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S BLOCK ELEMENTS
1INTRODUCTION (pg – 299, 300)
1. Which Groups Of PT Falls In S-Block?
2. How Can An Element Be Identified To Be Of S-Block Through
Electronic Config.?
3. Name The Elements Of Group 1.
4. Group 1 And Group 2 Are Collectively Called _____And ______
Respectively.
5. A – Group 1 Elements Are Called Alkali Metals.
R - They Form Oxides on RXN With Water Which Are Alkaline
In Nature.
6. Name the elements of group 2.
7. Exceptional element of group 2 is ________.
8. S1 – Beryllium is an alkaline earth metal. T/F.
9. A - Group 2 Elements are called alkaline earth metals.
R – Their hydroxides are only alkaline in nature and these
metal hydroxides are found in earth’s crust.
10. Which are the most abundant Alkali metals?
11. _______, _______ and _______ have much lower abundance.
12. Which element of group 1 is highly radioactive?
13. S1 – Li, Rb and Cs are most abundant.
S2 – Fr is faintly radioactive.
14. Longest lived isotope of alkali metals is __________.
15. Half life of Fr is _________.
16. Which elements rank 5th and 6th in abundance on earth’s
crust?
17. Which elements of group 2 have very low abundance?
18. Rare and rarest element of group 2 are ______ and ______.
19. Statement1- Radium is found in 1010 % of rocks.
Statement2- Radium is found in Sedimentary rocks.
20. General E.C of s block elements are ______ (alkali metals) and
______ (alkaline earth metals).
21. The thin, rocky outer layer of earth is __________.
22. Exceptional elements with special properties of group 1 and
2 respectively are _______ and _______.
23. A- Li and Be shows similar properties.
R- Because they have diagonal relationship.
24. A- Be and Al are similar in properties.
R- Due to dissimilar ionic size.
25. A- Mg and Li have different charge/radius ratio.
R - Down the group atomic size increases.
26. Trivalent elements are used in biological fluids.T/F(CORRECT
IF FALSE)
27. Ions +nt in interstitial fluid are?
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28. What are the biological importance of s-block elements?

GROUP 1 ALKALI METALS (pg-300)

29. The alkali metals show irregular trends in their physical and
chemical properties with the increasing atomic mass. T/F
30. What is the noble gas core of Lithium and Caesium?
31. A- Alkali metals are highly electropositive.
R- Due to tightly held s-electron in the outermost shell.
32. A- Na and Rb exist freely in nature.
R- They readily loose electrons.
33. What is noble gas core of Francium?
34. Which group has the largest size in the PT?
35. What is the ionic size of alkali metals w.r.t their parent
atom?
PROPERTIES DOWN THE GROUP
Atomic radii
Ionization Enthalpy
Hydration Enthalpy
Mobility of ion in aq
medium
Ionic size in aq
medium
Density
Reactivity
36.
37. What is the in general IE of alkali metal? WHY?
38. A - alkali metals lose outermost electron.
R – The last e- enters s orbital which poorly screened.
39. The increasing electronic charge outweighs the increasing
nuclear charge. T/F.
40. Which alkali metal has the max hydration enthalpy?
41. S1 - Li salts exist in anhydrous form mostly.
S2 – Low Hydration enthalpy of Li is due to its smallest size.
42. Example of a salt of Li.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (pg – 300-301)

43. What is the colour, strength and weight of alkali metals?
44. A – Alkali metals are very dense metals.
R – The have the largest size in PT.
45. S1 – Density of alkali metal decreases from Cs to Li.
S2 – Potassium is heavier than sodium.
46. Comment on the melting and boiling point of alkali metals?
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47. A- Alkali metals need to be heated and cooled to extreme
temp for melting or boiling.
R – They have weak covalent bond due to 1 valence e-.
48. A - Alkali metals are silvery white.
R – they burn with white flame when ignited.
49. Alkali metals impart a characteristic colour to a reducing
flame. T/F.
50. Why does alkali meals impart colour on ignition?
51. S1 – Alkali metals on ignition show colour due to absorption
spectra.
S2 – They fall in the ultraviolet region of the Hydrogen
spectra.

