Help Desk Interview Questions

Q02. How to do troubleshooting in Service desk

We have to do troubleshooting in steps wise. Go throw with the Below steps.
Step 1: Define the problem The first step of solving any problem is to know what type of
problem it is and define it well. …
Step 2: Collect relevant information You need to gather all the available information about
the machine and its operations. …
Step 3: Analyze collected data …
Step 4: Propose a solution and test it …
Step 5: Implement the solution
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Q03. What is ITIL in Service Desk?
Ans: ITIL stands for “Information Technology Infrastructure Library” is the world’s most
widely used IT Service Management framework. ITIL gives direction to an organization and
people to utilize IT as a tool to encourage business change, transformation, and
development. The goal is to improve efficiency and achieve predictable service levels.
Q04. What would you do if the customer does not understand what you are trying to
explain?
Ans: The best thing here to do is to repeat the question and see if the person understands
you. If they don’t understand, I will transfer my call to another assistant who can help them
with their issue.
Q05.What do you know about Microsoft office 365 in Service Desk?
Ans: Microsoft Office 365 is a subscription-based service and can be accessed through the
Internet. It does not use the space on your computer as it is not stored there. It is possible to
run SaaS applications in the Cloud, however, this doesn’t make them a Cloud.
Q06.Have you seen the blue screen of death?
Ans: The blue screen of death will display the stoop or fatal error message which indicates
the windows have become unstable and stops immediately.
Q07. Why did you leave your previous job?
Ans: Sir/mam, it’s a career move. I have learned a lot from my past job. But now, I am
focused on a new challenge.
Q08. What is Bit locker?
Ans: BitLocker is a full volume encryption feature included with Microsoft Windows versions
starting with Windows Vista. It is designed to protect data by providing encryption for entire
volumes. By default, it uses the AES encryption algorithm in cipher block chaining or XTS
mode with a 128-bit or 256-bit key
Q09. What is SCCM?
Ans: Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM) is a Windows product that
enables the management, deployment and security of devices and applications across an
enterprise. Amongst other potential uses, administrators will commonly use SCCM for
endpoint protection, patch management and software distribution.
Q10. Difference between 32 BIT and 64 BIT.
Ans: When it comes to computers, the difference between 32-bit and a 64-bit is all about
processing power. Computers with 32-bit processors are older, slower, and less secure, while
a 64-bit processor is newer, faster, and more secure
Q11. What is Domain?
Ans: Domain name is the address of your website that people type in the browser URL bar
to visit your website. In simple terms, if your website was a house, then your domain name
will be its address.
Q12. What is safe mode? What is the use of safe mode?
Ans: Safe mode is a diagnostic mode of a computer operating system (OS). It can also refer
to a mode of operation by application software. Safe mode is intended to help fix most, if
not all, problems within an operating system. It is also widely used for removing rogue
security software.
Q13. How to configure network printer?
Ans: This is also very important question in Service Desk Click on the Start button, and
then select Devices and Printers.
1. In the Devices and Printers window, click on Add a printer.
2. In the Add Printer window, click on the option Add a local printer.
3. Select Create a new port, and then select Standard TCP/IP Port from the drop-down
menu. …
4. Enter the IP address of your printer.
5. Connect
Q14. What is Active Directory? What activities we can perform in active directory in
Service Desk?
Ans: Active Directory (AD) is Microsoft’s proprietary directory service. It runs on Windows
Server and enables administrators to manage permissions and access to network
resources. Active Directory stores data as objects. An object is a single element, such as a
user, group, application or device such as a printer.
Q15. Is it possible to recover deleted file or folder from one drive in O365?
Ans: If you accidentally delete a file or folder in OneDrive, you may be able to recover it later
from the OneDrive recycle bin. … In the navigation pane, select Recycle bin. Select the files
or folders you want to restore by pointing to each item and clicking the circle check box that
appears, and then click Restore.
Q16. Explain on PING Command?
Ans: The ping command is a Command Prompt command used to test the ability of the
source computer to reach a specified destination computer. … The ping command operates
by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo Request messages to the
destination computer and waiting for a response.
