Chapter 7 second year Math formulas by Dr.

Shakeel Awan,
HOD Math, Hadaf college Peshawar. # 03331759601
Exercise 7.1 9. Point slope form of equation of line is
𝒚 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
1.Distance formula 10. Two-point form of equation of line is
𝒚 − 𝑦1 𝒙 − 𝑥1
|𝐴𝐵| = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2 =
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
2. Midpoint formula
𝑥 +𝑥 𝑦 +𝑦2
11. Two intercept form of equation of line is
Midpoint of AB= ( 1 2 2 , 1 2 ) 𝑥 𝑦
+ =1
3. Ratio formula (Internally) 𝑎 𝑏
𝑘1 𝑥2 + 𝑘2 𝑥1 𝑘1 𝑦2 + 𝑘2 𝑦1 12. Normal form of equation of line is
(𝑥, 𝑦) = ( , ) 𝑥 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼 + 𝑦 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛼 = 𝑝 where
𝑘1 + 𝑘2 𝑘1 + 𝑘2
4. Ratio formula (Externally) 𝑝 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑘1 𝑥2 − 𝑘2 𝑥1 𝑘1 𝑦2 − 𝑘2 𝑦1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼 = 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑝
(𝑥, 𝑦) = ( , ) 13. Slope- intercept form of equation of line is
𝑘1 − 𝑘2 𝑘1 − 𝑘2
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 where
5. Points of intersection of medians, altitudes, m= slope and c= y-intercept of line
angle bisectors and perpendicular bisectors 14. Symmetric form of equation of line
Point of 𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑦 − 𝑦1
intersection of
is Formula =
Medians
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥3 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + 𝑦3
Centroid ( , ) 15. Horizontal lines and vertical lines
3 3
Angle bisectors In-center 𝑎𝑥1 + 𝑏𝑥2 + 𝑐𝑥3 𝑎𝑦1 + 𝑏𝑦2 + 𝑐𝑦3 Equation of horizontal line is y=d and
( , )
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 Equation of vertical line is x=d.
Altitudes Ortho-center 16. Equations of axes
Perpendicular 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 0 and
bisectors of Circum-center
sides 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑥 = 0
17. How to convert
Exercise 7.2 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
Steps: a. Take constant to RHS (Make it +ve if –ve).
6. Slope= Ratio between rise and run.
b. Divide by √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒
𝜃 𝑚 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 18. How to convert
𝑦2 − 𝑦1 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 Symmetric form ??
(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) 𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑎 Exercise 7.3
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 𝑚=−
𝑏
Note : 𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 19. How to find position of a point 𝑃(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), on a
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝒂𝒙 + 𝒃𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎
For parallel lines 𝑚1 = 𝑚2
Steps: a. Make coefficient of y positive if negative
For perpendicular lines 𝑚1 × 𝑚2 = −1
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1.
Remember: Slopes of two perpendicular lines are b. 𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑥 = 𝑥1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑦1 𝑖𝑛 𝐿𝐻𝑆 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1
negative reciprocal of each other. If 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 > 0 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒗𝒆 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
7. Intercept: If O is origin and a line cuts x-axis If 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 < 0 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
and y-axis at A and B respectively then If 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 = 0 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝒐𝒏 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
|𝑶𝑨| = 𝒙 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 20. Distance of a point from a line
|𝑶𝑩| = 𝒚 − 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒑𝒕 𝑎𝑥1 + 𝑏𝑦1 + 𝑐
To find x-intercept put y=0 and to find y-intercept 𝑑=| |
put x=0 √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
8. General form of equation of line is
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
Chapter 7 formulas of second year Math by Dr. Shakeel Awan, Hadaf college, near Achini chowk, Ring Road Peshawar.
 Chapter 7 second year Math formulas by Dr. Shakeel Awan,
HOD Math, Hadaf college Peshawar. # 03331759601
21. Angle between two lines. 27.Area of
If Slope of 𝐿1 = 𝑚1 𝑥1 𝑦1 1
1
Slope of 𝐿2 = 𝑚2 triangle ABC= | 𝑥2 𝑦2 1|
2
𝜃 = 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐿1 𝑡𝑜 𝐿2 𝑥3 𝑦3 1
𝑚2 −𝑚1
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 1+𝑚 𝑚
28. Collinear: Points lying on same line are
2 1
22. Equation of Family of line through called collinear points. How to prove
intersection of 𝐿1 and 𝐿2 is 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )& 𝐶(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝐿. 𝐻.S of 𝐿1 +𝑘(L. H. S of 𝐿2 ) = 0 .