Metal Li Na K Rb CS
52. Colour

53. What is the wavelength range of alkali metals?

54. The test to detect alkali metals is _______.

55. Alkali metals can be determined by _______ and ______.
56. Which alkali metals are used in photoelectric cell.
57. A -Ionisation energy is responsible for the photoelectric
effect of alkali metals.
R – Cs and K are useful electrodes.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (pg - 301)

58. A- Alkali metals least reactive.
R- They have only 1 valence e-.
59. Which properties determine the reactivity of alkali metals?
REACTIVITY TOWARDS AIR (pg - 301)
60. Thae alkali metals ______ in dry air due to the formation of their
______.
61. A- Alkali metals burns feebly in oxygen.
R- They have low reactivity.
62. The oxides of Li, Na and K are ______, ______ and ______.
63. S1 – Li forms superoxide.
S2- Superoxide is stable with large anions.
## A- Li acts as a scavenger for air.
R- As it reacts with O2 and N2.
64. Superoxide is formed by ________.
65. Formula of oxide of Li, Na and K.
66. S1- In metal oxides the O.S of oxygen is fixed.
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S2- Alkali metals forms superoxide, monoxide and peroxide
hence vary in OS.
67. S1- Alkali metals can directly react with oxygen to form
oxides.
S2- Silly, Alkali metals react with Nitrogen directly to form
nitride.
68. A- Li directly forms Li 3 N .
R- Li exhibit properties different from Group 1.
69. Where are alkali metals stored?
70. What is the oxidation state of K in KO 2?
71. Formula of monoxide, peroxide and superoxide are
respectively.
REACTIVITY TOWARDS WATER (pg - 302)
72. A- Lithium like other alkali metals reacts vigorously with
water.
R- Lithium has the least negative E- value.
73. A- K has less E- value than Na.
R- E- value decreases regularly down the group.
74. Most and least E- value among alkali metals is of ______ and
______.
75. Rxn of Li with water is different from group properties
because of?
76. How does alkali metals generally react with water?
77. Alkali metals react with proton donors such as ______, _____
and ______.
REACTIVITY TOWARDS DIHYDROGEN (pg - 302)
78. Temperature at which alkali metals react with dihydrogen.
79. Lithium reacts with dihydrogen at _____K.
80. A- Alkali metal hydrides have low melting point.
R- They are weak covalent solids.
REACTIVITY TOWARDS HALOGENS (pg - 302)
81. How does alkali metals react with halides?
82. What bond is present in NaF?
83. What is the nature of Li halide?
84. A- LiF is ionic in nature.
R- Li has low tendency to distort electron.
85. Why are lithium halides exceptional?
86. A- Li can’t distort the large electron cloud of negative halide
ion.
R- Li is very small in size.
87. Most preferrable cation and anion size for high covalent
bond.
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88. Most covalent alkali halide.
REDUCING NATURE (pg - 302)
89. A- Li is most powerful oxidizing agent.
R- Li has highly +ve SRP.
90. The alkali metals are ___________ agents.
91. What are the changes involved in measuring the SEP of
alkali metal?
92. A- Li has high reducing power.
R- Li is smallest ion with high hydration enthalpy.
99. A- Li has high -ve E- value.
R- Due to its small size.
100. problem 10.2 pg 302
SOLUTIONS IN LIQUID AMMONIA (pg-302)
101. In which state ammonia reacts with alkali metals.
102. What is the characteristic colour of the ammoniated alkali
solution?
103. What is the conductivity of such solution?
104. M + (x+y)N H 3 ---- ________ (cation) + ________ (anion)
105. Which ion is responsible for the characteristic colour?
106. A- Ammonia imparts the characteristic colour.
R- It absorbs blue colour from the absorption spectrum.
107. What is the magnetic nature of the solution?
108. A- On standing, the solution liberates hydrogen rapidly.
R- Amide solution is formed in aqueous.
109.What is the colour and magnetic nature of the concentrated
solution?
USES (pg - 302)
110. Which alkali metal Is used in making alloy?
111. Alloy composition in –
a) white metal bearings for motor engines –
b) aircraft parts –
c) armour plates –
112. S1- Li is used in thermoacidophile reactions.
S2- Li is used in electrolytic cells.
113. Name the organolead compounds used in petrol. What kind
of additives they are?
114. S1- Nowadays vehicle use lead petrol. T/F.
115. Aqueous sodium metal is used as moderator in slow breeder
nuclear reactors. T/F .
116. Which alkali metals have vital role in biological system?
117. A fertilizer of potassium _________.
118. A potassium salt used in soap manufacture _________.
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119. Which compound of alkali metal is used as excellent
absorbent of CO2?
120. Alkali metal used in photoelectric cell __________.
GENERAL FEATURES OF COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI
METALS. (pg-303)
121. S1- Most alkali metal compounds are ionic in nature. T/F
OXIDES AND HYDROXIDES (PG-303)
122. Oxides of lithium are _____ and _____.
123. How many oxides does sodium form what are they?
124. S1 Potassium, rubidium and Caesium form peroxides. T/F
125. What is the basis of increasing stability of peroxide or
superoxide? Why?
126. Arrange the following in increasing order of stability.
KO2 , NaO2, RbO2, Li 2 O , CsO2.
127. St - NaO2 is difficult to hydrolyse.
128. M 2 O + H 2 O ---- _____ + ________
129. M 2 O2 + 2 H 2 O ---- _____ + _____ + ______
130. M O 2 + 2 H 2 O ---- _____ + _____ + _____ + _____
131. St- Oxides and peroxides are yellow coloured in pure form.
St- KO2 is colourless.
132. NaO2 is repelled by magnetic field.
133. Why is KO2 Paramagnetic?
134. St- Hydroxides of alkali metals are colourless amorphous
solids.
135. How much is the basic strength of alkali hydroxides?
136. A- Alkali metal hydroxides barely dissolve in water.
R- Much heat is released in this process.

