MODULE 3

Question 1:

What is the primary focus of ICT engineers when developing new services and applications?

 A) Increasing the number of users

 B) Enhancing the aesthetic design of hardware
 C) Creating a virtual world offering new services and applications
 D) Reducing the cost of ICT systems
 Correct Answer: C) Creating a virtual world offering new services and applications

Question 2:

Which law states that the number of transistors on a chip tends to double every 18 months,
enabling rapid growth of digital system performances?

 A) Newton's Law
 B) Moore's Law
 C) Ohm's Law
 D) Murphy's Law
 Correct Answer: B) Moore's Law

Question 3:

What is the definition of Quality of Service (QoS) according to the ITU-T E.800
recommendation?

 A) The technical efficiency of ICT hardware

 B) The collective effect of service performances that determine user satisfaction
 C) The speed of data transfer in ICT systems
 D) The reliability of network connections
 Correct Answer: B) The collective effect of service performances that determine
user satisfaction
Question 4:

What must be specified in a Service-Level Agreement (SLA)?

 A) Detailed technical specifications of hardware components

 B) The level of quality expected by users and how it will be measured
 C) The pricing structure for ICT services
 D) The number of transistors used in the hardware
 Correct Answer: B) The level of quality expected by users and how it will be
measured

Question 5:

Which of the following is NOT a common issue when translating user application performance
into ICT technical performance?

 A) Defining content requirements like number of users

 B) Analyzing the stability of industrial processes
 C) Specifying quantitative information for user requirements
 D) Translating professional terms into ICT metrics
 Correct Answer: C) Specifying quantitative information for user requirements

Question 6:

Why is monitoring ICT system performance essential?

 A) To reduce the cost of ICT services

 B) To guarantee the proper functioning of ICT-based services
 C) To enhance the aesthetic appeal of ICT devices
 D) To increase the speed of data processing
 Correct Answer: B) To guarantee the proper functioning of ICT-based services

Question 7:

What is one of the major challenges in selecting pertinent information from a Management
Information Base (MIB) for SLA contracts?

 A) The high cost of accessing MIB data

 B) The complexity of selecting the relevant information
 C) The lack of standardized protocols for MIB
 D) The difficulty in updating the MIB
 Correct Answer: B) The complexity of selecting the relevant information
Question 8:

Which method in ICT performance assessment involves using mathematical theories like
queuing theory and network calculus theory?

 A) Black box method

 B) Constructive method
 C) Experimental design method
 D) Systems engineering method
 Correct Answer: B) Constructive method

Question 9:

Why is it beneficial to combine models and measurements in ICT performance monitoring?

 A) To increase the speed of data processing

 B) To detect anomalies and anticipate faults
 C) To reduce the cost of hardware
 D) To improve the aesthetic design of ICT systems
 Correct Answer: B) To detect anomalies and anticipate faults

Question 10:

Which of the following is a key consideration when assessing the sustainability of an ICT
product?

 A) The number of users it can support

 B) The overall ICT carbon footprint and use of toxic materials
 C) The speed of data transfer
 D) The aesthetic design of the product
 Correct Answer: B) The overall ICT carbon footprint and use of toxic materials

Question 11:

Which three pillars should ICT be assessed against during the engineering process?

 A) Performance, Cost, Efficiency

 B) People, Planet, Profit
 C) Technology, Innovation, Security
 D) Quality, Speed, Flexibility
 Correct Answer: B) People, Planet, Profit
Question 12:

What is a potential negative impact of increasing data center capacity to grow business
activities?

 A) Improved user satisfaction

 B) Increased energy consumption leading to a negative impact on the planet
 C) Decreased need for technical monitoring
 D) Reduced cost of ICT services
 Correct Answer: B) Increased energy consumption leading to a negative impact on
the planet

Question 13:

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a part of the sustainability properties of ICT
solutions?

 A) Modularity
 B) Flexibility
 C) Scalability
 D) Speed
 Correct Answer: D) Speed

Question 14:

What is the ultimate goal of using systems engineering in developing ICT products and services?

 A) To maximize profit
 B) To ensure that development is sustainable and measurable
 C) To reduce the complexity of ICT solutions
 D) To minimize the use of renewable energy
 Correct Answer: B) To ensure that development is sustainable and measurablE

Question 15:

What is the primary difference between ICT system measurements and those applied to other
systems?

 A) ICT measures are always related to physical performance.

 B) ICT measures are related to data performance, which is abstract.
 C) ICT measures do not require energy as a resource.
 D) ICT measures are based solely on hardware specifications.
 Correct Answer: B) ICT measures are related to data performance, which is
abstract.
Question 16:

In an ICT system functional model, what are the three elementary types of services offered?