Method 1: Find
Exercise 7.4 |𝐴𝐵| , |𝐵𝐶| 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝐴𝐶|. 𝐼𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠
23. Point of intersection of two lines. Is equal to third distance then
𝑳𝟏 ∶ 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟏 = 𝟎 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )& 𝐶(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟.
𝑳𝟐 ∶ 𝒂𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎 Method 2: Find slopes of AB and BC. If they are equal
Point of intersection of then 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )& 𝐶(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟.
𝑏1 𝑐2 −𝑏2 𝑐1 𝑐1 𝑎2 −𝑐2 𝑎1
𝐿1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿2 = (𝑎 ,𝑎 ) Method 3: (Area method). Find
1 𝑏2 −𝑎2 𝑏1 1 𝑏2 −𝑎2 𝑏1
𝑥1 𝑦1 𝟏
24. When three lines are concurrent?
∆= |𝑥2 𝑦2 𝟏| 𝑰𝒇 ∆= 𝟎 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏
𝐿1 ∶ 𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0 𝑥3 𝑦3 𝟏
𝐿2 ∶ 𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0 𝐴(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ), 𝐵(𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )& 𝐶(𝑥3 , 𝑦3 ) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝐿3 ∶ 𝑎3 𝑥 + 𝑏3 𝑦 + 𝑐3 = 0 29. Homogeneous equation of 2nd degree
Method 1 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0
𝐿1 , 𝐿2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿3 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑓 ∆= 0 It always represents two straight lines passing
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 through origin.
Where ∆= |𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 | 30. The lines represented by
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒉𝒙𝒚 + 𝒃𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 are
Method 2 𝑎𝑥 + (ℎ + √ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏) 𝑦 = 0
𝑎𝑥 + (ℎ − √ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏) 𝑦 = 0
Steps. a. Find point of intersection of 𝐿1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿2
31. For MCQs
b. Put that point in equation of 𝐿3 . If it also satisfies
equation of 𝐿3 , then the three lines are concurrent. The lines are If
Perpendicular 𝑎+𝑏 =0
25. Three right bisectors of a triangle are Real and distinct ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 > 0
concurrent if ∆= 0, where Real and coincident ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 = 0
1 1
Imaginary ℎ2 − 𝑎𝑏 < 0
𝑥2 − 𝑥3 𝑦2 − 𝑦3 − (𝑦22 − 𝑦32 ) − (𝑥22 − 𝑥32 ) 32. If 𝜽 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏
2 2
| 1 2 1 2 | 2√ℎ2_ 𝑎𝑏
∆= 𝑥3 − 𝑥1 2 2
𝑦3 − 𝑦1 − (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) − (𝑥3 − 𝑥1 ) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
| 2 2 | 𝑎+𝑏
1 2 2
1 2 2 33. Let the two lines represented by
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 − (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 ) − (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )
2 2 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0
26. Three altitudes of a triangle are concurrent 𝑏𝑒 𝐿1 : 𝑦 = 𝑚1 𝑥
𝐿2 : 𝑦 = 𝑚2 𝑥
if ∆= 0, where 2ℎ
Then 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 = − 𝑏
𝑥2 − 𝑥3 𝑦2 − 𝑦3 −𝑥1 (𝑥2 − 𝑥3 ) − 𝑦1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) 𝑎
𝑚1 𝑚2 = 𝑏
∆= |𝑥3 − 𝑥1 𝑦3 − 𝑦1 −𝑥2 (𝑥3 − 𝑥1 ) − 𝑦2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 )|
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 −𝑥3 (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 ) − 𝑦3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )
Chapter 7 formulas of second year Math by Dr. Shakeel Awan, Hadaf college, near Achini chowk, Ring Road Peshawar.