137. A-Alkali metal hydroxides endothermically dissolve in water.

R – They show intense hydration.
HALIDES
138. What is the melting point, colour , solid nature of alkali
hydrides?
139. How are alkali hydrides are prepared?
140. What is the enthalpy of formation of alkali hydrides?
141. St- enthalpy values of fluorides become more -ve down the
group.
St- Reverse is true for Cl, I, Br.
142. Trend of enthalpy from down the halogen group.
143. Iodides have most negative enthalpy.
144. Trend of MP and BP of halides.
145. St- Most halides are soluble in water.
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146. A- LiF has high solubility in water.
R- Li has highest hydration enthalpy.
147. A-CsI is moderately soluble.
R- high Latice enthalpy.
148. Which of the following halide is soluble in pyridine?
a) CsI b) LiCl c)NaF d) KI
149. Common organic solvents for lithium halides.
SALTS OF OXOACIDS
150. St- In oxo acids acidic proton is on acidic group.
151. Examples of oxo acids.
152. St – Alkali metals form salts with only Sulphuric acid.
153. St- All alkali metal salts are soluble in water and thermally
stable.
154. St- sulphates and bisulphates of alkali metal salts are stable
to heat.
155. A- Stability of bicarbonates decreases down the group.
R- Electropositive char increases.
156. Which carbonate is unstable to heat?
A)Li2CO3 B)MgCO3 C) Na2CO3 d)both a and b
157. A- Lithium carbonate is stable to heat.
R- less polarizability.
157. Which metals bicarbonate does not exist as solid?
ANOMOLOUS PROPERTIES OF LITHIUM
159. why does li shows anomalous behaviours?
160. A- Li compounds are soluble in organic solvents.
R- Li compounds have increases ionic character.
161. St- Lithium is softer and Have low Mp and Bp.
162. A- Lithium Is most reactive.
R- Strongest reducing agent.
163. A- Li crystalizes as hydrate.
R- Its hygroscopic.
164. Which metal chloride forms hydrate?
165. hydrate of lithium.
166. St- Lithium nitrates decompose to form corresponding
nitrate.
St- Alkali metal nitrate decompose to give oxides.
167. LiNo3 --- ______ + ______ +_______.
NaNo3 --- ______ + ______ + ______.
168. Which to compounds of lithium are relatively less soluble in
water?
169. Why does Li shows diagonal relationship with magnesium?
170. St – Li2O and MgO combine with excess O2 to give super
oxides.
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171. St – The bicarboantes of lithium and magnesium decompose
on heating.
172. LiCL and MgCl are soluble in __________.
173. Hydrate formulas of Li and Mg.
SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF SODIUM
174. Name industrially important compounds of sodium
SODIUM CARBONATE
175. Process used for preparation of sodium carbonate _______.
176 Which chemical is used in the above process?
177. A- Preparation of sodium carbonate is disadvantageous in
solvay process.
R- low solubility of sodium bicarbonate.
178. In what form is sodium bicarbonate ppted in Solvay process?
179. How is ammonium bicarbonate prepared in solvay process?
What kind of solution is used for it?
180. N H 3 + _____ + ______ --- ______
________ + H2O + CO2 ---_______
________ + NaCl -- NH4Cl + NaHCO3
181. How can Washing soda be obtained from the final product of
the above rxn?
182. How can NH3 be recovered in the above process?
183. What is the by product in the Nh3 recovery rxn?
184. NH4Cl + ______ --- NH3 + ______ + H2O
185. A Solvay process can be used to produce potassium
