In
addition to excellent interpersonal skills, staff will now be able to speak a
minimum of two languages in addition to English. In order overcome problems
with booking and boarding, new online booking and IT systems have been put in
place and all support staff have been trained in using them.
As part of the re-branding, the company will re launch with new colours on the
planes – purple and white. Staff will also wear these colours in designer uniforms.
To improve in-flight catering, a partnership has been signed with upmarket
European supermarket chain Cuisine U, who will provide meals, drinks and duty-
free items.
Europe Airways promises their new service will ensure each flight is a relaxing
experience. To summarise the new image, Saunders says, ‘It’s not the destination
that’s important on our flights but the journey to get there’
 Bussiness Partner
U1
Next year, our organization is providing employees with an interesting opportunity
to volunteer abroad. You can take a break from your regular schedule and work on
worthwhile projects with the help of this sabbatical program. By the end of the
month, the calendar for the sabbaticals in the following year will be set, so send in
your creative project ideas as soon as possible!

Working with an Australian marine charity is one proposed option that would
enable you to learn about marine ecosystems, support ocean conservation efforts,
and even take surfing lessons in your spare time! One of the most exquisite and
important ecosystems on Earth, the Great Barrier Reef, will be close to your place
of residence.

The company is providing an additional month of travel once the project ends, so
you can spend more time exploring Australia's cities, beaches, and breathtaking
scenery.

For more information, get in touch with HR if you're interested in this exceptional
opportunity to mix employment, travel, and volunteer activity. It's a unique chance
to explore a new nation and have a positive influence!
U2

Subject: Request for Marketing Course Enrollment

Dear …,

I hope this message finds you well. I am requesting approval to enroll in a

marketing course that I believe will significantly enhance my skills and contribute
to our department's goals.

In today’s competitive environment, a strong understanding of marketing strategies

is essential to effectively promote our services and products. This course will
provide me with practical tools and insights into the latest trends in digital
marketing, customer engagement, and branding. It will also cover key areas such
as content marketing, social media, SEO, and analytics, which I believe can
directly benefit our ongoing projects.

By completing this course, I will be better equipped to contribute to our marketing

efforts, particularly in developing campaigns that drive growth and improve our
brand visibility. I am confident that the knowledge gained will translate into more
innovative strategies and improved ROI for the company.

I kindly ask for your consideration and approval to enroll in this course, as it will
ultimately benefit our team’s performance and objectives.

Thank you for your time and support.

Best regards,
U3

Dear Shareholders,

We are excited to present a strong year of growth and achievement. This year, our
group sales hit a record high of £48 billion, compared to £40 billion last year.
While some European markets faced economic challenges, we successfully entered
more promising markets, such as India and Japan. This strategic expansion
contributed to an increase in our operational cash flow, now standing at £4.5
billion, up from £4 billion last year.

The Board has declared an annual dividend of £1.34 per share, showing continuous
growth over the last three years (£0.99, £1.02, £1.23). Our global presence
continues to expand, with a total of 2,000 stores worldwide. We added 5 new
stores in Russia and entered new markets with 10 stores in India and 4 in Japan.

Additionally, we proudly launched a new high-end brand in Europe, which has

been met with great success. Looking ahead, we plan to implement significant
restructuring measures to reduce operational costs. Over the next three years, we
aim to enhance shareholder value by repurchasing £1 billion worth of shares.

Thank you for your ongoing trust and support as we continue to drive the company
forward.
U4

The increasing traffic congestion and pollution in Willow City require immediate
action. To address these challenges, we propose a long-term strategy that will
phase out gasoline-powered vehicles from the city center over the next three years.
By encouraging the use of public transportation, we aim to significantly reduce
congestion and improve air quality.

One solution is to introduce battery-powered, driverless passenger vehicles to

replace traditional buses and trains in the city center. These vehicles provide a
more efficient and environmentally friendly option, reducing pollution and
congestion. These passenger vehicles will be cheaper to use for customers,
increasing their appeal and usability. Furthermore, the city will not need to invest
in additional infrastructure because these vehicles can operate on existing streets.

Willow City’s private cars are typically parked 95% of the time, wasting valuable
urban space for parking. By reducing our reliance on private cars, we can
repurpose parking spaces for other valuable uses, reclaiming land in the city.