Q17. What is IP address and how to check IP.
Ans:- IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local
network. IP stands for “Internet Protocol,” which is the set of rules governing the format of
data sent via the internet or local network. An IP address is a string of numbers separated by
periods. Service desk employee should know that IP addresses are expressed as a set of four
numbers — an example address might be 192.158.1.38. Each number in the set can range
from 0 to 255. So, the full IP addressing range goes from 0.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255.
How to Check IP address in any computer.
The Windows Command Prompt tool can also help you get your public IP address. Here’s
how to find your external IP address with Command Prompt.
1. Open the Start menu and type cmd.
2. Enter the following command into the Command Prompt and press Enter: Ipconfig
Q18. What is operating system.
An Operating System (OS) is a software that acts as an interface between computer
hardware components and the user. Every computer system must have at least one
operating system to run other programs. Applications like Browsers, MS Office, Notepad
Games, etc., need some environment to run and perform its tasks.
Q19. If you get 404 page not found error, then what will you do as a service desk engineer
?
Ans: A 404 error is an HTTP status code that means that the page you were trying to reach
on a website couldn’t be found on their server. To be clear, the error indicates that while the
server itself is reachable, the specific page showing the error is not. 404 Not Found error
messages are frequently customized by individual websites. So, keep in mind that the error
might show up in just about any way imaginable depending on what website it’s shown
from.
Technically, an Error 404 is a client-side error, implying that it’s your mistake, either because
you typed the URL incorrectly or the page has been moved or removed from the
website and you should have known. Another possibility is if a website has moved a page or
resource but did so without redirecting the old URL to the new one. When that happens,
you’ll receive a 404 error instead of being automatically routed to the new page.
How to Fix the 404 Not Found Error

Q20. What do you mean by the Service desk?

Ans: The service help desk is a kind of technical support provided by organizations to help
the users related to any queries. This is considered as a single point contact, the user may
contact them online or offline.
Q21. What do you do if your PC doesn’t turn on in one go?
Ans: First and foremost, you need to check the cable connection and electricity supply first,
and if you find no problem with them, finally you should report the problem to the IT
department of the company.
• Social: Missing social markup!
Q22. What do you know about Microsoft Office 365?
Ans: This is also very important questions in service desk. Microsoft office is one of the
windows products available on a subscription-based service. This can be accessed through
the internet and one advantage is that it does not use the space on your personal computer
if you are not stored there. You can also run the SaaS applications in the cloud service and
this doesn’t make them a cloud application.
Q23. How should you handle a caller who refuses to calm down?
Ans: This is a fairly common question that arises during the interview. If you are an
experienced professional in help desk professionals, this question is mainly intended to test
your patience, your tolerance skills, and most importantly you should have the ability to
keep your cool in stressful and demanding situations.
Q24.What is DNS?
Ans: DNS Stands for Domain name system. Domain name system in service desk, the system
that automatically translates internet addresses to the numeric machine addresses that
computers use. The domain name system (DNS) is a naming database in which internet
domain names are located and translated into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses. The domain
name system maps the name people use to locate a website to the IP address that a
computer uses to locate that website
Q25. What is DHCP ?
Ans: DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. The Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol is a network management protocol used on Internet Protocol
networks for automatically assigning IP addresses and other communication parameters to
devices connected to the network using a client–server architecture.
Example: Suppose you have a computer lab of 150 Computers, and you want to assign the
IP Address in all computers. So, you will assign IP Manually, and it will take so much time
and also chances for duplicate Ip but if you will use DHCP then you can assign the Ip of all
150 computers at time with in second, and all Ip will be unique. There are not any chance
for duplicate Ip.
Q26. Difference between Static and Dynamic IP address.
Ans: IP stands for Internet Protocol. IP address may be a distinctive numerical symbol
allotted to every device on a network to spot each affiliation unambiguously.
Q27. Difference Between SSD and HDD
Ans: What is a Solid State Drive (SSD)?
