Chapter 2: The Variety of Living Organisms
1. Complete the table to summarise the features of the different kingdoms.
• state whether organisms are single-celled or multicellular or can be either
• state whether chloroplasts are present or absent
• state whether a cell wall is present and if it is, state what it is composed of
• state the carbohydrate molecules that are present
• state the method of nutrition.
Kingdom Single / multi Chloroplasts Cell wall Carbohydrates Nutrition
cellular present
animal
plant
fungi
protoctists
2.(a) Complete the following paragraph about fungi by using the words in the box.
saprotrophic enzymes moulds photosynthesise nitrogen
glucose hyphae yeast amino acids mycelium chitin
Fungi are a very diverse group of organisms. Multicellular fungi include _________, mushrooms and
toadstools. There are also single-celled fungi, such as _______. Fungi do not possess chloroplasts so
cannot __________. Multicellular fungi, such as moulds, produce many fine threads called _______,
which are coated in a cell wall made of ________. The whole network of hyphae is called a
___________. Many fungi live on dead material and are very important in ecological cycles such as
the carbon and _________ cycles. They release ________ onto their food which digest it into soluble
substances such as ___________ and __________ which they then absorb. This method of nutrition
is called ____________ nutrition.
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(b) Label the diagram of the yeast cell.
3.(a) Define the term pathogen.
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(b) Place each of the listed pathogenic organisms into the correct group in the table and in each case
state the disease they cause. Summarise any information you find about each disease.
Try to carry out your own research to add other examples.
• Pneumococcus
• Plasmodium
• Trichophyton (a parasitic mould)
• tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
• HIV
• influenza
Protoctists Bacteria Viruses
Organism Disease Organism Disease Organism Disease
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(c) Explain why viruses are not classed as living organisms.
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4. The diagram shows the general structure of a bacterial cell.
(a) Label the diagram of the bacterial cell.
(b) Bacteria are called prokaryotic cells. Animals, plants, fungi and protoctists are made of cells called
eukaryotic cells. Place each of the cell structures listed below into the correct columns of the table.
nucleus nucleoid cellulose cell wall chitin cell wall
proteoglycan cell wall flagellum slime capsule plasmid
chloroplast mitochondria ribosome cytoplasm cell membrane
Prokaryotic cell Eukaryotic cell
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5. Place the labels into the correct places into the Venn diagram to show the similarities and
differences between animals, plants and fungi.
sucrose starch glycogen multicellular single celled nervous system
chloroplasts photosynthesis saprophytes nucleus mitochondria cellulose
chloroplast chitin large vacuole
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