 A) Data processing, data transport, and data storage

 B) Data transmission, data encryption, and data backup
 C) Data processing, data encryption, and data transfer
 D) Data storage, data analysis, and data retrieval
 Correct Answer: A) Data processing, data transport, and data storage

Question 17:

Which of the following is NOT traditionally used as a main attribute in data measurement for
ICT systems?

 A) Quantity
 B) Throughput
 C) Quality
 D) Aesthetic design
 Correct Answer: D) Aesthetic design

Question 18:

What is an example of an ICT metric mentioned in the text?

 A) Processor speed
 B) Available communication bandwidth
 C) Energy consumption rate
 D) Storage capacity
 Correct Answer: B) Available communication bandwidth

Question 19:

Which of the following describes an additive metric in ICT systems?

 A) Calculated by multiplying metrics of each part of the system

 B) Determined by selecting the minimum value of each part of the system
 C) Calculated by adding the basic metric of each part of the system
 D) Derived from the average value of all metrics
 Correct Answer: C) Calculated by adding the basic metric of each part of the
system
Question 20:

What type of metric is used to assess end-to-end bandwidth, as mentioned in the text?

 A) Additive metric
 B) Multiplicative metric
 C) Concave metric
 D) Quantitative metric
 Correct Answer: C) Concave metric

Question 21:

What does the response time in an ICT system refer to?

 A) The total time taken to process all user requests in a system

 B) The delay between service request arrival and service response availability
 C) The time required for data encryption and decryption
 D) The time taken for data to be stored in the system
 Correct Answer: B) The delay between service request arrival and service response
availability

Question 22:

What is a common metric applicable to all ICT systems, as mentioned in the text?

 A) Packet loss ratio

 B) Response time
 C) Storage capacity
 D) Bandwidth utilization
 Correct Answer: B) Response time

Question 23:

What is necessary when calculating the delay (response time) in ICT systems from two different
devices?

 A) Synchronizing their clocks or using the same clock

 B) Multiplying the clock speeds of both devices
 C) Averaging the delays from both devices
 D) Calculating the difference in clock frequencies
 Correct Answer: A) Synchronizing their clocks or using the same clock
Question 24:

Which of the following operations is used to develop derived metrics in a complex ICT system
composed of subsystems?

 A) Subtractive, multiplicative, and convex

 B) Additive, multiplicative, and concave
 C) Quantitative, additive, and multiplicative
 D) Multiplicative, quantitative, and deductive
 Correct Answer: B) Additive, multiplicative, and concave

Question 25:

What are the two specific metrics used to characterize data processing in ICT systems?

 A) Processing capacity and processing quality

 B) Data throughput and data storage
 C) Jitter and packet loss rate
 D) Bandwidth and data transport
 Correct Answer: A) Processing capacity and processing quality

Question 26:

How is processing capacity defined in the context of ICT systems?

 A) The accuracy of results produced by the system

 B) The number of requests per time unit that can be processed without loss
 C) The speed at which data is transmitted across the network
 D) The amount of data that can be stored in the system
 Correct Answer: B) The number of requests per time unit that can be processed
without loss

Question 27:

What metric is used to determine the accuracy of results in data processing?

 A) Processing capacity
 B) Processing quality
 C) Bandwidth
 D) Data throughput
 Correct Answer: B) Processing quality
Question 28:

Which of the following is NOT one of the three specific metrics used in data transport services?

 A) Bandwidth
 B) Jitter
 C) Packet loss rate
 D) Processing quality
 Correct Answer: D) Processing quality

Question 29:

What does the term "available bandwidth" refer to in data transport services?

 A) The total bandwidth minus used traffic

 B) The maximum data that can be stored
 C) The delay variation between successive requests
 D) The error rate in data transmission
 Correct Answer: A) The total bandwidth minus used traffic

Question 30:

How is "jitter" defined in the context of ICT data transport services?

 A) The maximum total throughput accepted by a path

 B) The delay variation between successive requests
 C) The number of packets lost during transmission
 D) The total storage capacity of the system
 Correct Answer: B) The delay variation between successive requests

Question 31:

Which metric measures the reliability of a communication network path?

 A) Bandwidth
 B) Jitter
 C) Packet loss rate
 D) Processing capacity
 Correct Answer: C) Packet loss rate
Question 31:

In the context of data storage services, what does "storage capacity" refer to?

 A) The maximum amount of data that can be stored in the system

 B) The speed at which data can be processed
 C) The accuracy of stored data
 D) The total amount of data that can be transmitted in a network
 Correct Answer: A) The maximum amount of data that can be stored in the system

Question 32:

How is data throughput measured for read and write operations in data storage services?

 A) By counting the number of errors during data transmission

 B) By measuring the time taken to process each request
 C) By counting the maximum amount of data accepted per time unit
 D) By calculating the total storage capacity of the system
 Correct Answer: C) By counting the maximum amount of data accepted per time
unit

Question 33:

What does Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) measure in data centers?

