NAME: ANJUM IBRAHIM ATTARWALE
SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE
CLASS: MA II
COLLEGE: WALCHAND COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
GUIDE: ABHIJEET V. JADHAV
DATE: 01-02-2025
INCREASE IN POPULATION: IT'S IMPACT ON GOVERNMENT AND
DEMOCRACY
INTRODUCTION
India's population has been steadily increasing for decades, and it
recently surpassed China's to become the largest in the world. This
rapid growth has significant implications for the country's
resources, economy, and environment.
Several factors contribute to India's population growth, including a
high birth rate, declining death rate, and a large youth population.
The increasing population presents both challenges and
opportunities for Indian Government and Democracy.
AIM
To Examine the effect of Population Growth on Indian Democracy
and Achieve sustainable population growth rate through education,
family planning, and empowerment of women ensuring a better
quality of life for all citizens.
OBJECTIVES
1. Analyze the impact of population growth on Indian democracy,
including its effects on governance, resource allocation, and social
welfare.
2. Identify strategies to achieve a sustainable population growth rate
through education, family planning, and empowerment of women.
3. Develop recommendations to ensure a better quality of life for all
citizens, while addressing the challenges posed by population
growth.
MAJOR CAUSES OF INCREASE IN POPULATION IN INDIA
Social Factors
1. High Birth Rate: India's total fertility rate (TFR) is 2.3, which is
higher than the replacement rate of 2.1.
2. Early Marriage: Early marriage and childbearing contribute to high
fertility rates.
3. Limited Family Planning: Limited access to and awareness of family
planning methods, particularly in rural areas.
4. Societal Pressure: Societal pressure to have children, particularly
sons, contributes to high fertility rates.
Economic Factors
1. Poverty: Poverty and limited access to education and family
planning contribute to high fertility rates.
2. Limited Education: Limited education, particularly among women,
contributes to high fertility rates.
3. Employment Opportunities: Limited employment opportunities,
particularly in rural areas, contribute to high fertility rates.
Medical Factors
1. Improved Healthcare: Improved healthcare and sanitation have led
to a decline in mortality rates, contributing to population growth.
2. Vaccination Programs: Successful vaccination programs have
contributed to a decline in mortality rates.
Cultural Factors
1. Cultural Values: Cultural values that emphasize the importance of
children contribute to high fertility rates.
2. Lack of Awareness: Limited awareness about family planning and
reproductive health contributes to high fertility rates.
Government Factors
1. Limited Access to Family Planning: Limited access to family
planning services, particularly in rural areas.
2. Inadequate Healthcare: Inadequate healthcare infrastructure and
services contribute to high fertility rates.
Addressing these factors are crucial in managing population growth in
India and ensuring sustainable development.
POSITIVE IMPACT OF INCREASING POPULATION ON GOVERNMENT
AND DEMOCRACY
Increased Tax Base: A growing population can lead to an increase
in the tax base, providing more revenue for the government to fund
public services and infrastructure.
Diverse Workforce: A larger population can provide a diverse range
of skills and expertise, which can benefit the government in terms
of policy development and implementation.
Economic Growth: A growing population can contribute to
economic growth, which can lead to increased government revenue
and improved living standards.
Cultural Exchange and Diversity: A growing population can lead to
increased cultural exchange and diversity, which can enrich Indian
democracy and promote tolerance and understanding.
Young and Dynamic Workforce: India's population is relatively
young, with over 65% of its population below the age of 35. This
can provide a dynamic and energetic workforce that can drive
economic growth and innovations.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF INCREASING POPULATION ON
GOVERNMENT AND DEMOCRACY
Strain on Resources: The growing population puts immense
pressure on India's natural resources, such as water, land, and
energy, leading to scarcity and competition for these resources.
Increased Burden on Infrastructure: The rapid population growth
has led to an increased burden on India's infrastructure, including
housing, transportation, and public services, resulting in
inadequate and insufficient facilities.
Environmental Degradation: The growing population has
contributed to environmental degradation, including deforestation,
pollution, and climate change, which pose significant threats to
India's ecosystem and natural resources.
Impact on Governance: The increasing population has made it
challenging for the government to provide basic services, such as
healthcare, education, and sanitation, leading to inadequate
governance and administration.
Social and Economic Inequality: The growing population has
exacerbated social and economic inequality, with the wealthy
having greater access to resources and opportunities, while the
poor struggle to make ends meet.
Pressure on Democratic Institutions: The increasing population has
put pressure on India's democratic institutions, including the
electoral system, the judiciary, and the legislative bodies, leading to
concerns about the stability and effectiveness of these institutions.
INDIAN STATE POPULATION STATUS
Almost half of the country's population lives in the five most
populous states, namely, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, West
Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh.
The population of the biggest state, Uttar Pradesh, is close to the
population of Pakistan, the fifth-most populous country in the
world. The populations of 2nd-ranked Bihar and 3rd-ranked
Maharashtra are equivalent to those of Mexico. Seven states have a
population more than 20th-ranked in the world. 15 states come
under the top 50 countries.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
1. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between
population growth and Indian democracy.
2. Effective strategies for promoting sustainable population growth,
including education, family planning, and women's empowerment
initiatives.
3. Recommendations for policymakers, stakeholders, and civil society
organizations to address the challenges posed by population
growth and ensure a better quality of life for all citizens.
KEY AREAS OF FOCUS TO CONTROL POPULATION
1. Education and awareness: Strategies to promote education,
particularly among women and girls, and raise awareness about
family planning and reproductive health.
2. Family planning and reproductive health: Initiatives to improve
access to family planning services, reproductive health education,
and maternal healthcare.
3. Women's empowerment: Programs to promote women's economic
empowerment, social participation, and decision-making authority.
4. Governance and policy: Recommendations for policymakers to
address the challenges posed by population growth and ensure
sustainable development.
CONCLUSION
Population growth in India is a complex and multifaceted issue.
India must prioritize population control and stabilization to ensure
a better future for its citizens.
Ultimately, managing population growth in India requires a long-
term vision, political will, and collective action. By working
together, we can ensure a brighter future for India's growing
population and contribute to a more sustainable and equitable
world for all.
REFERENCES
pwonlyias.com
civilsdailyias.com
https://mohfw.gov.in/
https://byjus.com/ias/
