Social research Selection of study material IMPORTANCE Main objectives InterView is a word of English language.

Main objectives InterView is a word of English language. It is made of two words : 'inter' + 'view' 'Inter' means : sample, as the name implies, is a smaller representative of a large whole.
Determination of scope Attainment of new knowledge Enchancing knowledge internal. 'View' means : observaton. Thus, the verbal meaning of the interview is internal
The importance of research in modern era as increased as the progress of science took its Review of literature Scientific study Analysis of social Problem Solving observation', In interview, the interviewer himself approaches the investigator, puts questions to him Non-Probability Sampling (Chances of selection Probability Sampling (Each unit has a known
place. Research is considered as the base of human civilisation culture as science itself take Regional Survey events Classification of facts and himself records the replies, usually not bringing to the notice of the respondents. In this system, are unknown) chance of selection)
place and developed through many ups and downs simultaneously preserved the experiments Determined & defined units Helpful in social progress Evaluating programs there is direct contact between the respondent and the informant. There are different methods of Non-probability sampling is a method in which Probability sampling is a method of selecting a
Helpful in social Control Prompting social changes interview and the system has its advantaged as well as limitations, but the system on the whole some individuals in the population have no sample in which every individual in the
even after collecting it. Social research is essential to understand human fully in the society Formation of hypothesis
Helpful in Social Welfare Social welfare requires preparations and many stages are to be crossed before it becomes possible to start with chance of being selected, and selection is often population has a known, non-zero, and usually
therefore research can be carried out on the subjects which matters to human behaviour, Motivting Factor
Assumption Social control & predication actual interview work. Each interviewer also has an Interview guide which considerably helps him in based on the equal chance of being chosen. It relies on
social events, social phenomenon. phenomenon arise in the
Social reality is measurable Understanding complex completing his task. M.N. Basu, "An interview can be defined as a meeting of persons face to convenience, or accessibility rather than random selection and is used to ensure that the
Acc. to Prof. Perruci and associates ; society and human faces the
Human behavior follows patterns social issues face on some points. types Classification randomness. sample is representative of the entire
situation only but researchers Interview basis on the objective
Knowledge must be based on To understand and improve funcation and methodology No. informant respondent Convenience Sampling*Quota* population.
are simply attempts to test or modify ideas found in previous research other, research studies not satisfied only by simply Clinical*Selection*Diagonostic*research NonDirected*Focused*Repeated Group & Individual
evidence Research should be human society and the Judgmental/Purposive *Snowball Simple Random Sampling *Systematic *Stratified
evolved personal interests in a question. Once an idea is chosen the way in which the study is watching the situations
value-neutral world we live in *Cluster *Multistage
actually, certainly can be carried out and can be understood by only partially by the rules or he searches for new methods.
Structured & Unstructured
logic of scientific enquiry.
Meaning; Social + research composed of two words social and research before coming to Schedule The schedule method is one of the important methods for the study of social problems. In term 'Statistics has been derived from the German term "statistik. The German term is more political
social first understand the research . social research two procedures are generally used: Questionnaire and Schedule. These two are very than economic or social; there it means 'connected' with the state. When it is used in singular, means
Observation Data collection
Research is the system of obtaining new knowledge in any systematic and arranged way similar, but differ so far as the construction is concerned. There is another difference between the "the science of the figure" and when it is used in plural, it means figures regarding population, nation
It is noteworthy that the observation is not only one of the most common or pervasive
According to Redman and Morry ; two and it is in regard to the mode of their application. The Schedule is generally used in direct income, implements etc. It has been defined by the various social scientists in various ways.
activities of daily life, but it is a primary tool of scientific enquiry. William J. Goode and Paul K. method of observation or interview. On the other hand, the questionnaire is generally sent to the According to Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th Ed.,:
Hatt Science begins with observation and must ultimately return to observation for its final respondents by post. They are requested to fill up and return it to the investigator. Answers to the "A collection of information shown in numbers."
Research is a systematised effort in scientific system for the research of facts or for testing of
validation. observation becomes a scientific technique to the extent that it (a) serves a questions are furnished by the respondents themselves. Thus, these two procedures differ in regard According to Bowley: "Statistics is the science of measurement of social phenomenon regard as well
achieved knowledge. Research is also known by other words like discovery, invention, Finding.
research purpose, (b) is planned systematically, (c) is subjected to checks and controls, and (d) to the mode of collection of data also. In one, the investigator himself collects the informations by in all its manifestations, In fact, it is treated as the science of counting.