carbonate.
R- Potassium bicarbonate is less soluble to form ppt.
186. Sodium carbonate is __________ solid, which exists as a
_________.
187. St – Washing soda is pentahydrate.
188. St – Washing soda is sparingly soluble in water.
189. St- on heating at 373K washing soda loses all its hydrate.
St- Na2Co3 Decahydrate becomes anhydrous at temp above
373K.
190. St- On heating the monohydrate loses its water of
crystallization.
191. At what temp washing soda becomes anhydrous?
192. St- At room temp washing soda becomes anhydrous.
193. St- On heating washing soda, it forms a black powder called
ash.
194. Anhydrous form of washing soda is called ____________.
195. Na2Co3.10H2O ----375K--- x + _H2O
196. x ----- >373K ---- ________ + ______.
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197. What is the ph of the solution when Na2Co3 is added to
water?
198. CO2−¿¿
3 + H2O ---- _______ + _______.
199. Washing soda is used in _________, _________ and cleaning.
200. Washing soda is used in manufacture of ____, ____, ______ and
_____.
201. Washing soda is used in ______, _______ and ______ industries.
202. In laboratory washing sod a is used as?
203. The most abundant source of NaCl is ______ which contains
_____% by ______ of the salt.
204. In which countries salt is obtained by evaporation of sea
water?
205. _________ amount of salt is produced in India per ______ by
_______.
206. How can crude sodium chloride be obtained?
207. What are the impurities in crude NaCl?
208. Impurities in crude NaCl are of ________ nature.
209. St- Crude NaCl kept in a open dish remains in solid form.
210.How to obtain pure NaCl?
211. Which gas saturates purified NaCl?
212. A- Crude NaCl is purified by dissolving in water.
R- CaCl2 and MgCl2 are less soluble in water and remain in
solution.
213. Melting Point of NaCl.
214. NaCl has solubility ______ in ______ g of water at ______K.
215. St- NaCl is more soluble at high temp.
216. Uses of Nacl for domestic purpose.
217. NaCl is used in the preparation of _____, ______ and ______.
218. Commercial prep of NaOH. Which cell is used for this rxn?
219. Which solution is used in electrolytic prep of NaHg?
220. What are the cathode and anode in above rxn?
221. St- Sodium is discharged at anode.
St- Chlorine is evolved at cathode.
In electrolysis of brine solution what is evolved at cathode.
222. Which gas is evolved when sodium amalgam is treated with
water?
2NaAmalgam + 2H2O ---- _________ + _______+ ______
223. NaOH is _______, _________ solid.
224. Melting Point of NaOH.
225. A- Ksp of NaOH is defined.
R- Its sparingly soluble in water.
226. A- NaOH reacts with water to release a cation.
R- NaOH + H2O solution is acidic.
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227. St- Powder of NaOH is Hygroscopic.
228. St- NaOH solution in an open vessel remains inert. CORRECT
IF FALSE
229.NaOh is used in manufacture of ________ and ______.
230. In which factory NaOH is used?
231. NaOh is used in which Metallurgical process.
232. In which industries is NaOH is used? Why?
233. NaOH prepares _____ and _____.
234. Sodium bicarbonate is also called __________.
235. Why is it called so?
236. Preparation of sodium bicarbonate.
237. St- Sodium bicarbonate is colourless.
238. A- NaHCO3 is sepaarates out
R- Its highly soluble.
239. _______ + ______ + _____ -- NaHCO3
240. Medicinal use of NaHCo3.
241. Daily life use of NaHCO3.

BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF SODIUM AND

POTASSIUM.
242. _____ kg of man contains ______ g of sodium, _______g of
potassium compared with ______g of iron and _____ g of copper.
243. Alkali metal found in blood plasma and interstitial fluid
________.
244. Biological importance of sodium bicarbonate.
245. St – Sodium and potassium are different chemically.
246. Na and K differ ___________, _________, ____________.
247. Most abundant cation in cell fluids. _________.
248. St – Na activates many enzymes.
249. St – K reduces glucose to produce ATP.
250. There is little variation in conc of Na and K on opposite side
of the cell membrane. T/F
251. Ammount of Na in blood plasma is ______mmolL-1 where K is
______ mmolL-1.
252. Within WBC Na is _______mmolL-1 and K is ______mmolL-1.
253. St- K is 105 mmolL-1 inside RBC.
254. __________ demonstrates the discriminatory mechanism called
_________.
255. How much energy is consumed By pumps on Nerve
membranes?
(resting animal, resting human)
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GROUP 2 ELEMNTS- ALKALINE EARTH
256. Be shows ______ relationship with ________.
257. Noble gas core of Ba and Ra.
PROPERTIES w.r.t ALKALI METALS DOWN THE GROUP
Atomic radii
Ionization Enthalpy 1st IE = ? 2nd I.E = ?
Hydration Enthalpy
Reactivity
Electropositive char
Reducing Nature
Reducing Power
258.
259. Why Alkali earth metals have low I.E.?
260. Order of Hydration Enthalpy.
261. St- The alkaline earth metals are less extensively hydrated
than alkali metals.
262. St- MgCl2 and CaCl2 doesn’t have water of crystallization.
St- NaCl and KCl always exist in hydrated form.
263. Hydrates of Mg and Ca.
264. What is the colour, lust, and hardness in general and w.r.t
alkali metals.
265. Which alkali metals Differ from group colour and what is
their colour?
266. St- Trend of MP and BP of alkaline earth is symmetric.
267. Which alkaline earth metal shows exceptional M.P?
268. A- Alkaline earth are strongly electropositive.
R- They have high I.E.

Metal Ca Sr Ba
269. Colour
270. A- Be and Mg impart characteristic colour to flame.
R – Their electrons are loosely bound.
271. St- Flame test is done for _______ anlysis and ______ of Ca, Sr,
and Ba.
271. Technique and test to detect Ca, Sr and Ba.
272. Two Typical Characteristics of metals.