 A) The total energy consumed by IT equipment

 B) The ratio of facilities energy to IT equipment energy
 C) The total bandwidth used by the data center
 D) The maximum processing capacity of the data center
 Correct Answer: B) The ratio of facilities energy to IT equipment energy

Question 34:

What is one key factor that can complicate efforts to decrease carbon emissions in ICT?

 A) The need for advanced processing equipment

 B) The variation of carbon rate in energy production
 C) The increasing storage capacity requirements
 D) The reduction in available bandwidth
 Correct Answer: B) The variation of carbon rate in energy production
Question 35:

What is the term used to describe the electromagnetic radiation emitted by electronic equipment,
including ICT devices?

 A) Radio waves
 B) Electrosmog
 C) Electromagnetic interference
 D) Signal noise
 Correct Answer: B) Electrosmog

Question 36:

Which organization has set the maximum acceptable values for electromagnetic fields (EMF)
generated by wireless network antennas?

 A) International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

 B) World Health Organization (WHO)
 C) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
 D) International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
 Correct Answer: C) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Question 37:

Which of the following strategies is suggested to limit electrosmog in ICT systems?

 A) Increasing the transmission power of mobile phones

 B) Implementing cognitive radio to automatically detect available channels
 C) Reducing the number of base stations in a network
 D) Using high-power antennas to improve signal strength
 Correct Answer: B) Implementing cognitive radio to automatically detect available
channels

Question 38:

What are the three pillars of sustainable development that green ICT solutions should integrate?

 A) Technology, Innovation, Efficiency

 B) Planet, Profit, People
 C) Quality, Speed, Flexibility
 D) Security, Scalability, Cost
 Correct Answer: B) Planet, Profit, People
Question 39:

According to the text, what do most papers on green ICT focus on, often neglecting?

 A) Human and ethical aspects

 B) Cost efficiency
 C) Technological advancements
 D) Speed of data processing
 Correct Answer: A) Human and ethical aspects

Question 40:

What is the primary purpose of the "people" pillar in the context of ICT development?

 A) To enhance technological innovation

 B) To cover areas using subjective metrics related to social responsibilities
 C) To ensure maximum profit for ICT companies
 D) To increase the efficiency of ICT systems
 Correct Answer: B) To cover areas using subjective metrics related to social
responsibilities

Question 41:

Which of the following is NOT a social responsibility of ICT companies toward their customers,
as mentioned in the text?

 A) Developing safe and durable ICT products and services

 B) Exaggerating the performance of proposed solutions
 C) Offering efficient after-sale services
 D) Clearly defining rules regarding privacy and anonymity
 Correct Answer: B) Exaggerating the performance of proposed solutions

Question 42:

What should ICT companies ensure when designing a general code of conduct for employees?

 A) Focus on increasing company profits

 B) Emphasize the use of unlicensed software to save costs
 C) Respect for the private lives of employees and fair management practices
 D) Maximize productivity at any cost
 Correct Answer: C) Respect for the private lives of employees and fair management
practices
Question 43:

Which of the following should be analyzed before starting an ICT project, according to the text?

 A) The technical specifications of hardware components

 B) The impact of the system on society and individuals
 C) The cost-effectiveness of the project
 D) The speed of data processing within the system
 Correct Answer: B) The impact of the system on society and individuals

Question 44:

What does Herold (2006) identify as issues that need to be assessed regarding computers in the
workplace?

 A) Profit margins and cost efficiency

 B) The elimination of jobs, loss of skills, and health issues
 C) Speed and efficiency of computer systems
 D) Security and data protection
 Correct Answer: B) The elimination of jobs, loss of skills, and health issues

Question 45:

What should ICT companies do to promote the people pillar of sustainable development?

 A) Develop only profitable solutions

 B) Define ethical guidelines for ICT-based solutions
 C) Focus solely on technological innovation
 D) Increase the complexity of their products
 Correct Answer: B) Define ethical guidelines for ICT-based solutions

Question 46:

How does an ethical approach in ICT development implicitly impact the other pillars of
sustainable development?

 A) It reduces the need for technological advancements

 B) It negatively affects environmental ethics
 C) It positively impacts environmental ethics and fair business practices
 D) It solely focuses on maximizing profit
 Correct Answer: C) It positively impacts environmental ethics and fair business
practices
Question 47:

What is the role of systems engineering in the design of ICT-based solutions, according to the
text?

 A) To simplify complex systems and reduce their costs

 B) To specify measurable requirements and ensure performance satisfaction throughout
the project lifecycle
 C) To maximize the speed and efficiency of ICT systems
 D) To focus on profit margins and cost-cutting
 Correct Answer: B) To specify measurable requirements and ensure performance
satisfaction throughout the project lifecycle

Question 48:

What are the three main aspects that Green ICT solutions must consider during their design
loop?

