The document provides calculations for the quantities of lime and soda needed to soften various volumes of water with specified impurities and coagulants. It also includes calculations related to the regeneration of zeolite softeners and the hardness of water treated. Additionally, it addresses the cost of lime and soda for softening large volumes of water.
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Water Hardness Problems
The document provides calculations for the quantities of lime and soda needed to soften various volumes of water with specified impurities and coagulants. It also includes calculations related to the regeneration of zeolite softeners and the hardness of water treated. Additionally, it addresses the cost of lime and soda for softening large volumes of water.
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ter Technology 73
27. Calculate the quantities of lime and soda required for softening 300,000 litres of water, using
20 ppm of sodium aluminate as a coagulant. Impurities in water are as follows: |
Ca** = 160 ppm; Mg” = 96 ppm; HCO; = 403 ppm, dissolved CO, = 34 ppm.
(L= 176.6 kg; $ = 149.4 keg.)
28, Calculate the quantities of lime (Ca(OH), and soda (anhyd. Na,CO,) required for cold softening
of 125,000 L of water with the following analysis, using 10 ppm of sodium aluminate as coagulant:
Analysis of raw water: Ca”* = 95 ppm; Mg** = 36 ppm, CO, = 66 ppm; HCO; = 264 ppm; H* =
2ppm.
Analysis of treated water: CO2
= 45 ppm; OH = 34 ppm; (L = 65.7 kg; S= 59.1 kg.)
9. Calculate the amount of lime and soda required to soften 10,000 litres of water containing the
following ions per litre: Mg”* = 4.8 mg; Ca®* = 16.0 mg; HCO; = 73.2 mg. — (L= 592 g3 S= Nil)
0. Calculate the cost of lime and soda required for softening 1 million litres of water cdntaining:
(MgHCO,), = 73 mg/l; MgSO, = 120 mg/l; CaSO, = 68 mg/l; CaCl, = 111 mg/l. The cost of lime of
80% purity is 2200 per metric tonne and that of soda of 90% purity is 12,000 per metric tonne.
(®3,570)
ied on Zeolite Process of Water Softening
A zeolite softener was completely exhausted and was regenerated by passing 100 litres of sodium
chloride solution, containing 120 g/L of NaCl. How many litres of a sample of water of hardness
500 ppm can be softenéd by this softener? (20,512 L)
‘The total hardness of 1,000 litres of water was completely removed by a zeolite softener. The
zeolite softener required 30 litres of sodium chloride solution, containing 15 g/litre of NaCl for
regeneration. Calculate the hardness of water. (884.6 ppm)
10,000 litres of hard water was softened by zeolite process. The zeolite required a total amount
of 8 litres of NaC! solution containing 150 g/L of NaCl for regeneration. Calculate the hardness
of water. (102.5 ppm)
‘A completely exhausted zeolite softener requires 120 litres of NaCl solution having 100 gil of
NaCl. How many litres of water having hardness 500 ppm can be softened by the zeolite?
(20,518 1)
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