Solid State Drive (SSD) is a non-volatile storage device that stores and retrieves data
constantly on solid-state flash memory. However, this data is stored on interconnected flash
memory chips instead of platters, which makes them faster than HDDs. It provides better
performance compared to HDD.
What is a Hard Disk Drive (HDD)?
An HDD uses magnetism, which allows you to store data on a rotating platter. It has a
read/write head that floats above the spinning platter for Reading and Writing of the data.
The faster the platter spins, the quicker an HDD can perform. HDD also consists of an I/O
controller and firmware, which tells the hardware what to do and communicates with the
remaining system. The full form of HDD is Hard Disk Drive.
SSD Vs HDD Speed
In terms of speed, SSDs are much faster than HDDs because SSDs does not have electrical
circuitry and moving parts as HDD. A typical 7200 RPM HDD can deliver read/write speed of
80 to 160 MB/s while a typical SSD can deliver read/write speed of 200 to 550 MB/s which
makes it an ideal choice for better performance.
Q28. What is SLA in Service Desk?
Ans: SLA Stands for “Service Level Agreement” A service level agreement (SLA) refers to a
legally binding contract between the service provider and one or more clients that lays down
the specific terms and agreements governing the duration of the service engagement – i.e.,
when the client is paying for said services and the provider is obligated to deliver them.
Q29. What is BIOS?
Ans: BIOS, in full Basic Input/output System, computer program that is typically stored in
EPROM and used by the CPU to perform start-up procedures when the computer is turned
on. Its two major procedures are determining what peripheral devices (Keyboard, mouse,
disk drives, printers, video cards, etc.)
Q30.What is the Difference between Ram and Rom?
Ans: This is very important question in Service Desk RAM and ROM both are the internal
memories of the computer. Where RAM is a temporary memory, ROM is a permanent
memory of the computer. There are many differences between RAM and ROM, but the basic
difference is that RAM is a read-write memory and the ROM is a read only memory.
Q01 – What is a Service Desk?
Ans:- Service desks ensure that IT processes and services are aligned with business
objectives and needs. They act as a conduit between the business and IT, ensuring that the
technology supports and drives business goals, rather than getting in the way. Service desk
serve different functions within an organization and have unique sets of goals—all of which
are supported by the ITSM team. Here, we take a closer look at each of these terms and how
they relate to one another.
Click here to Read more.
Q02- What is ITSM in Service Desk?
Ans:- ITSM stands for IT service management, and is an approach designed to deliver,
manage, and improve the way information technology services are provided within a
business. Rather than focusing purely on the technical components of these services, ITSM
emphasizes the importance of delivering IT services that meet the needs of the organization
and its employees. At its core, ITSM is built on the idea that IT must be delivered as a
service. This means concentrating on the employees’ needs and experiences, continuous
improvement, and incorporating best practices wherever possible.
Click here to read more
Q03- Difference between IT Service desk and IT Help desk ?
Ans:-Service desk function in a broad sense. They usually service wider business needs
rather than only focusing on addressing a user’s immediate problem. The goal is to be
proactive in improving IT processes within an organization, and they are used to identify
opportunities to run IT processes more efficiently. Some key traits of service desks include:
• Full integration with ITSM (and/or ITIL) processes
• SLA tracking
• Self-service with an integrated service catalog
• CMDB communication and integration
• Full lifecycle change management
• Problem and incident management
• Workforce and vendor optimization
IT Help desk Help desks are more tactical solutions, helping resolve employees’ needs,
issues, and incidents. A help desk is usually reactive in nature and is meant to provide fast
and efficient remediation to specific problems as they arise. They can either be part of or
separate from the larger service desk operations.
Some key traits of help desks include:
 • Using tracking for incoming incidents
• Offering basic incident and service request management
• Providing levels 1 and 2 support, and escalating issues as needed
• Providing basic self-service options for employees
• Acting as a point of contact for IT support
Q04-What do you mean by IT Process Engineering?
Ans:- Process engineering at a core level is simply the application of basic rules and
principles in order to simplify, speed up or improve a given process in place. It is the method
of analyzing, altering, and ultimately enhancing a process in order to amplify the larger
system of which the process is a part.