CHEMIACAL PROPERTIES
273. A – Ba and Mg are readily attacked by O2 and H20.
R – Formation of oxide film on surface.
274. What is the chemical behaviour of Be and Mg to air?
275. _______ Be burns brilliantly on ignition to give ______ and
________.
276. St- Be is more electropositive than Mg.
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277. Mg burns with ________ in air to give ______ and ______.
278. St – Ca, Sr and Ba are readily attacked by air to form oxide
and Nitride.
279. St- Ca, Sr and Ba reacts with water with decreasing vigour.
280. St- Ca, Sr and Ba reacts with warm water only.
281. St- Most of the Alkaline earth metals combines with
Halogens.
282. St- Alkaline earth combines with halogens at low temp.
283. best route for prep of BeF2 is by ___________.
284. ______ + ______ +Cl2 --- BeCl2 + CO
285. St- Only Be combines with Hydrogen upon cooling to form
hydrides.
286. _______ + ________ ---- BeH2 + LiCl + AlCl3.
287.St- Alkaline earth don’t react readily with acids.
288. What is the value of reduction potential of alkaline earth
metals?
289. St – Be has most -ve Reduction potential.
290. A- Be has high reducing nature.
R- Be has high Ionisation Energy.
300. Why Be has highest hydration energy? (Size and Enthalpy)
301. What is the colour of ammoniated alkaline earth solutions?
302. What is recovered form the rxn of alkaline earth with liq
ammonia?
USES
303. Be is used in manufacture of __________.
304. _______ alloys are used in preparation of high strength
springs.
305. _______ is used for making windows of _______.
306. Mg from alloys with _______, _______, ________ and ________.
307. _________ being _____ in mass are used in _____________.
308. Mg (_____ and ______) is used in _______ and ______, ______ and
_____.
309. Milk of magnesia is composed of _____________.
310. ________ is used as an antacid.
311. _________ is ingredient of toothpaste.
312. _________ is used in extraction of metals from _____.
313. St- Alkali earth extracts metals easily reduced by carbon.
314. ______ and _______ owing to their reactivity with O2 and N2 at
________, have often been used to remove air from _________.
315. Which alkali earth metal is used in treatment of cancer?
Name the process.
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GENERAL CHAR OF COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI
METALS.
316. What is the most Predominant O.S of Alkaline earth metals?
317. What kind of compounds does alkali earth metals produce?
318. Compare it to alkali metals. Why are they so?
319. Covalent oxides of alkaline earth metals are ________ and
________.
320. St- Ca, Sr and Ba oxides are most covalent.
321. What is the general structure of alkali metal oxides and
hydroxides?
322. What kind of oxides does the alkaline earth metals form,
structure?
323. Name the amphoteric oxide of alkali metal group.
324. What is the chemical nature of Calcium oxide and Strontium
oxide?
325. What is the in general ph of alkali metal oxides?
326. St- BeO is basic in Nature.
327. St- Most alkali metals react with water to form insoluble
hydroxides.
328. what is the trend of solubility, thermal stability and basic
char of alkaline earth hydroxides?
329. Which alkaline earth is most stable thermally?
330. St- KOH is less basic and less stable than Mg(OH)2.
331. Be(OH)2 is ________ in nature and reacts with ______ and ______
both.
332. Be(OH)2 + 2OH- --- __________.
Be(OH)2 + 2HCl + 2H2O --- _________.
333. What is the general chemical nature of alkaline earth
halides?
