BIRSA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
AGRICULTURE COLLEGE GARHWA
Crop Production Technology Kharif
Crops-1
AGRON211 2(1+1
Topic: Package of Practices for Rice
Submitted to:- Dr. Jaya Bharti
Dr. Sulochna Submitted By :- Nirdosh Moti Tirkey
Roll.no:- AGG042303(2023-24)
Rice Package and Practices
Welcome to our presentation on the rice package and its crucial practices.
We will guide you through the essential components and best practices for
successful rice cultivation.
Introduction to Oryza Sativa
Overview of Rice:
⚬ Oryza sativa, commonly known as rice, is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, feeding
over half of the global population. It belongs to the family Poaceae (grass family) and is cultivated
extensively in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Its significance extends beyond its role as
a food source—it is deeply embedded in the culture, traditions, and economies of many countries.
⚬ There are two primary species of rice:
￭ Oryza sativa (Asian rice): The most commonly cultivated species, grown worldwide.
￭ Oryza glaberrima (African rice): A species that is native to West Africa but is less widespread
than O. sativa.
• Importance:
￭ Food Security: Rice is essential for food security globally, especially in Asia where it's a major
part of the daily diet.
￭ Nutritional Value: It provides carbohydrates, some proteins, and small amounts of essential
vitamins and minerals. However, it lacks sufficient levels of certain nutrients, such as Vitamin A,
which is why rice diets are often supplemented with other foods.
• Global Rice Consumption:
￭ Over 3.5 billion people rely on rice as a primary source of calories.
￭ It is used in various forms such as white rice, brown rice, and rice flour for cooking, as well as in
beverages (e.g., rice milk).
Package Of Practices For Rice
Seed Selection Land Preparation Water Management Nutrient Management
Choosing the right rice Proper land preparation Rice requires a consistent Rice plants need adequate
variety is crucial for
ensures optimal rice growth. supply of water. Efficient nutrients for growth. Proper
successful cultivation.
Factors like yield This involves tilling, leveling, irrigation practices are fertilization ensures optimal
potential, disease and ensuring proper essential, balancing water yields and prevents
resistance, and maturity
period are key drainage. Plowing the land is needs while minimizing deficiencies.
considerations. vital for proper water waste.
management and nutrient
absorption by the roots.
Seed Selection and
Preparation
1 Variety 2 Quality
Selecting a variety that is Ensuring that the seeds are
compatible with the specific healthy and free from
climate and soil conditions is diseases or pests is vital for
crucial. Local varieties often a successful crop.
outperform introduced ones.
Eg- Indica Rice, Japonica Rice
3 Seed Treatment
Treating seeds with fungicides or pesticides protects them from
diseases and pests, ensuring a healthy start.
Land Preparation and Sowing
Objectives of Land Preparation c. Puddling
Puddling is the process of creating a soft, muddy layer in
• Weed Control: Eliminates weeds and other unwanted vegetation.
the soil by adding water and plowing.
Benefits of puddling:
• Water Management: Ensures uniform water distribution across the field.
Reduces water loss by sealing soil cracks.
Suppresses weed growth.
• Soil Aeration: Improves soil structure for better root growth.
Improves transplanting efficiency.
To puddle:
• Nutrient Incorporation: Mixes organic matter and fertilizers into the soil.
Flood the field with water.
Steps in Land Preparation Plow the soil until it becomes a uniform muddy
a. Clearing the Land layer.
Remove any debris, previous crop residues, and large weeds from the field.
In areas with heavy weed infestation, use mechanical tools or herbicides. d. Levelling
Leveling ensures uniform water distribution and prevents
waterlogging or dry patches.
b. Plowing
Use a wooden or laser leveler for precise results.
Plow the field to loosen the soil, improve aeration, and destroy weeds.
Benefits of leveling:
Plowing depth should be around 15-20 cm to turn over the soil effectively.
Saves water during irrigation.
Use appropriate tools based on farm size:
Promotes uniform seedling growth.
Small Fields: Hand plows or animal-drawn plows.
Large Fields: Tractor-driven plows or disc harrows.
Irrigation and Water
Management
1 Flooding
Rice requires a consistently flooded environment. Flooding
provides essential moisture and supports the growth of rice
plants.
2 Drainage
Regular drainage prevents waterlogging, which can hinder root
growth and lead to disease development.
3 Water Management Techniques
Water management practices include intermittent irrigation, water-
saving irrigation systems, and maintaining proper water levels.
Nutrient Management
Nitrogen Phosphorus
Nitrogen is essential for leaf Phosphorus promotes root
growth and the production of development, flowering, and
chlorophyll. It's vital for healthy grain formation. It's important
plants and maximizing yield. for strong plants and robust
yields.
Potassium
Potassium enhances disease resistance and strengthens stems,
reducing lodging (plants falling over) and improving grain quality.
Pest and Disease Control
Insect Pests
Common pests include leafhoppers, stem borers, and weevils. Proper identification is vital
for effective control.
Fungal Diseases
Diseases like blast, sheath blight, and brown spot can damage plants. Early detection and
prevention are crucial.
Weeds
Weeds compete with rice plants for nutrients and water, reducing yield. Regular weeding is
essential for healthy growth.
Harvesting and Post-Harvest Handling
Harvesting Drying Storing
Harvesting is done when the rice grains Once harvested, rice is dried to reduce Proper storage is essential for
are fully mature, typically indicated by moisture content, preventing spoilage maintaining the quality of rice and
changes in color and grain hardness. and ensuring proper storage. Drying preventing damage from pests or
Harvesting involves cutting the rice methods can be natural sun drying or moisture. The stored rice should be
plants, ensuring they are dry, and artificial drying. kept in a clean, dry, and well-ventilated
storing them properly. This step is environment. Maintaining the quality of
crucial for maintaining the quality of the rice is essential for its longevity
the rice. and value.
Conclusion and
Recommendations
Following a well-structured rice package, combined with careful practices,
can lead to successful rice cultivation and ensure optimal yields. Continue
learning and adapting to new methods, and embrace sustainable practices
to maintain the health of the environment and the quality of your rice.
