Solution

Class 09 - Science

A) Laws of Motion 1
1. (c) force
Explanation: Fireman holds a hose by exerting a force because equal and opposite force acts on him. To
counter that force he needs to hold the hose with force.
2. (a) decrease the mass to half
Explanation: Acceleration = force / mass
If force is to be kept constant then, mass must be reduced to half to make acceleration double.
3. (d) Newton’s third law of motion
Explanation: Inflated balloon lying on the surface of a floor moves forward when pierced with a pin due
to Newton’s third law of motion. The air coming out of the balloon forces the balloon in the opposite
direction.
4. (d) a cup of tea
Explanation: Inertia is directly proportional to mass and one which poses least resistance also possess
least inertia.
5. (b) Non-zero force
Explanation: Any object which face non zero force will have some change in speed if the body is at rest or
moving. So it is not possible to travel with constant speed. The forces can do work against each other. For
example, you could push the object at constant speed over a rough surface. The net force on the object is
zero.
6. (c) (A), (C) and (D) are correct
Explanation: Statement (B) is wrong as when you drop a ball from a height gravity provides acceleration.
Also, the frictional force is a retarding force while gravitational force may be retarding or accelerating. The
frictional force is a contact force whereas gravitational force acts from distance like from height.
7. (d) decrease the rate of change of momentum
Explanation: The goalkeeper pulls his hands backwards after holding the ball to decrease the rate of
change of momentum by increasing the time. By doing this, less force is exerted on his hands (v Force is
directly proportional to the rate of change of momentum).
8. (b) 5 m/s
m×v
Explanation: lF =
t

10 ×v
10 =
5
50
v = = 5m/s
10

9. (b) force
Explanation: Newton's Second Law: The rate of change of momentum of an object is directly proportional
to the resultant force applied and is in the direction of the resultant force. The resultant force is equal to
the rate of change of momentum.
10. (b) momentum
Explanation:
Momentum remains conserved in absence of any external force. Momentum is the product of the mass and
velocity of an object. It is a three-dimensional vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a direction.
11. (b) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
Explanation:
Newton's First Law of Motion: Any object remains in the state of rest or in uniform motion along a
straight line until it is compelled to change the state by applying the external force.
Newton's Second Law of Motion: The rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the
force applied in the direction of the force.
Newton's Third Law of Motion: There is an equal and opposite reaction for every action.

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 Galileo Galilei: Galileo first of all said that objects move with a constant speed when no forces act
on them. This means if an object is moving on a frictionless path and no other force is acting upon it,
the object would be moving forever. That is there is no unbalanced force working on the object.
12. (c) velocity
Explanation: The velocity of the body falling towards depends upon gravitational force acting on it. So,
both the body of masses 1 kg and 5 kg will have the same velocity at a particular height and fall at the same
time at the ground.
13. (b) their sum on/by a body is zero
Explanation: According to Newton's 3rd law of motion, action and reaction are of equal magnitude and
directed in the opposite direction.
e.g if action force Fab and reaction force Fba
then, Fab + Fba = 0

14. (c) qualitative

Explanation: Qualitative because the first law of motion states that- an object at rest stays at rest and an
object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
15. (d) move forwards
Explanation: Water moves forward due to inertia of motion. Inertia is an inherent property of an object to
resist any change in its state of rest or of uniformmotion.
16. (a) moves with constant velocity
Explanation: If an object experiences a net-zero unbalanced force, then the body moves with constant
velocity. Zero unbalanced forces produce no acceleration in the body and the body continues to move with
the same velocity.
17. (c) increase the time to slow down
Explanation: To increase the time to slow down so that jerk is minimised and injury is avoided.
18. (c) Both statement A and B are true
Explanation: The rocket contains fuel as well as oxygen to burn its fuel as combustion takes place only in
the presence of oxygen. A jet plane is filled with hydrogen only and it takes oxygen from the atmosphere to
burn its fuel. So, both statements are true.
19. (a) Third law of motion
Explanation: By using Newton’s third law of motion, he can get himself to shore. When the person pushes
forward, the reaction force offered by the ice is very little. But, this reaction force will help him to move
forward. Hence, Newton's Third Law will help him to reach the shore.
20. (c) All have equal inertia
Explanation: Inertia is directly proportional to mass, hence all the above given objects will have equal
inertia.
21. (b) 1000 N
10
Explanation: Mass of bullet = 10 g = 1000
kg.
initial velocity (u) = 0 and final velocity (v) = 300 m/s.
time (t) = 0.003 s
(mv−mu)
F= t
(0.1×300−0.01×0)
= 0.003
(3−0)
= 0.003
3
=
0.003