Now its easy to define Social research is the scientific system for achieving truth about social is recorded systematically .It is important to noteworthy that in social science sphere, the interviewing the respodents while in the other the respondent is free to send it at his own Descriptive Sta is a branch of statistics that Inferential sta It involves making inferences,
facts, the relations and the social processes. observation was probably the oldest method of investigation. The social reformer, the convenience. Goode and Hatt, "Schedule is the name usually applied to a set of questions which are deals with summarizing and describing the predictions, or generalizations about a larger
systematised investigations to gain new knowledge about new phenomenon and philosopher and the preacher, he tried to incalculate moral values after observation only. asked and filled in by an interviewer in a face to face situation with another person.' main features of a dataset. It provides population based on data collected from a sample
E.G. Raja Ram Mohan Roy In the field of social science particularly sociology, observation is Characterstic By PV YOUNG methods for organizing, visualizing, and of that population. It extends the findings from a
characteristics most perfect, dependable and perfect technique for research. Accurate Communication: Explain - Que should be interlinked* Be separated and sugestive presenting data meaningfully and informally. sample to the population from which the sample
Social research is the scientific study based on logical and sequence system Accurate Response: Explain Should be Attractive, Lenghty enough* Not injure personal feeling Descriptive statistics describe the was drawn. It allow researchers to draw
Acc. to Oxford Advances learner Dictionary 8th Ed.
Social research explains about the events of social life *Question should be relevant,upto point characteristics of the data set under study conclusions, test hypotheses, and make predictions
social research invents new facts and proves the validity of old facts especially to learn so without generalizing beyond the analyzed about populations, even when it is impractical or
Merit Higher response*Saving of time*Original* Demerit -*Self biased Data*small area*
social research studies the relationship between different facts Characterstics of Observation
data. impossible to study the entire population directly
cheaper* Less chance of error Nearness of data
social events are controlled by social research Funcation / Merit/Importance
Direct Method Roles * Oraganize & summarize data
Acc to Prof. Perruci *Statistics presents facts in a precise & definite form
Collection of primary data *guide in how to collect data systemtically
The particular study developed by social researcher may be classified as either descriptive *formaulation& implementation of suitable
Collection follows observation *Enhance Objectivity
research or analytical research the descriptive research often arises from the need to have governmental policies
Limits *Special training required*
accurate information about the existence of some social phenomenon Relationship bw the Investigator and the Respondent In Observation method, the *aid in prediction
*Not suitable for deep study*
Analytical research is the analytical study develops from theory and is designed to test specific investigator himself comes in contact with phenomenon cause and effect *simplifies Mass Figures
*Less Acuuracy
MERITS DEMERITS *Simplest *Not possible to observe every *Helps in formulation & testing of hypothesis
hypothesis
method of study phenomenon
Intro; Acc to some scholars social research is a dynamic process every kind of research is Before starting the research work, the investigator has to decide whether the entire population is to
*Useful for formulation of hypothesis *Not useful for all problems
carried out in few special steps. There are many theories regarding how many steps should be *Perception may be faulty be made subject for data collection or a particular group is to be selected as representative of the
*Greater Accuracy Guaranteed
there in social research should be completed. One sociologist have told that there 4 steps of entire population. The former method when the entire population is taken into account, is called Analysis of data Tabulation presenting data
*Results more dependable/convincing *Personal Bias & prejudice 'Census method'. On the other hand, when a small group is taken into account as representative of
social researcher other told 15. WJ told about 18 steps. ACCA Agriculture councillor *The Editing the Weighing of through tables. orderly
committee of America told 7 steps of social research. the whole, is called 'Sampling method' * two methods of social study: 1. Census method and 2. Data arrangement of data in
kind Quality-Quant, Experimental Motivting Factor Sampling method. Meaning and Definition of Sampling: When a small group is taken as the *The classification of the Data columns as well as rows
representative of the whole, the study is called sampling study. In the words of Goode and Hatt, "A *The codification of Data Aims * express data in least
*Interpretation of Data space * Make data

*Tabulating of Data compareable * time saving