NAME:.

ABE 3202 DP: 3-24-25

COURSE & YR.: LAB. EXERCISE NO. 1 DS:

I. TERMINOLOGIES AND CONVERSION

II. OBJECTIVES

1. To become familiar with the terminologies used in agricultural machinery and

mechanization;
2. To discuss the different conversion constant used in agricultural machinery and
mechanization; and
3. To do hands-on exercise of converting the different units used in agricultural
machinery and mechanization.

III. ACTIVITIES

1. Briefly define and explain the different terms in the Table 1 below. Only write the
keywords. Briefly explain where and how the term is used in the subject. Use
machinery related books and references, the Philippine Agricultural Engineering
Standards, and the Dictionary of Agricultural Engineering compiled at the
Department.
2. Fill the boxes in Table 2 of the various conversion constants used in the Agricultural
Machinery and Mechanization Subject. The table is classified according to the
different engineering parameters as follows: length, time, area, volume, pressure,
horsepower, speed, force, heat, and energy.
3. Convert the different units given in Table 3. Fill the table with your answers. Show
your conversion solutions with cancellation of units.
4. Write in the Reference section all the books and reference materials used in this
exercise.
Table 1. List of Terms in Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization

Terms Definition/ Explanation

Agricultural Machinery A field of study which deals with the application, use, and
management of various agricultural machines, tools, and
equipment used for production and post production
operation.

Agricultural Mechanization It is the development, manufacture, and extension of

appropriate agricultural tools, implements, and machinery
using animal, human, mechanical, electrical, and other
renewable sources of energy for agricultural production
and development and postharvest operation.

Theoretical Field Capacity Computed rate of being able to plant a given area per unit
of time.

Actual Field Capacity Refers to the real-world rate at which a machine performs
its intended function, considering factors like field
efficiency, speed, and time spent on tasks other than the
primary function.
Field Efficiency Amount of water remaining in soil when the downward
water flow due to gravity becomes negligible.

Agricultural Field Equipment Agricultural tractors, self-propelled machines,

implements, and combinations thereof designed primarily
for agricultural field operations.

Farmstead Equipment Is an equipment other than agricultural field equipment

used in agricultural operations for the production of food
and fiber. This includes livestock equipment, waste
handling system, crop drying and milling systems,
material handling systems and others.

Field Implement A tool or piece of equipment used to perform specific

tasks in the field, such as tilling, planting, or harvesting.

Agricultural Tractor A self-propelled, wheeled, track-laying or semi track-

laying machine primarily designed to pull, push or carry
and/ or operate trailers or provide power to implements
and machines used for agricultural, forestry and other
related works.

Self-Propelled Machine Having one or more units which propel and operate the
machine, designed to carry out agricultural operations
 while on the move.

Tillage Equipment This includes plow and harrow used to

prepare the land to make it ready for seeding and planting
operation.

Seeding and Planting Equipment This are equipment used

to place seeds or plant parts into the prepared seedbed and
subsequently fertilize them.

Crop Maintenance Equipment This includes cultivating, weeding, spraying, dusting, as

well as irrigation equipment aim to make sure that the
crop grows to produce its potential yield.

Harvesting Equipment These are equipment used to gather and collect crops from
fields.

Threshing Equipment These are equipment used to separate the produced from
the panicles and make it ready for primary processing
operation.

Drying Equipment This are equipment used to reduce the moisture of the
product to a level that it can be stored with minimum loss
from spoilage.

Storage Equipment This are equipment used to keep the product safe from
deterioration or spoilage for prolong period of storage.

Milling Equipment This are equipment used to process the product ready for
consumption.

Size Reduction Equipment Machines use to reduce the size of material in granular or
powdered form either by cutting, shearing, impact or their
combinations.

Shelling Equipment Machine used to separate seeds from the cobs or pods.

Material handling Equipment Tools and systems used to efficiently move, store, and
process agricultural products, including grains, crops, and
livestock feed, from harvest to storage and distribution.

Pumping Equipment The machinery and systems used to move water from a
source (like a well, river, or reservoir) to agricultural fields
or other areas for irrigation, livestock watering, or other
purposes.
Table 2. Conversion Constants Used in Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization

Parameter Unit Constant

inches to feet 12 in = 1 ft
feet to meters 3.28 ft = 1 m
Length meters to kilometers 1000 m = 1 km
ft to miles 5280 ft = 1 mi
km to miles 1 km = 0.62137 mi
inch square to feet square 144 in2 = 1 ft2
Area meter square to hectare 10,000 m2 = 1 ha
feet square to acre 43,560 ft2 = 1 acre
cubic liters to cubic meters 1000 li = 1m3
Volume liters to gallons 3.785 li = 1 gal
cubic feet to cubic meters 1 ft3 = 0.02834 m3
cubic inch to gallon 231 in2 = 1 gal
Time seconds to hour 3600 s = 1 hr
minutes to hour 60 min = 1 hr
Speed feet per sec to miles per hour 1 fps = 0.6818 mph
feet per minute to kilometers per hour 1 ft/min = 0.0183 kph
pound to kilogram 2.205 lb = 1 kg
Force kilogram to Newton 1 kg = 9.81 N
kilograms to ton 1000 kg = 1 ton
pound to slag 32.17 lb = 1 slug
psi to atmosphere 14.7 psi = 1 atm
Pressure psi to Newton per meter square 1 psi = 101,325 N/m2
psi to inches water 1 psi = 27.684 in H2O
psi to Pascal 14.7 psi = 101,325 Pa

Hp to foot-pound per minute 1 Hp = 33,000 ft-lb/min

Hp to kg-meter per sec 1 Hp = 76.2 kg-m/s
Hp to kW 1 Hp = 0.746 kW
Energy and Power kilo joule to BTU 1.055 kJ = 1 BTU
Calories to BTU 252 cal = 1 BTU
Hp to BTU per min 1 Hp = 42.4. BTU/ min
kJ to calories 1.055 kJ = 252 cal
kJ to kW-hr 3,600 kJ = 1 kW-hr

Table 3. Conversion Exercise

Convert Answer
600 ft to kilometers 0.1829 km
345 kilometers to miles 214. 321 mi
64 meters to feet 209.92 ft
124 inches to meters 3.1504 m
5000 square feet to hectares 0.04648 ha
23 hectares to acres 56.8342 acres
368.3 hectares to square meters 3,683,000 m2
76 liters to cubic meter 0.076 m3
765.87 gallons to liters 2,898.818 li
245 horsepower to kilowatts 182.77 kW
421 kilowatts to horsepower 564.3432 Hp
54 BTU per minute to horsepower 1.2736 Hp
33 psi to Pascal 36.158
56 psi to atmosphere 227,464.2857 Pa
12 inches of water to psi 0.4335 psi
678 kg-m per sec to horsepower 8.8976 Hp
76 kg to Newton 745.66 Hp
62 Newton to kilogram 6.32 kg
300 Joules to Calories 71,658.7678 cal
123,400 BTU/hr to kW 36.1857 Kw

IV. REFERENCES

AMDP. 1987. Handbook on Agricultural Mechanization in the Philippines. AMDP. College of

Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology. U.P. at Los Banos, College, Laguna.

ASAE. ASAE Standards 1997. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 2960 Niles RoadSt.
Joseph, MI. USA.

Belonio, A. (2006). Dictionary of Agricultural Engineering.

Belonio, A. (2006). Agricultural Engineering Formula.