= 1000 N
22. (c) 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
Explanation: Units of-
force- Newton
momentum- kg m/s

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 acceleration is caused due to unbalanced force acting on the body.
rocket works on the principle of Newton's third law of motion
23. (b) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
Explanation:
Inertia depends on the mass of object.
Friction is a necessary evil because neither movement of bodies not holding anybody would have
been possible without friction.
Momentum can be given as the product of mass and velocity.
Force can be defined as the rate of change of momentum.
24. (d) statement A
Explanation: The branch of mathematics, called Calculus was stated by Newton. Force is the product of
f orce
mass and acceleration. So, acceleration = mass
. Doubling of force will double the acceleration if the mass is
kept the same.
25. (a) Newton's third law
Explanation: Newton's third law of motion is: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
26. (a) three
Explanation: Types of Inertia
Inertia of rest: In it a body can’t change its state of rest by itself.
Inertia of motion: In it a body can’t change its state of motion by itself.
Inertia of direction: In it a body can’t change its direction on its own moving in uniform motion.
27. (c) 0 N
Explanation: According to the first law of motion, an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion
stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced
external force
28. (a) Newton
Explanation: The newton (symbol: N) is the International System of Units (SI) derived unit of force. It is
named after Isaac Newton in recognition of his work on classical mechanics, specifically Newton's second
law of motion.
29. (c) your school bag
Explanation: Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion. This
includes changes to the object's speed, direction, or state of rest. Inertia is proportional to mass. Big masses
resist changing their motion more than smaller masses. Schoolbag has the largest inertia because the
heavier body has larger inertia.
30. (c) to resists any change in its state of motion
Explanation: Inertia resists any change in its state of motion.It is a property of matter by which it
continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that the state is changed by
any external force.

31. (d) 6.67 ms-2

5N 5N
Explanation: m1 = −2
= 0.5 kg, m2 = −2
= 0.25 kg
10ms 20ms

Total mass = 0.5 + 0.25 = 0.75 kg.

5N
Acceleration produced when both masses are tied together = 0.75kg
kg

= 6.67 ms-2.
32. (c) accelerated
Explanation: Coin falls behind due to inertia of motion.Inertia is an inherent property of an object to
resist any change in its state of rest or of uniform motion.
33. (b) change in momentum
Explanation: Momentum is mass in motion, and any moving object can have momentum. An object's
change in momentum is equal to its impulse.

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34. (b) conserve
Explanation: Gun recoil results from the conservation of the total momentum of the bullet-gun system.
The backward recoil gun momentum balances the forward bullet momentum to maintain zero total
momentum.
35. (b) Cumulative frequency distribution
Explanation: Cumulative frequency is used to determine the number of observations that lie above (or
below) a particular value in a data set. The cumulative frequency is calculated using a frequency
distribution table, which can be constructed directly from the data.
The cumulative frequency is calculated by adding each frequency from a frequency distribution table to
the sum of its predecessors. The last value will always be equal to the total for all observations since all
frequencies will already have been added to the previous total.
36. (b) always act on different bodies in opposite directions
Explanation: According to Newton's 3rd law of motion , action and reaction are of equal magnitude and
directed in opposite direction.
37. (b) 8 N
Explanation: In the given problem,
Mass of gun =20kg ; velocity of bullet =400m/s
mass of the bullet = 20g = 0.02 kg
F= change in momentum/ time taken
For t = 1sec.
F= m× v /t
=400× 0.02/1
=8N
38. (a) inertia
Explanation: Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion. This
includes changes to the object's speed, direction, or state of rest.
39. (c) two
Explanation: Force is directly proportional to the acceleration.
40. (a) 12.5 N
m×v 5 × 10 50
Explanation: F =
t
=
4
=
4
= 12.5 N