While the initial investment to implement this system will be large, the long-term
benefits include reduced operating costs, reduced pollution, and more efficient use
of space. A small fleet of these cars will be purchased for testing later this year,
providing valuable data to scale the initiative further.

This proposal offers a sustainable and practical approach to solving Willow City’s
traffic and pollution problems, making the city a cleaner and more livable place for
everyone.
U5
 Prism 3
U1 Globallization: How has globalization changed your country?
Globalization has connected countries around the world, allowing them to work
together, share ideas, and grow in many ways. This process has deeply influenced
Vietnam, bringing noticeable changes to various aspects of life. This essay aims to
explore how globalization has transformed Vietnam, focusing on its impact on the
economy, education, and culture.

First, globalization has significantly boosted Vietnam's economy in recent years.

With appropriate government policies, Vietnam has attracted substantial foreign
investment and adopted technological advancements from other countries. Joining
international economic organizations like the WTO have created great
opportunities for exports and economic cooperation. For example, Vietnamese
products such as textiles, electronics, and agricultural goods are now present in
major global markets like the U.S., the EU, and Japan.

Second, education in Vietnam has also improved because of globalization. While

teachers still use traditional teaching methods, they are also trying new and better
ways of teaching. Globalization gives students chances to learn from advanced
education systems around the world. These new methods make learning easier,
more enjoyable, and more engaging than before.

Lastly, globalization has had a big impact on Vietnamese culture. It has brought
new art, music, fashion, and food to the country. This makes Vietnam’s culture
more diverse and interesting. For instance, global fast-food brands like
McDonald’s and KFC are now very popular in Vietnam, showing how foreign
cultures mix with local traditions.

In conclusion, globalization has brought both opportunities and changes to

Vietnam. It has helped the country grow in its economy, improve its education
system, and create a more diverse culture. These positive effects show how
important globalization is for Vietnam’s development and connection with the
world.
U2 Education: Discuss the various similarities and different between studying
a language and studying math
Studying a language and studying math are two essential areas of education that,
while seemingly different, share some similarities in learning methods and
approaches. However, there are also distinct differences in how students approach
and engage with these subjects. Understanding both the similarities and differences
can help students develop effective learning strategies for each.
One key similarity between studying a language and studying math is that both
require regular practice. Just as learning a language involves consistently
practicing reading, writing, speaking, and listening, mastering math concepts
demands frequent problem-solving and application of formulas. For example, a
student learning French needs to regularly practice vocabulary and grammar, while
a math student must frequently solve equations and review formulas to retain
knowledge. Additionally, both subjects require a strong foundation of basic
concepts. In math, students must understand fundamental operations like addition
and multiplication before moving on to advanced topics like calculus, just as
language learners need a grasp of basic grammar rules before tackling more
complex sentence structures.
However, there are significant differences between the two fields. One major
difference is the nature of understanding. In math, there is typically one correct
answer to a problem, based on logical reasoning and precise calculations. In
contrast, language learning is more subjective, with multiple ways to express ideas
or respond to questions, often depending on context or personal style. Moreover,
math tends to be more formulaic, relying heavily on rules and patterns, whereas
language is more fluid and influenced by cultural nuances, idioms, and
expressions. For instance, while solving an algebra problem follows a set formula,
communicating a thought in a language can vary based on cultural context.
In conclusion, both studying a language and studying math require consistent
practice and foundational knowledge, but they differ in their approach to learning
and application. Math focuses on precision and logical reasoning, while language
learning is more flexible and influenced by cultural factors. Understanding these
differences can help learners adapt their study strategies accordingly.
U3 Medicine: Is disease prevention the responsibility of individuals and their
families or of the government?
Healthcare is an essential aspect of modern life, with disease prevention being a
key priority. Achieving effective disease prevention requires a collective effort
from individuals, families, and governments. Through this collaboration, a
healthier society can be built, reducing the burden of illness and improving overall
well-being.

Individuals and families serve as the first line of defense in disease prevention. By
practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly, covering the mouth
when sneezing, and maintaining a clean home environment, they can significantly
reduce the risk of infections. In addition to hygiene, adopting a healthy lifestyle is
crucial. This includes eating a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients, staying
physically active, and avoiding harmful substances like contaminated food and
water. Furthermore, regular medical check-ups play an important role in early
detection and treatment of diseases, helping to prevent more serious health
complications in the future.