334. An, exceptional alkaline halide which isn’t ionic is _________.
What is it?
335. St – Be(OH)2 is insoluble in organic solvents.
336. What is the structure of BeCl2 in solid state and vapour
phase?
337. St- BeCl2 forms bridged dimer in solid state.
338. The solid halide with chain like structure in solid state
________.
339. What happens when BeCl2 (g) is heated to high temp?
340. At what temp BeCL2 dissociates.
341. What is the trend of forming halide hydrates down the
group 2?
342. Name the halide hydrates of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.
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343. What happens on heating chlorides, Bromides and iodides of
Ca, Sr and Ba?
344. St- Be and Mg hydrated halides gets dehydrated on heating.
St – CA, Sr and Ba fluorides gets dehydrated on heating.
345. A- Fluorides are insoluble
R- Fluorides of alkaline earth metals have LOW lattice energy.
346. The commonly formed salts of oxoacids by alkaline earth
metals are ________, _________ and __________.
347. St- Carbonates of alkaline earth metals are soluble in water.
348. How can the carbonates be precipitated?
349. What is the solubility trend of carbonates with +sing atomic
no?
350. Most unstable carbonate of alkaline earth metal is __________.
351. SrCo3 on heating gets?
** Most unstable carbonate of alkaline earth metals. It is kept
in ?
352. What is the order of thermal stability of alkali metal
carbonates?
353. What is the colour of the sulphates of alkaline earth metals?
354. St – Alkaline earth carbonates and sulphates are unstable to
heat.
355. St- MgSO4 is less soluble than CaSO4.
356. Which two sulphates are readily soluble in H2O?
357. Arrange alkaline metal sulphates in decreasing order of
solubility.
358. A – BeSo4 is readily soluble in H20.
R- Be2+ ions overcome the lattice enthalpy factor.
359. How are alkali metal nitrates made?
360. An anhydrous Nitrate ___________.
361. St- magnesium and Barium nitrate are amorphous.
362. How many water molecules are associated with magnesium
nitrate?
363. What is the tendency of hydrate formation by the nitrates?
364. Which nitrate of alkaline earth has most hydration enthalpy?
365.What kind of oxide is formed on heating alkali metal
nitrates?
366. Which gases are evolved on heating Mg(NO3)2?
## Solubility trend of alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates and
sulphates.
10.4 A- Solubility of alkaline earth hydroxides decrease down the
group.
R- Lattice enthalpy decrease much more than the hydration
enthalpy.
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## What influences the lattice enthalpy of alkaline hydroxides?
10.5. A- Solubility of alkaline earth metal sulphates and
carbonates decrease down the group.
R- Lattice enthalpy const. but hydration enthalpy decreases
down the group.
367. Be compounds are largely ________ and gets easily _________.
Why?
368. A- Be can show a coordination number greater than 4.
R- Be has five valence d-orbitals.
369. Mg and Ca can show a coordination number of ____, by
making use of ________.
370. What is the chemical nature of oxides and hydroxides of Be?
371. The ionic radius of Be is ______________.
372. A – BE is readily attacked by acids.
R – Like Al it forms a oxide film.
373. Beryllium and aluminium hydroxides give ________ ion on
dissolving in excess of alkali.
374. St - AlCl forms chain structure in Vapour phase.
375. Be and Al chlorides are soluble in ______ and are used as ____
catalysts.
376. St- Be and Al chlorides are strong lewis bases.
377. Complexes formed by Beryllium and aluminium.