Q05-What does a Service Desk Agent/ Analyst do?
Ans-Acting as communication centers where employees can request help and receive IT
support, IT service desk are also designed to address broader business needs and increase
the user’s tech experience in the workplace.
Click here to watch full Article
Q06- What does Inbound & Outbound process means in Service Desk?
Ans- Inbound customer service is when the customer calls your company with a service
request or an inquiry. Outbound customer service happens when an agent from your call
center contacts customers to follow up on a service issue or to notify customers of new
products or policy changes.
Read more about Inbound
Read more about Outbound
Q07- What do you mean by Onshore, Offshore and Onsite services in Service Desk?
Ans:- Onshore outsourcing, also known as onsite outsourcing, is receiving services from
someone outside a company but within the same country. The offshore model is in contrast
to overseas outsourcing, which is hiring services from people or companies outside the
country.
Read more

Q08- Tell something about the current Indian IT Industry?

Ans :- The IT sectors has been an underperformer in the bull run seen in the market in 2023,
largely dragged by a weak macro environment due to prolonger deal conversions as business
ramped down on IT spending. The it industry for Service desk is in trending and multiple IT
companies from US want to do hire service desk from India because the cost is cheaper than
US.
Q09 Difference between Private and Public Network
Ans:- Private Network:- In Internet networking, a private network is a computer network
that uses a private address space of IP addresses. These addresses are commonly used for
local area networks (LANs) in residential, office, and enterprise environments. Both the IPv4
and the IPv6 specifications define private IP address ranges. The GSMA defines private
networks more technically as an infrastructure that is used only by devices authorized by the
end-user organization. It is a dedicated network for the sole use by a single operator. Only
connected devices authorized within a private network are allowed to connect to the
network.
5 Examples of a Private Network
• Office Network -Office networks are commonly private in that devices on the
network can’t be viewed from the outside.
• Home Network
• Data Centers.
• Critical Infrastructure.
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Public Network:-A public network refers to any network that is open and accessible to the
general public, i.e., anyone and everyone. These networks are typically unsecured, meaning
users don’t have to input a password or authorization to connect. Examples include public
Wi-Fi hotspots at coffee shops, airports, and hotels.
What are some examples of public networks– Examples of public networks include, but are
not limited to, the Internet, wireless, and mobile technologies.
Q10-What are the Line of Business (LOBs) for this IT Company? (Check Website)
Ans:- In this question you need to prepare according to job companies. Suppose if you are
preparing for HCL technologies then you need to check HCL website and check LOBs for that
company. You need to do same on different companies. Lobs means from which company
they connected too or you can check HCL is working for how many companies.
Q11-XYZ Company gives service to which all sectors/ industries?
Ans:- XYZ Company gives service to winch all sectors, You need to check that on respected
company website. If you are preparing interview for Infosys then you need to visit Infosys
website and check the company gives services to which all sectors/industries. If you are
going for interview then you should know that because HR can ask you the questions like
this to test your understanding for that company.
Q12-Why is Data Privacy extremely important to IT Industry?
Ans:- First you need to understand that Data privacy is the protection of personal data from
those who should not have access to it and the ability of individuals to determine who can
access their personal information.
Data privacy is ensuring that sensitive data, such as financial information or medical records,
is only accessed by authorized personnel. This can be achieved through access control
measures, such as usernames and passwords, or biometric authentication. Encrypting data is
another example of data privacy. It is very important for any IT industry.
Q13-What are KRA & KPI in Service desk(in terms of Performance Appraisal)?
Ans:-Key Result Areas (KRA) and Key Performance Indicators (KPI) help companies set goals
for their employees and measure performance based on those objectives. Successful
companies split the overall organization’s goals into various KRAs. KPIs are then created and
mapped against the KRAs.
Read More:-Reference Website

Q14-What is TAT, SLA & CSAT (in terms of customer deliverables)?

Ans– SLA (Service Level Agreement) , a written document executed by the Company and
Client regarding the services that would be provided.
TAT (Turn Around Time), the time required to be quoted to the customer in case of any issue
handled as to when can the other party expect a resolution to the raised issue.