On the other hand, governments have a vital role in establishing a healthy public
environment. They are responsible for ensuring that all citizens have access to
clean water, nutritious food, and safe housing. Additionally, governments must
provide comprehensive healthcare services that are both accessible and affordable,
covering not only treatments but also preventative care. This includes vaccinations,
health education, and screenings, which help reduce the spread of diseases. Special
provisions should be made for vulnerable populations, such as individuals with
disabilities, to ensure they receive appropriate care.

In conclusion, effective disease prevention relies on the active collaboration of

both individuals and governments. Individuals must adopt healthy lifestyles and
prioritize regular healthcare, while governments provide the necessary
infrastructure and services. Through this shared responsibility, society can achieve
lasting health improvements and reduce the burden of illness.
U4 The environment
Write a report that provides both shorts – and long – term solutions to an
environmental problem and takes the cost into consideration. Refer to specific
case study in your report

Plastic poses significant environmental issues even though it is a necessary part of

contemporary life. Vietnam produces more than 3 million tons of plastic waste a
year, the majority of which ends up in landfills, streets, or waterways. The gradual
deterioration of plastic causes long-term harm to ecosystems, wildlife, and human
health. Therefore, both short-term and long-term solutions are needed to solve this
issue.
Soon, waste management systems must be improved. Vietnam aims to collect and
treat 85% of its plastic waste by 2025. To achieve this goal, large investments in
garbage collection and recycling infrastructure are needed. To reduce littering and
promote responsible behavior, public awareness campaigns should also be started
to educate the public about proper garbage disposal methods.
Another quick fix is to raise recycling rates, which are now around 30%. By
expanding recycling facilities and offering incentives to businesses that use
recovered materials, plastic waste may be significantly decreased. By increasing
recycling efforts, Vietnam may reduce its reliance on landfills and mitigate
environmental damage.
In the long term, stricter regulations must be implemented. The government plans
to phase out single-use plastics by 2030, but these rules must be strictly enforced.
By encouraging the use of biodegradable alternatives and passing legislation to
limit the production of plastic, plastic waste can be greatly reduced.
A circular economy can also be implemented to increase sustainability. By
promoting practices like composting, recycling, and reuse, Vietnam can lower its
plastic output while creating economic opportunities. The goal of recycling all
urban organic waste by 2030 aligns with this vision.
In conclusion, a combination of short-term and long-term fixes is required to
address Vietnam's plastic waste issue. More recycling, stricter regulations,
improved waste management, and public awareness initiatives are all necessary for
a sustainable future. Despite their high cost, these solutions provide significant
long-term advantages for the environment and public health.
U5 Architecture: Which is more important when building or buying a new
home : its location or its size?

When building or buying a new home, the debate between prioritizing location or
size often arises, as each factor plays a significant role in determining the value,
comfort, and long-term satisfaction associated with the property. Some argue that
location is more crucial, as it affects convenience, lifestyle, and resale value, while
others emphasize that a larger home provides more space for living and family
growth.

Firstly, location can be viewed as the most important factor due to its influence on
convenience and lifestyle. A home in a desirable neighborhood, close to good
schools, workplaces, healthcare facilities, and recreational amenities, generally
provides an improved quality of life. Living near essential services reduces
commute times and offers a sense of connection to the community. Additionally,
location plays a major role in the property’s future value. Homes in prime locations
typically retain or increase in value, making them a better investment over time.

On the other hand, some people prioritize the size of the home, particularly those
with larger families or individuals who prefer more room for activities and
hobbies. A bigger home means more space for each family member, which can
increase comfort and make it easier to host guests or create dedicated spaces for
work, relaxation, or fitness. In a larger home, homeowners also have more
flexibility in personalizing each room according to their tastes and needs, which
may significantly impact their overall happiness and satisfaction with their living
space.