 A) Technology, Innovation, Security

 B) Business, Environment, People
 C) Cost, Efficiency, Speed
 D) Quality, Reliability, Profit
 Correct Answer: B) Business, Environment, People

Question 49:

Why is the design of Green ICT systems considered complex?

 A) They require constant updates and upgrades

 B) They must consider the system as a whole during its entire life cycle
 C) They need to focus on profit maximization
 D) They rely heavily on external data sources
 Correct Answer: B) They must consider the system as a whole during its entire life
cycle

Question 50:

What is the role of Systems Engineering in the context of Green ICT?

 A) To focus on profit margins

 B) To simplify the design process
 C) To specify, verify, and validate measures of performance
 D) To reduce the cost of ICT development
 Correct Answer: C) To specify, verify, and validate measures of performance
Question 51:

In the stakeholder requirements definition for ICT architecture, which of the following is NOT
one of the pillars considered?

 A) Ecology
 B) Ethics
 C) Economy
 D) Technology
 Correct Answer: D) Technology

Question 52:

Which of the following is NOT a key requirement in the ecology pillar for the ICT architecture
mentioned in the text?

 A) Recyclability of ICT devices

 B) Energy efficiency of data centers
 C) Radio wave emission
 D) ICT carbon emission
 Correct Answer: B) Energy efficiency of data centers

Question 53:

What does the energy consumption of ICT architecture during its life cycle depend on, according
to the text?

 A) The cost of raw materials

 B) The number of users
 C) The energy used for manufacturing, usage, and dismantling
 D) The speed of data processing
 Correct Answer: C) The energy used for manufacturing, usage, and dismantling

Question 54:

What was the CO2 factor per kWh used in France to calculate the carbon emissions of the ICT
architecture?

 A) 0.04
 B) 0.09
 C) 0.97
 D) 1.08
 Correct Answer: B) 0.09
Question 55:

According to the text, why should engineering efforts for reducing carbon emissions be focused
more on the manufacturing level rather than the usage level?

 A) Because the energy prices are lower during the manufacturing phase
 B) Because the carbon emitted during manufacturing corresponds to about three years of
carbon emission during usage
 C) Because the carbon emissions during usage are negligible
 D) Because the manufacturing process is simpler to control
 Correct Answer: B) Because the carbon emitted during manufacturing corresponds
to about three years of carbon emission during usage

Question 56:

What is the purpose of using SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) in the context of
monitoring ICT energy consumption?

 A) To increase data transmission speed

 B) To collect and analyze energy consumption data and other ICT metrics
 C) To simplify the installation of ICT devices
 D) To monitor software updates
 Correct Answer: B) To collect and analyze energy consumption data and other ICT
metrics

Question 57:

What is the importance of the traceability matrix in the design process of green ICT
architectures?

 A) It helps in reducing the overall project cost

 B) It ensures that system requirements align with stakeholder requirements
 C) It simplifies the selection of ICT products
 D) It reduces the need for system validation
 Correct Answer: B) It ensures that system requirements align with stakeholder
requirements

Question 58:

Which of the following is a challenge in developing eco-efficiency metrics for Green ICT
solutions?

 A) Difficulty in finding suitable ICT products

 B) Complexity in defining a global equation that includes all requirements
 C) Limited access to advanced technologies
 D) High cost of implementation
  Correct Answer: B) Complexity in defining a global equation that includes all
requirements

Question 59:

What is the role of a radar diagram in analyzing ICT network solutions?

 A) To increase data storage capacity

 B) To visualize the relationship between different Measures of Performance (MoP) and
stakeholder requirements
 C) To enhance the speed of data processing
 D) To simplify the design of ICT systems
 Correct Answer: B) To visualize the relationship between different Measures of
Performance (MoP) and stakeholder requirements

Question 60:

In the context of climate change, why does the ICT sector need to propose resilient solutions?

 A) To increase the profit margins of ICT companies

 B) To ensure reliable telecommunication infrastructures during extreme weather events
 C) To reduce the cost of ICT products
 D) To improve the aesthetic design of ICT devices
 Correct Answer: B) To ensure reliable telecommunication infrastructures during
extreme weather events

Question 61:

What ambivalence does the SMART 2020 report highlight regarding the ICT sector?

 A) The ICT sector is both a contributor to and a mitigator of climate change

 B) The ICT sector is immune to climate change impacts
 C) The ICT sector only focuses on profit maximization
 D) The ICT sector is largely unaffected by energy efficiency improvements
 Correct Answer: A) The ICT sector is both a contributor to and a mitigator of
climate change