Practical No.
Aim :
Read any image. Display the histogram, Equalized histogram, and image with equalized
histogram
Objective:
To learn to plot image in the form histogram and apply histogram equalization.
Theory:
What we can explore from Histogram? Why Histogram equalization.
We can deduce a great deal about the appearance of the image from its histogram
i) In a dark image, the gray levels would be clustered at lower ends
ii) In an uniformly bright image, the gray levels would be clustered at the upper end
iii) In a well contrasted image, the gray levels would be well spred out over much of the image.
Applications:
For image enhancement
a) Displaying Histogram of input image:
1.Read and load the input RGB image.
2.Convert the image to grayscale using the cv2.cvtColor() function.
3.Obtain the histogram of the grayscale image using the cv2.calcHist() function. Set the
following parameters:
Input image
Channels: [0] (since the image is grayscale).
Mask: None (since we require the histogram of the entire image and not a specific
part).
histSize: [256] (represents the bin count; 256 in case of grayscale image).
range: [0, 256] (the range of values that a pixel can have).
4. Plot the histogram using the matplotlib library.
Histogram :
The histogram of an image is a plot of the number of occurrences of gray levels in the image
against gray level values. Histograms are the basis for numerous spatial domain processing
techniques. It plays an important role in enhancement of perceived brightness and contrast
of an image. It specifies the number of pixels having each gray level, but gives no hint as to
where those pixels are located within the image. The histogram of an N × M image is defined as
the percentage of pixels within the image at a given gray level
Histogram Equalization :
The histogram technique that is used to enhance the brightness and contrast of an image is
histogram equalization. The goal of histogram equalization is to distribute the gray levels
withinan image so that every gray level is equally likely to occur. In other words, histogram
equalization takes an histogram and produces a new image with a histogram
that is uniformly distributed. Histogram equalization will increase the brightness and contrast of
a dark and low contrast image, making features observable that were not visible in the original
image. Since
of gray levels, all images will have approximately the same brightness and contrast, hence
allowing images to be compared equally without a bias due to perceived contrast and brightness
differences.
Procedure:
1. Read and load the grayscale image generated in the previous step.
2. Obtain the equalized histogram of the grayscale image using the cv2.equalizeHist() function.
3. Obtain the corresponding histogram which can be displayed for the equalized histogram using
the cv2.calcHist() function. Set the parameters as set above.
4. Plot the equalized histogram using the matplotlib library
5. Display the image corresponding to the equalized histogram using cv2 library.
Conclusion:
We have successfully read the image and display the histogram, Equalized histogram,and image
with equalized histogram