41. (d) third law of motion

Explanation: The jet engine sucks air in at the front with a fan. A compressor raises the pressure of the
air. The compressor is made with many blades attached to a shaft. The blades spin at high speed and
compress or squeeze the air. The compressed air is then sprayed with fuel and an electric spark lights the
mixture. The burning gases expand and blast out through the nozzle, at the back of the engine. As the jets
of gas shoot backward, the engine and the aircraft are thrust forward (Newton's third law of motion).
42. (d) 4
F×t 12×1
Explanation: v =
mass
=
3
= 4m/s

P
43. (c) F =
t
P
Explanation: F =
t
because momentum can be given as the product of the force applied and time.

44. (b) both A and B

Explanation: The rocket moves forward according to newton’s third law of motion. The gas and other
substance coming out from the tail push the rocket in the forward direction. Newton’s laws are universal.
45. (d) motion
Explanation: Momentum (p) = mass × velocity. or Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion."
46. (a) v/3
Explanation: Due to the conservation of momentum a collision between two bodies, the total momentum
of the colliding bodies before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.
m1v1= m2v2

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47. (c) its magnitude and direction
Explanation: A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (which includes beginning
moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A
force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
48. (d) 1000 N
Explanation: The force acting on a body is equal to rate of change of momentum. Change of momentum =
10
10 Kg/s, time taken = 0.01 second. Force = 0.01
= 1000 N.
49. (c) momentum
Explanation: The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of
the object.
50. (b) 6 m/s
Explanation: If v2 = x
Since momentum must be conserved, so,
m1u1 + m2 u2 = m1v1 + m2v2
5 × 3 + 3 × 10 = 3 × 5 + 5 × X
15 + 30 = 15 + 5X
5X = 45-15 = 30
30
X= 5
= 6 m/s

51. (b) 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A

Explanation:
Frictional force is a contact force that opposes the motion of a body.
The force which is just enough to bring about change in state and tend a body to motion is called
limiting force of friction.
The force of friction which is just sufficient to make a body slide over any surface is called sliding
friction.
rolling friction acts upon when a body rolls over any surface.
52. (b) zero
Explanation: No reaction occurs between the ball and the base of the cup.
53. (b) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
Explanation:
An unbalanced force cause change in the state of motion i.e. acceleration in a body.
Inertia has an approach to remain conserved.
Grease reduces friction which may lead to wear and tear of machine parts.
Force can be defined as the rate of change of momentum.

54. (c) 6 m/s2

Explanation: For the first body,
F = m1a1
So, 5 = m1 × 8
5
So, m1 = kg
8

For second body,

F = m2a2
So, 5 = m2 × 24
5
So, m2 = kg
24

Combined mass of both bodies, m1 + m2

5 5 20
= 8
+ 24
= 24
kg
20
Now, m = kg
24

F = 5N
a=?

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 F = ma
20
So, 5 = 24
× a
24
So, a = 5 × 20

So, a = 6m/s2
55. (b) N-s
Explanation: If we multiply the force acting on an object by the time it is acting for this is called the
impulse of a force. Impulse is a vector quantity and its unit is the kilogram meter per second (kgms-1) or
the newton second (Ns).
56. (b) isolated
Explanation: Force can not generate in a body on its own.
57. (d) 0.5
Explanation: Impulse can also be expressed as the rate of change of momentum.
And Momentum= force × time =5 × 0.1
=0.5 kg m/s
58. (b) N - s
Explanation: The Newton second (also newton-second, symbol Ns or N·s)is the derived SI unit of
Momentum. It is dimensionally equivalent to the momentum unit kilogram metre per second (kgm/s). One
newton second corresponds to a one-newton force applied for one second.
⃗
F . t = Δmv ⃗

59. (a) inertia

Explanation: Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its state of motion. This
includes changes to the object's speed, direction, or state of rest. Inertia will result in falling off the bag
from the top of the van.

60. (c) 0.5 m/s2

Explanation: F= m × a
a= F/m
So, a= 0.5 m/s2

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