CSAT (Customer satisfaction score), CSAT, or customer satisfaction score, is a commonly
used metric that indicates how satisfied customers are with a company’s products or
services. It’s measured through customer feedback and expressed as a percentage (100%
would be fantastic – 0% would be terrible).
Q15-What is Active Directory in Service Desk?
Ans: Active Directory (AD) is Microsoft’s proprietary directory service. It runs on Windows
Server and enables administrators to manage permissions and access to network
resources. Active Directory stores data as objects. An object is a single element, such as a
user, group, application or device such as a printer.
Q16:- Top 10 Microsoft applications used in corporate companies for Service Desk.
Ans:- Teams, Outlook, One Note, One drive, Ms Word, Ms Powerpoint, Excel, Access(PC

Only), Publisher (PC Only), PowerBi ( Report Builder)

Q17:- What is an Operating System? Which are the common OS available in the market?
Ans:- An operating system is a software that acts as an interface between computer
hardware components and the user. It manages the resources and operations of the
computer, such as memory, CPU, security, file system, and devices. It also provides common

services for other software programs to run on the computer.

Some examples of operating systems are Windows, Android, iOS, Linux, and Mac OS.
Q18:- What is the latest version of Microsoft OS?
Ans:- Microsoft OS is a general term that refers to the operating systems developed by
Microsoft. The most popular and widely used Microsoft OS is Windows, which has several
versions for different devices and purposes. The latest version of Windows for PCs is
Windows 11, which was released on October 18, 20221. The latest version of Windows for
mobile devices is Windows 10 Mobile, which was released on March 17, 2016. The latest
version of Windows for servers is Windows Server 2022, which was released on September
1, 2021.
Q19:- What is a Task Manager? How to use it if any application is hung?
Ans:- A Task Manager is a utility tool that helps you manage the applications and processes
that are running on your computer. You can use it to see how much system resources they
are using, and to force them to close if they are not responding or causing problems1.
There are several ways to open Task Manager on Windows 10, such as:
Right-click the taskbar and select Task Manager from the pop-up menu.
Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc on your keyboard.
Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete and select Task Manager from the screen that appears.
Press Win + X and select Task Manager from the power-user menu.
Type taskmgr in the Run box (Win + R) or the Start menu search box and press Enter.
Once you open Task Manager, you can switch to the Processes tab to see the list of
applications and processes that are running on your computer. You can sort them by name,
status, CPU, memory, disk, or network usage by clicking on the column headers. You can also
expand a group of processes by clicking the chevron-right icon or by right-clicking and
selecting Expand.
To end a task that is not responding or causing problems, you can select it from the list and
click the End Task button at the bottom-right corner of the window. This will force the task to
close immediately, but you may lose any unsaved work in that application. Alternatively, you
can right-click the task and select End Task from the context menu.
You can also use the Command Prompt to end a task by typing the command:
taskkill /IM executablename.exe
where executablename.exe is the name of the executable file of the task you want to end.
For example, to end Microsoft Edge, you can type:
taskkill /IM msedge.exe
You can find the executable name of a task by right-clicking it in Task Manager and selecting
Properties.
Q20:- What is an IP Address?
Ans:- An IP address is a unique address that is assigned to a device connected to a computer
network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. It is a string of numbers written
in a certain format, such as 192.0.2.1 or 2011:0bd9:75c5:0000:0000:6b3e:0170:8394. IP
addresses serve two main functions: network interface identification, and location
addressing.
There are two versions of the Internet Protocol in common use on the Internet today: IPv4
and IPv6. IPv4 uses 32 bits for the IP address, which means it can support up to 4.3 billion
addresses. IPv6 uses 128 bits for the IP address, which means it can support up to 340
undecillion addresses.
Q21:-What is LAN?
Ans:- A LAN, or local area network, is a network of devices that are connected in a small
geographic area, such as a home, office, or school. A LAN allows the devices to share data,
resources, and Internet access. A LAN typically uses Ethernet, WiFi, or both to connect the
devices.