Ultimately, the choice between location and size often comes down to personal
preferences and lifestyle needs. While a small home in an ideal location might suit
someone who values convenience and community, a larger home may be more
appealing to those prioritizing space and flexibility. For most, finding a balance
between the two factors is ideal; however, given that location affects the home’s
long-term value and lifestyle benefits, it is often considered the more essential
factor when building or buying a new home.
U6 Energy: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of three types of
renewable energy and decide which would work best in your country
Topic: what is more important when considering energy use: cost or impact on
the environment?
When considering energy use, two key factors often come into focus: cost and
environmental impact. Choosing between these two is crucial, as each has
significant economic development and ecological sustainability implications.
Balancing affordability and environmental responsibility is essential to creating a
future where energy remains accessible without compromising the health of our
planet.
Firstly, energy cost plays a vital role, particularly in developing countries where
affordable energy can drive economic growth and improve quality of life. For
example, in low-income nations, inexpensive energy allows families to access
basic needs like cooking and heating, while businesses benefit from lower
operational costs, supporting profitability and competitiveness. However, focusing
solely on low-cost energy often means relying on fossil fuels, which brings serious
environmental downsides.
On the other hand, the environmental impact of energy sources, particularly from
fossil fuels, raises pressing concerns. For instance, coal and oil contribute to
greenhouse gas emissions, causing climate change and health issues due to air
pollution. The expenses related to managing the effects of natural disasters and
healthcare costs from pollution may ultimately surpass the initial savings of cheap
energy. This shows that prioritizing environmental impact can be economically
beneficial in the long run by safeguarding community health and preserving
ecosystems.
Lastly, shifting to renewable energy sources like solar and wind offers a balanced
solution by reducing environmental harm and providing long-term economic
benefits. For example, countries investing in clean energy technologies have
created jobs and decreased healthcare costs related to pollution. Though the initial
cost of renewable energy is often higher, its sustainable nature and minimal
operating expenses make it cost-effective over time.
In conclusion, both cost and environmental impact are crucial when evaluating
energy options, and neither can be ignored. While affordable energy ensures that
people and businesses can meet daily needs, minimizing environmental impact is
essential for a sustainable future. A balanced approach, prioritizing gradual shifts to
cleaner energy sources, can lead to both economic growth and ecological stability,
ensuring accessible energy without sacrificing our planet’s health.

Topic: Explain the advantages and disadvantages of three types of renewable

energy and decide which would work best in your country
Renewable energy is increasingly important as the world seeks sustainable ways to
meet growing energy demands while reducing environmental impacts. Among the
various types, solar, wind, and hydropower are popular choices. This essay will
explore the benefits and drawbacks of each and determine which is most suitable
for my country.
Solar energy is one of the most accessible forms of renewable energy. It harnesses
the sun’s power, making it an abundant resource in sunny regions. Once solar
panels are installed, operational costs are low, and the energy is clean, producing
no emissions during use. However, the initial installation can be costly, and solar
power generation depends on sunlight, which means it is less efficient on cloudy
days and doesn’t work at night. Given that my country experiences a lot of sunny
days throughout the year, solar energy could be a viable option, especially in areas
with high solar exposure.
Wind energy, another renewable source, also has many advantages. Wind turbines
produce no greenhouse gas emissions, making them an environmentally friendly
choice. Wind power can generate significant amounts of electricity in regions with
consistent and strong winds. On the downside, wind turbines can create noise and
visual disturbances, which may face opposition from nearby residents.
Additionally, the reliance on specific weather conditions means that wind energy is
not suitable for all locations. In coastal and elevated regions of my country, wind
energy could be effective due to frequent and strong winds.
Hydropower is a third form of renewable energy that can provide reliable and
large-scale electricity production. It’s particularly advantageous for countries with
rivers, as it offers a steady energy source. However, building hydropower facilities
can be expensive, and they may disrupt local ecosystems and require the
displacement of communities. In my country, several rivers could support
hydropower plants, though careful consideration of environmental impacts is
necessary.
In conclusion, each type of renewable energy has its strengths and weaknesses.
Solar energy is affordable in the long term but weather-dependent, wind energy is
efficient in suitable areas but can face local opposition, and hydropower is reliable
but costly and potentially disruptive. Considering my country’s sunny climate,
solar energy would likely work best, providing a sustainable and accessible power
source for many regions.
U7 Art and design: Fashion, cooking and video games have all been likened to
fine art. Choose one of these and discuss whether it should be considered fine
art, comparable to painting or sculpture.
The concept of fine art traditionally encompasses painting and sculpture, forms
that are appreciated for their aesthetic and intellectual value. However, in recent
years, video games have gained recognition for their artistic qualities, sparking
debates about whether they deserve a place among fine arts. This essay will argue
that video games should indeed be considered fine art, as they combine visual
artistry, storytelling, and interactivity in a manner comparable to traditional forms.
Video games often feature intricate visual designs that rival traditional works of
art. Games like The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild or Journey are lauded for
their stunning graphics, attention to detail, and immersive worlds, which
demonstrate a mastery of digital artistry. Like paintings or sculptures, these visuals
evoke emotions and convey themes, showcasing the creativity and skill of their
creators.
In addition to visual elements, video games excel in storytelling, which is a
hallmark of fine art. Many games, such as The Last of Us or Red Dead Redemption
2, offer rich narratives that explore complex human emotions, moral dilemmas, and
societal issues. These narratives often rival those found in literature or cinema,
engaging players on a deeply emotional level.
What sets video games apart is their interactivity, allowing players to become
active participants in the artistic experience. This feature distinguishes video games
from traditional fine art, making them a unique medium. Players can influence
outcomes, explore environments, and immerse themselves in ways that static art
forms cannot offer. This level of engagement enhances the artistic impact and
creates a dynamic relationship between the creator and the audience.
In conclusion, video games should be regarded as fine art, as they combine visual
excellence, compelling narratives, and innovative interactivity to create profound
artistic experiences. While they differ from traditional art forms in their medium
and approach, they share the core attributes of creativity, emotional resonance, and
cultural significance, making them deserving of the same respect and recognition.

