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Solution of Beam Structure Analysis Using SAP2000
Article in International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology · January 2023
DOI: 10.55524/ijircst.2023.11.1.13
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST)
ISSN: 2347-5552, Volume-11, Issue-1, January 2023
https://doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2023.11.1.13
Article ID IRP1358, Pages 62-67
www.ijircst.org
Solution of Beam Structure Analysis Using SAP2000
Samsul A Rahman Sidik Hasibuan1, and Annisa Adika Qolby2
1,2
Department of Civil Engineering, Medan Area University, Medan, Indonesia
Copyright © 2023 Made Samsul A Rahman Sidik Hasibuan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
ABSTRACT- The beam structure is an essential Static equilibrium equations can calculate support reactions
structural element for construction professionals, and most as long as the structure belongs to a specific static system.
engineers should be familiar with beams. The type of beam In general, the calculation of support reactions in a design is
structure discussed in this paper is a simple beam structure. necessary and must be carried out before calculating the
Calculating the forces and structural deformations forces and deformations of the structure. Calculating the
numerically takes longer and require good accuracy. In this strengths and structural deformations numerically takes
increasingly sophisticated era, various kinds of software are longer and require good accuracy. In this increasingly
available, one of which is SAP2000, which can be used to sophisticated era, various kinds of software are available,
obtain internal forces and structural deformations quickly one of which is SAP2000 [5] which can be used to obtain
and accurately. In this paper, a simple beam structure is internal forces and structural deformations quickly and
modeled and analyzed using SAP2000 software. This paper accurately. Structural analysis software is divided into two
aims to provide solutions for analyzing structures, categories: general-purpose software [6] and design-
especially simple beams. Manual calculations will also oriented software [6–9].
validate this paper according to the requirements of static General-purpose software is used for various scientific and
balance. Furthermore, the analysis results using SAP2000 engineering purposes. SAP2000 is software used to analyze
software and manual calculations have been obtained and building structures and has been widely used worldwide.
validated. The analysis results showed that the values This program results from a research and development team
obtained did not significantly differ. So it can be concluded led by Professor Edward L. Wilson from the University of
that structural analysis with SAP2000 software can be a fast California for more than 25 years [10]. In this paper, a
and accurate solution. simple beam structure is modeled and analyzed using
SAP2000 software. This paper aims to provide solutions for
KEYWORDS- beam structural, simple beam, SAP2000. analyzing structures, especially simple beams. Manual
calculations will also validate this paper according to the
I. INTRODUCTION requirements of static balance.
The beam structure is an important structural element for
construction professionals, and most engineers should be II. METHODS
familiar with beams. This structure plays an important role In this paper, a simple beam structure is modeled and
in transferring weight and ensures that the building's analyzed using the SAP2000 software [10–15]. Then the
foundation is firmly planted in the ground. The most case study to be completed is shown in Figure 2. The steps
common types of beam structures include simple beams, of modeling and analysis with SAP2000 software are
cantilever beams, beams with fixed ends, continuous offered in a flow chart in Figure 3. The data used in the
beams, and others. The beam structure is essential to modeling and analysis are as follows:
understand in construction and structural engineering 1) Uniform loads (q) = 3 t/m;
because the beam is the first to carry the load of a building. 2) Concentrated loads (P) = 5 ton;
The type of beam structure discussed in this paper is a 3) Frame element = default software.
simple beam structure.
Simple beam structure analysis is a scientific discipline that
studies the forces and shifts that occur in a structure due to
the loads acting on the structure [1]. A simple beam
structure is an element supported by hinge supports and
roller supports at both ends. The pedestal is where the
construction rests, and the reaction takes place. The type of
base affects the type of construction because each type of
base has its characteristics. In the structural analysis, it is
known that there are three types of supports; namely,
connection supports, roller supports, and clamp supports.
Because the load acting on the beam is simple, there will be
two support reactions in the joint and one support reaction Figure 1: Case study
on the rollers. In terms of static equilibrium [2] there are
three equations, namely Fx = 0, Fy = 0, and Mz = 0 [3],[4].
Innovative Research Publication 62
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST)
Start
File Define Draw
Draw Frame
New Model Section Properties
Element
Edit Grid Data Frame Sections
Assign
Frame Loads Joint Loads Joint
Distributed Forces Restraints
Analyze
Run Analysis
End
Figure 2: Flow chart
Next, the steps for running the SAP2000 software are loads and concentrated loads.
shown to analyze simple beam structures with uniform
1) Select file > new model (Figure 4)
Figure 4: File > new model
2) Select unit > grid only > edit grid data (Figure 5)
Figure 5: Grid only > edit grid data
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST)
3) Set view > select axis XZ (Figure 6)
Figure 6: Set view > select axis XZ
4) Select draw > draw frame/cable/tendon > draw frame (Figure 7)
Figure 7: Draw > draw frame/cable/tendon
5) Click the left end of the support grid point > assign > joint > restraints > select hinge support. Repeat the same steps to
make the roller support at the right end (Figure 8)
Figure 8: Grid point support > assign > joint > restraints
6) Click frame > assign > frame loads > distributed > input value of uniform loads (Figure 9)
Figure 9: Frame > assign > frame loads > uniform loads
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International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST)
7) Click frame > assign > joint loads > joint forces > input value of concentrated loads (Figure 10)
Figure 10: Frame > assign > joint loads > joint forces
8) Click analyze > run analysis > run now > save (Figure 11)
9)
Figure 11: analyze > run analysis
10) Click display > show forces/stresses > frame/cable > select moment 3-3 for BMD and shear 2-2 for SFD and reactions
to hinges and roller supports (Figure 12)
Figure 12: Internal forces output
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the SAP2000 software. The results of the study are shown
in the form of equivalent loads (Figure 13), shear force
A. Results diagrams (Figure 14), and bending moment diagrams
A simple beam structure analysis has been obtained using (Figure 15).
Innovative Research Publication 65
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology (IJIRCST)
Figure 13: Equivalent Load
Figure 14: Shear force diagram
Figure 15: Bending moment diagram
Furthermore, the results obtained from SAP2000 are calculations that have been adjusted to the requirements of
recapitulated and validated with the results of manual static equilibrium (Table 1).
Table 1: Validation of results
SFD BMD
Rs Rr
j1 j2 j3 j4 x x2 max x4 x8 x9,5
SAP2000 10,3 6,3 10,3 -1,8 -6,3 0 0 14,5 17,5 17 9,4 0
Manual 10,7 8 10,7 -1,3 -5,4 0 0 15,6 19,1 18 8,2 0
Note:
1) SFD is a shear force diagram;
2) BMD is bending moment diagram;
3) Rs is the reaction at the hinge support;
4) Rr is the reaction at the roller support;
5) j1, j2, etc. are joints at point 1, point 2, etc;
6) x0, x2, etc
B. Discussion REFERENCES
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