Some benefits, types, or components of a LAN.
Benefits: A LAN can provide faster and more reliable data transfer, lower costs, easier
management, and enhanced security for the devices and users on the network .
Types: There are different types of LANs based on their size, topology, or architecture. Some
common types are Ethernet, WiFi, Token Ring, FDDI, and ATM .
Components: A LAN typically consists of four main components: devices, cables, switches,
and routers. Devices are the computers, printers, scanners, and other peripherals that
connect to the network. Cables are the wires or fibers that link the devices. Switches are the
devices that forward data packets within the network. Routers are the devices that connect
the LAN to other networks or the Internet .
Q22:- What is WAN?
Ans:- A WAN, or wide area network, is a large network of devices that are connected over a
wide geographic area, such as across cities, countries, or continents. A WAN allows the
devices to share data, resources, and Internet access. A WAN is essentially a network of
networks, with the Internet being the world’s largest WAN.
Some benefits, types, or components of a WAN.
• Benefits: A WAN can provide greater connectivity, scalability, and flexibility for the
devices and users on the network. It can also enable access to remote resources,
applications, and services that are not available on a LAN.
• Types: There are different types of WANs based on their transmission technology,
topology, or architecture. Some common types are leased line, circuit switching,
packet switching, cellular, satellite, and VPN.
• Components: A WAN typically consists of four main components: devices,
transmission media, switches, and routers. Devices are the computers, servers,
printers, and other peripherals that connect to the network. Transmission media are
the wires, fibers, or wireless signals that carry the data. Switches are the devices that
forward data packets within the network. Routers are the devices that connect the
WAN to other networks or the Internet.
Q23:- What is a Router?
Ans:- A router is a device that connects two or more networks and forwards data packets
between them based on their destination IP addresses. A router can also allow multiple
devices to share the same Internet connection. Routers operate at the network layer of the
OSI model and use routing tables to determine the best path for each packet.
• Types: There are different types of routers based on their size, purpose, or
technology. Some common types are home routers, wireless routers, enterprise
routers, core routers, and edge routers.
 • Functions: The main function of a router is to connect two or more networks and
forward data packets between them based on their destination IP addresses.
Routers also perform other functions such as network segmentation, internet
connectivity, network address translation, and security.
• Features: Routers have various features that enhance their performance,
functionality, and usability.
Some of these features are single or dual band Wi-Fi, traditional or gigabit Ethernet,
IPv4 and IPv6 support, network address translation, firewalls, and VPN.
Q24:- What is a Switch (in LAN)?
Ans:- A switch is a device that connects multiple devices within a local area network (LAN)
and forwards data packets to the specific device that is intended for. A switch operates at the
data link layer of the OSI model and uses MAC addresses to identify the devices on the
network.
A switch can improve the performance and security of a LAN by reducing collisions,
congestion, and broadcast traffic. A switch can also create virtual LANs (VLANs) to further
segment the network into smaller groups of devices.
Q25:- What is Outlook? Have you ever used it? If yes, please describe it in short.
Ans:- Outlook is a personal information manager software system from Microsoft that can
be used for email, calendar, contacts, tasks, and more. It is available as a part of the
Microsoft 365 software suites, or as a standalone application for Windows, Mac, or mobile
devices.
Yes, I have used Outlook before. I use it to communicate with users like you, and to manage
my schedule and tasks. I find it very useful and convenient to access my data and services
from any device. Outlook also has many features and benefits that I can tell you more about
if you are interested.
Q26:- What is MS Office 365 Suite?
Ans:- MS Office 365 Suite is a subscription-based service that provides access to various
Microsoft products, apps, and services, such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook,
OneDrive, Teams, and more. It allows you to create, collaborate, and share your work on
multiple devices and platforms, and also offers cloud storage, security, and support features.
Q27:- Do you know about MS Excel, MS Words & MS PowerPoint? Please describe.
Ans:- Yes, I know about MS Excel, MS Words & MS PowerPoint. They are three of the main
programs in the Microsoft Office Suite, which is a subscription-based service that provides
access to various Microsoft products, apps, and services1. Here is a brief description of each
program:
• MS Excel is a spreadsheet application that allows you to manage and organize data.