U8 Aging: Describe population trends in Japan using data from a graph.

Suggest the potential impact on the country if the 2050 projections are correct.
 Úm
Task 1
Apologize for delay
Dear X,
I am writing to sincerely apologize for the delay in [providing the required
information/completing the task/responding to your email, etc.]. I understand that
this may have caused inconvenience, and I deeply regret any disruption it may
have brought to your plans.
The delay was due to [briefly explain the reason for the delay, e.g., unforeseen
circumstances, workload, or technical issues], and I take full responsibility for not
addressing the matter sooner. Please rest assured that I have taken the necessary
steps to ensure this does not happen again in the future.
I am currently [mention the action you are taking to resolve the situation, e.g.,
finalizing the task, sending the information, or scheduling a follow-up meeting],
and I aim to complete this by [provide a specific timeline].
Once again, I apologize for the inconvenience and appreciate your understanding
and patience. If you have any further concerns or questions, please do not hesitate
to reach out to me directly.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Best regards,
Reply proposal mail

Dear X,

Thank you for sharing your proposal regarding [specific topic, e.g., "the new
marketing strategy" or "collaboration on the project"]. I appreciate the time and
effort you invested in preparing it and the valuable insights you provided.

After reviewing your proposal thoroughly, I believe that [acknowledge the merit of
the proposal, e.g., "your ideas align well with our objectives" or "your approach
shows great potential for improving efficiency"]. Your detailed analysis and
innovative suggestions have given us a lot to consider.

[If accepting: "I am pleased to inform you that we are interested in moving forward
with your proposal and would like to discuss the next steps. Please let me know a
convenient time for a meeting or provide any additional materials required."]
[If rejecting or requesting changes: "While your proposal is impressive, we believe
some adjustments are necessary to align with our current priorities. Could you
refine [specific aspects] and resubmit for further consideration?"]

Thank you once again for your effort and enthusiasm. I look forward to
collaborating with you on this.