SOME IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS OF CALCIUM.

QUICK LIME
378. Quick Lime formula _______, Slaked Lime formula ________.
379. How is Quick lime prepared in a commercial scale? Where
and at what temp?
380. How the forward reaction of quick lime formation is
favoured?
381. CaO Is ______________ solid with M.p of _________ K.
382. CaO + H20 --- __________
389. Rxn when CaCo3 is heated under open air. (Pg 310 last line
and 311)
390. The process of addition of Water to lump of lime is called?
391. Formation of soda lime.
392. St- CaO is acidic in nature.
393. CaO + Sio2 ---
394. 6Cao + P4O10 ----
395. Primary material in manufacturing cement. _________.
396. Why is quick lime preferred as laboratory alakali?
397. Quick lime is used in manufacture of __________ from _______.
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398. It is used in purification of _______ and manufacture of
________.
SLAKED LIME
399. How is it prepared?
400. What is the colour, nature and solubility of Slaked lime?
401. The aq solution of Slaked lime is known as ________.
402. What is milk of lime?
403. Confirmatory test of Slaked lime is done by?
404. Ca(OH)2 + _____ -- ______ (Milky) + H20
405. Ca(OH)2 + _____(excess) + H20 -- ______.
406. St- On passing excess CO2 through CaCO3 ppt of Ca(HCO3)2
is formed.
407. Milk of lime + Cl2 rxn.
408. Bleaching powder formula ___________.
409. Slaked lime is used in the prep of _________ a building
material.
410. A- Ca(OH)2 is used in white wash.
R- It has deliquescent nature.
411. Name two industries where slaked lime is used.
CALCIUM CARBONATE
412. Natural forms of CaCO3 _________, _______ and ________.
413. _________ + _______ --- CaCO3 + H2O
_________ + _______ --- CaCO3 + 2NaCl
414. Why should excess of CO2 should be avoided?
CaCO3 + _______ (excess) --- _____ + H2O
415. Which compound of calcium is white fluffy powder?
416. St- CaCO3 is insoluble in water.
417. At what temp CaCO3 decomposes?
418. CaCO3 ------ (1200K) _____ + ______
419. CaCO3 reacts with _____ to liberate CO2.
420. Building material form of CaCO3.
421. Used in the manufacture of.
422. Flux in extraction of metals is composed of?
423. in metallurgical process CaCO3 and MgCO3 is together
called?
424. _____________ CaCO3 is extensively used in manufacture of
___________.
425. Biological use of CaCO3 and in tooth paste it is used as?
426. Plaster of paris formula?
427. It is obtained when ___________ (formula) is heated at ______.
428. St – At 393 K one water of crystallization is left.
429. At what temp anhydrous CaSO4 is formed? It is called?
430. Remarkable prop of Plaster of Paris.
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431. St- On mixing with excess water it forms a mass.
432. On mixing with water P.O.P forms _____ that gets into a
_______ in ______ (time).
433. What is the largest use of P.O.P?
434. Medical use of P.O.P?
435. In ________ work and making ________ and _____.
436. Cement was introduced in _______ in ________ by _________. It is
also called __________ because it resembles the _________ quarried in
the ______.
437. Primary components of cement are ______, _______ and
________.
438. Clay which contains ______, _______ along with the _______ of
________, ________ and _______.
439. The avg composition of Portland cement _____%, _____%,
______%, ______%, ______%, and ________%.
440. For a good quality cement the ratio of silica (SiO2): alumina
(Al2O3) should be between _______ and _______.
441. The ratio of lime to the total of the oxides should be _______.
442. Which oxide has the greatest proportion in cement?
443. The raw materials for manufacture of system are _________
and ______.
444. What is formed when clay and lime are strongly heated?
445. How is cement made form the above product?
446. Important ingredients of Portland cement are _____% , ____%
and ________%.
447. Which Calcium salt is most abundant in Portland cement? At
what %?
448. What happens when water is mixed with cement?
449. A- When cement is mixed with water a soft mass is formed.
R- Hydration of the molecules of the constituents and their
arrangement.
450. __________ is added to slow the process of settling of cement
451. A- Gypsum fastens the process of settling of cement.
R- Cement gets excessively hardened.
452. What is the 1st, 2nd and 3rd commodity of a country?
453.Cement is use in ______ and _______ concrete.
454. An adult human body has _____g of Mg and _____g of Ca
compared with only ______ g of iron and ______g of copper.
455. St- The daily requirement of alkali metals in human body is
250g.
456. How much is the daily requirement of alkali metals in human
body?
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457. St- Most enzymes utilize ATP in phosphite transfer require
Mg as catalyst.
458. How much Ca is +nt in bones & teeth?
459. St- Na is used in inter-neuronal transmission.
St- Ca is used in transmission of nerve signal.
460.Which ion maintains cell membrane integrity?
461. Two hormones maintaining Ca levels are ___________and ______.
462. St- Bone is inert and unchanging substance.
463. How much bone is solubilized and redeposited per day?
464. A- all Calcium passes through blood.
R- It is periodically solubilized and redeposited.