You can capture data, record information over time, and analyze the data by creating
charts and graphs using that data.
 • MS Words is a word processor that allows you to create documents such as reports,
proposals, books, and more. You can use various formatting tools, templates, and
add-ins to enhance your documents.
• MS PowerPoint is a presentation software that allows you to create slideshows for
various purposes. You can use animations, transitions, photos, videos, and other
elements to make your presentations more engaging and interactive.
Q28:- Do you know how to use any Formula/ Pivot in MS Excel?
Ans:-Yes, I know how to use formulas and pivot tables in MS Excel. Formulas are expressions
that perform calculations on values in a worksheet. Pivot tables are interactive tables that
summarize and analyze large amounts of data. You can use formulas and pivot tables to
perform various tasks, such as:
• Calculate values based on data in other cells or fields.
• Apply functions, such as SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, or IF, to data.
• Create custom calculations using operators, constants, and references.
• Filter, sort, group, and format data in different ways.
• Change the layout, design, and options of the pivot table.
• Create charts, slicers, and timelines based on the pivot table data.
Q29:- What is VPN?
Ans:- A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that enhances your online privacy and
security. Here’s how it works:
1. Secure Connection: When you use a VPN, your internet traffic is encrypted and sent
through a secure tunnel. This ensures that your data remains confidential and
protected from eavesdropping.
2. Hide Your IP Address: A VPN masks your IP address, making it difficult for websites,
advertisers, or malicious actors to track your online activities. It assigns you a
different IP address based on the server location you choose.
3. Bypass Geo-Restrictions: With a VPN, you can access content that might be
restricted in your region. By connecting to a server in a different country, you can
unblock websites, streaming services, and other online resources.
4. Enhanced Security on Public Wi-Fi: When you connect to public Wi-Fi networks
(such as in cafes or airports), a VPN adds an extra layer of security. It prevents
hackers from intercepting your data and protects you from potential threats.
5. Privacy: A VPN keeps your online activities private from your internet service
provider (ISP) and other third parties. It’s especially useful if you’re concerned about
surveillance or data collection.
 6. Types of VPNs:
• Paid VPNs: These prioritize user security and privacy. They offer better
performance, customer support, and additional features.
• Free VPNs: While free VPNs exist, they often come with limitations, such as
slower speeds, data caps, and potential privacy risks. Some free VPNs may
even track your browsing habits and display ads.
7. Popular VPN Features:
• Encryption: Protects your data from interception.
• Server Locations: Allows you to choose a server in a specific country.
• Kill Switch: Automatically disconnects you if the VPN connection drops.
• Malware Protection: Guards against malicious websites.
• Dark Web Monitoring: Alerts you if your account details appear on the dark
web.
Two reliable VPN providers are:
1. NordVPN: NordVPN offers strong encryption, a wide range of servers in 61 countries,
and advanced features like obfuscated servers and a dark web monitor. It’s available
for various devices, including Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, and iOS.
2. ProtonVPN: ProtonVPN prioritizes privacy and offers community-supported
features. It’s designed to keep your internet connection secure and private, allowing
you to watch streaming services while protecting your data.
Q30:- What is Intranet?
• Importance of Intranet:
• Internal Communication: Intranets enhance communication within organizations.
• Employee Connectivity: It connects employees across different locations and time
zones.
• Recognition and Reward: Intranets facilitate employee recognition and reward
programs.
• Onboarding: They simplify the onboarding process for new employees.
• Organizational Clarity: Intranets provide clarity on company policies, news, and
announcements.
• Features of Intranet:
• Document Management: Allows storage, organization, and sharing of documents.
• Collaboration Tools: Enables teamwork on projects and tasks.
 • News and Announcements: Provides a platform for sharing company news.
Q31:- What is the name of latest windows Server?
Ans:- Microsoft Windows Server 2022 is the latest version of the popular server operating
system developed by Microsoft. It was released in the summer of 2021 and brought several
new features and improvements over its predecessor, Windows Server 2019.