Best regards,
too many staffs leaving after 1 year, give reasons
Task 2
Should government support vocational training programs (chương trình đào
tạo nghề) for student to job market?
In recent years, the transition from education to employment has become
increasingly challenging for students due to the ever-evolving demands of the job
market. One proposed solution is for governments to support vocational training
programs to prepare students for specific professions. This essay will discuss why
such initiatives (sáng kiến) are beneficial and should be prioritized (ưu tiên).
Firstly, vocational training programs equip (trang bị) students with practical skills
tailored to industry needs, thereby enhancing their employability. Unlike traditional
academic education, which often emphasizes (nhấn mạnh) theoretical knowledge,
these programs focus on hands-on experience. For instance (ví dụ), a student
enrolled in a vocational course for automotive repair gains direct exposure (tiếp
xúc trực tiếp) to tools and techniques used in real-world settings (môi trường thực
tế). This alignment between training and workplace requirements not only boosts
job readiness (sự sẵn sàng) but also addresses skill shortages (thiếu hụt) in critical
sectors such as healthcare, technology, and construction.
Secondly, government-funded vocational training can contribute to economic
growth and social stability (ổn định xã hội). By reducing unemployment rates, such
programs alleviate the financial burden on public welfare (phúc lợi) systems.
Additionally, when individuals (các cá nhân) secure stable employment, they
contribute to the economy through taxes and consumer spending. Furthermore, the
availability of skilled workers can attract foreign investment, fostering (thúc đẩy)
further economic development.
However, some argue that vocational training may limit students' versatility (tính
linh hoạt = flexibility), confining (giới hạn = limiting) them to specific roles. While
this concern is valid, governments can mitigate (giảm thiểu) it by integrating (tích
hợp) flexibility into such programs, allowing students to acquire foundational skills
applicable across various professions.
In conclusion, government support for vocational training programs is essential for
bridging (thu hẹp) the gap between education and employment. By enhancing
(tăng cường) job readiness and fostering economic growth, these initiatives play a
crucial role in creating a more prosperous (thịnh vượng) and equitable (công bằng)
society.
School should place a greater emphasis on critical thinking skills (kỹ năng tư
duy phản biện) rather than rote memorization (học thuộc lòng). Do u angree
or not?

The debate over whether schools should prioritize (ưu tiên) critical thinking skills
over rote memorization has gained significant attention in recent years. While
memorization has its place in education, I firmly agree that critical thinking should
be emphasized (nhấn mạnh) more due to its long-term benefits for students’
intellectual (trí tuệ) and professional growth.

Firstly, critical thinking encourages deeper understanding and the ability to solve
complex problems. When students are taught to analyze, evaluate (đánh giá), and
apply knowledge, they can adapt (thích nghi) to new situations effectively. For
example, in science, rather than merely memorizing formulas, students who
understand the principles (nguyên tắc) behind them can solve unfamiliar problems
and innovate (đổi mới). This skill is invaluable in a rapidly changing world where
creativity and adaptability are highly sought (săn đón) after.

Secondly, focusing on critical thinking prepares students for real-world challenges.

Employers increasingly value individuals who can think independently, make
informed decisions (những quyết định sáng suốt), and communicate their ideas
clearly. By fostering critical thinking, schools equip (trang bị) students with skills
that are transferable across various fields (lĩnh vực đa dạng), such as teamwork,
negotiation (đàm phán), and leadership. In contrast, rote memorization often leaves
students unable to apply what they have learned in practical situations.

However, it is important to acknowledge that memorization still has a role in

education. Foundational knowledge, such as vocabulary or mathematical formulas,
often requires memorization to provide a basis (cơ sở) for higher-level thinking.
Therefore, a balanced approach (tiếp cận) is necessary, combining (kết hợp) rote
learning with critical thinking.

In conclusion, while rote memorization is useful in some contexts (bối cảnh),

schools should prioritize critical thinking skills to better prepare students for future
challenges. This approach fosters intellectual growth and equips learners with the
tools needed for success in a dynamic (năng động) world.
Advancements in technology has made remote work possible, but it
diminishes (giảm) the quality of collaboration (cộng tác) and communication

The rise of remote work, facilitated (được thúc đẩy) by advancements in

technology, has transformed (biến đổi) the modern workplace. While this shift
offers numerous benefits, such as flexibility and reduced commuting, some argue
that it negatively (tiêu cực) affects collaboration and communication. I partly agree
with this view, as the impact (sự tác động) of remote work depends on how it is
implemented (cách triển khai).

On the one hand, remote work can hinder (cản trở) effective collaboration and
communication. Virtual interactions (tương tác ảo) often lack (thiếu) the richness
of face-to-face conversations, making it difficult to build rapport (mối quan hệ) and
trust among team members. For instance, brainstorming sessions conducted (tiến
hành) online may miss the dynamic energy of in-person discussions, limiting
creativity. Additionally, non-verbal cues (tin hiệu phi ngôn ngữ) such as body
language and tone are harder to interpret (diễn giải) in virtual meetings, which can
lead to misunderstandings. These challenges can create barriers (rào cản) to
teamwork and decision-making.

On the other hand, technology has also introduced innovative (cải tiến) tools that
enhance remote collaboration. Platforms (Các nền tảng) like Zoom, Slack, and
Microsoft Teams facilitate (tạo đk) real-time communication and file sharing,
bridging the gap between remote and in-person work. Moreover, remote work
allows for the inclusion of global talent, fostering diverse perspectives (quan điểm)
in problem-solving. When managed effectively, teams can maintain (duy trì) high
levels of productivity and collaboration regardless (bất kể) of location.

In conclusion, while remote work can diminish the quality of communication and
collaboration, these issues can be mitigated (giảm thiểu) with the right strategies
(chiến lược) and tools. By fostering a culture of clear communication and utilizing
(sử dụng) advanced technologies, organizations can harness (khai thác) the benefits
of remote work without compromising teamwork (tinh thần làm việc nhóm).
Some people think preserving (bảo tồn) historical buildings is crucial for
cutural heritage, but buiding modern buildings replace historical buildings is
necessary to meet current trend

The debate over whether historical buildings should be preserved or replaced by

modern structures reflects a broader tension (sự căng thẳng) between cultural
heritage and urban development. While some argue for the necessity of modern
buildings to meet contemporary demands (nhu cầu đương đại), I believe preserving
historical architecture is crucial for maintaining cultural identity (bản sắc) and
heritage.

Firstly, historical buildings are irreplaceable (không thể thay thế) symbols of a
nation’s history and culture. They serve as tangible (hữu hình) links to the past,
allowing future generations to understand and appreciate their heritage. For
example, iconic (mang tính biểu tượng) landmarks like the Taj Mahal or the
Colosseum attract millions of tourists annually (hàng năm), contributing to national
pride and economic growth. Destroying such structures in favor of modern
development could result in a significant loss of identity and cultural depth.

Secondly, preserving historical buildings can have practical benefits (lợi ích thiết
thực). Restoration projects (Các dự án trùng tu) often create jobs and revitalize
(phục hồi) communities, making them economically viable (khả thi). Additionally,
with modern techniques, many historical buildings can be adapted for
contemporary (dồng thời) use without compromising their integrity (tính toàn vẹn).
For instance, old factories and warehouses are frequently converted (chuyển đổi)
into offices or residential spaces (không gian dân cư), blending (kết hợp) history
with functionality.

However, proponents (những người ủng hộ) of replacing historical buildings argue
that modern architecture is essential to accommodate (thích ứng) growing urban
populations and technological advancements. While this is valid, urban planning
should strive (đạt được) for a balance. Cities can designate specific areas for
modern construction while safeguarding significant historical sites, ensuring (đảm
bảo) progress does not come at the expense of cultural heritage.

In conclusion, preserving historical buildings is vital for maintaining a nation’s

cultural legacy (di sản văn hóa quốc gia). By integrating (kết hợp) modern
development with conservation efforts, societies can achieve a harmonious
coexistence (sự chung sống hài hòa) between the past and the future.
Building or buying a new house: its location or its size?

When purchasing (mua) or constructing a new house, buyers often face the
dilemma (tình thế tiến thoái lưỡng nan) of prioritizing its location or size. While
both factors are significant, I believe location holds greater importance due to its
long-term impact (tác động) on convenience, lifestyle, and property value (giá trị
bất động sản).

Firstly, the location of a house profoundly (sâu sắc) affects daily life and
convenience. A well-situated home provides easy access to essential services such
as schools, hospitals, public transport, and shopping centers. For instance, living in
a central area reduces commute times and enhances the quality of life. Conversely
(ngược lại), a large house in a remote or poorly connected location may lead to
logistical challenges, making it less practical despite its size.

Secondly, location strongly influences property value and investment potential

(tiềm năng). Homes in desirable (đáng mơ ước) neighborhoods tend to appreciate
over time, offering financial benefits to the owner. On the other hand, a spacious
(rộng rãi) house in a less favorable area might struggle (khó khăn) to maintain or
increase its market value. This is particularly important for individuals who view
real estate (bất động sản) as both a home and an investment.

However, the size of a house should not be entirely disregarded (bỏ qua), as it
directly impacts comfort and functionality. A larger house may be necessary for
families or those who require additional space for work or hobbies. Nevertheless, it
is often possible to optimize (tối ưu hóa) the use of space in a smaller house
located in a prime area (khu vực đắc địa), thereby striking a balance between
practicality and convenience.

In conclusion, while the size of a house plays a role in determining (quyết định) its
suitability, location is the more critical factor due to its impact on daily living and
future value. Prioritizing location ensures (đảm bảo) long-term satisfaction and
benefits, making it the wiser (khôn ngoan) choice when buying or building a new
home.
Should Mental Health Be Prioritized as Much as Physical Health?
In recent years, mental health has gained more recognition (sự công nhận) as an
essential aspect of overall well-being. While physical health has traditionally been
prioritized, I strongly believe that mental health deserves (xứng đáng) equal
attention because it is deeply interconnected with physical health and is crucial for
a balanced, fulfilling (trọn vẹn) life.
Firstly, mental and physical health are closely linked, with one significantly
impacting the other. Poor mental health can lead to physical health issues (vấn đề),
such as weakened immunity (suy giảm miễn dịch), cardiovascular problems (các
vấn đề về tim mạch), or chronic pain (đau mãn tính). For instance, stress and
anxiety are known to increase the risk of heart disease. Similarly, physical illnesses
can worsen mental health, causing conditions like depression (trầm cảm) or
anxiety. Addressing both aspects holistically (một cách toàn diện) ensures a
healthier and more resilient individual.
Secondly, mental health is critical for productivity and relationships. Individuals
with sound mental well-being are better equipped to handle challenges, maintain
focus, and make meaningful contributions in their personal and professional lives.
Neglecting (Bỏ bê) mental health can lead to burnout, reduced productivity, and
strained relationships. For example, workplace stress not only affects job
performance (hiệu suất công việc) but can also damage interpersonal connections,
creating a ripple effect (hiệu ứng lan tỏa) on overall life satisfaction.
However, despite its importance, mental health is often stigmatized (kỳ thị) and
underfunded (thiếu kinh phí) compared to physical health. To address this
imbalance, governments and societies should invest in mental health education,
access to therapy (liệu pháp), and awareness campaigns (chiến dịch nâng cao nhận
thức), ensuring that individuals feel supported in seeking help.
In conclusion, mental health is as vital as physical health and should be treated
with the same level of urgency (cấp bách) and care. By giving equal priority to
both, individuals and societies can achieve true well-being and thrive in all aspects
of life
How Can Transportation Systems Be Improved with Minimal Impact on the
Environment?

As urbanization (dô thị hóa) and population growth accelerate (nhanh chóng),
transportation systems must evolve (phát triển) to meet rising demands while
minimizing their environmental impact. To achieve this, cities must adopt
sustainable approaches that balance efficiency and ecological responsibility. This
essay will discuss key strategies (chiến lược) for improving transportation systems
in an environmentally friendly manner.

Firstly, promoting public transportation is crucial for reducing the reliance on

private vehicles, which are major contributors to air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions. Governments should invest in expanding and modernizing public transit
networks, such as buses, subways, and trains. For example, introducing electric or
hybrid buses and enhancing service frequency can make public transportation more
attractive to commuters, thereby decreasing the number of cars on the road.

Secondly, integrating (tích hợp) green technologies into transportation systems can
significantly reduce environmental harm. The adoption (sự áp dụng) of electric
vehicles (EVs), along with the development of a robust (mạnh mẽ) charging
infrastructure (cơ sở hạ tầng), can replace traditional fossil-fuel-powered vehicles.
Moreover, implementing (triển khai) renewable energy sources, such as solar
panels at transit stations, can further decrease the carbon footprint of transportation
networks.

Lastly, fostering active transportation options like cycling and walking can
minimize environmental impact while promoting healthier lifestyles. Cities can
achieve this by creating pedestrian-friendly streets, constructing dedicated bike
lanes, and implementing bike-sharing programs. For instance, cities like
Amsterdam have demonstrated (chứng minh) that prioritizing cycling can lead to
both environmental and social benefits.

In conclusion, improving transportation systems with minimal environmental

impact requires a multifaceted approach (tiếp cận đa diện), including the
promotion of public transit, adoption of green technologies, and encouragement of
active transportation. By prioritizing sustainability (tính bền vững), governments
can create efficient and eco-friendly transportation systems that benefit both people
and the plan
What are roles of green spaces in enhancing quality of life in urban centers.
Do you agree with the increase in reliance on technology in healthcare?
Tourism improves economics, while it contributes to environment degradation.
Discuss both views and give your opinion

How can technology monitor and improve air quality in large cities

Significant = crucial = critical = vital = important

Conversely (ngược lại)