Arch 161
Building and Finish Materials
Lecture
Level 1 Term I
Batch 23
Coatings & Paints
Purpose
• Preserve the materials coated
• Produce a pleasing appearance
• Improve sanitary condition
• Obtain better distribution of light.
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic
composition that, after application to a substrate in a
thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most
commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to
objects like wood, walls.
Paint can be made or purchased in many colors—and in
many different types, such as watercolor, synthetic, etc.
Paint is typically stored, sold, and applied as a liquid, but
most types dry into a solid..
Preparation of PAINTS
Types of Coating
- Paints
- Enamels
- Varnishes
- Lacquers
Composition:
Base
Vehicle
Pigment
Drier
Thinner
Paints are categorized in to seven groups:
1. Oil paints
2. Water paints
3. Aluminium paints
4. Cellulose paints
5. Water repellent cement paints
6. Distemper
7. Special paints
oil paints
• These are the traditional type having a linseed oil medium.
• They are respectively termed as primes, undercoats and finishing coats.
• This paint is cheap and easy to apply and it possess good opacity and low glow.
Priming
coat
• Linseed oil, white lead, a small amount of red
lead and extender (a White pigment used to
increase bulk, prevent sedimentation and
Improve spreading)
• The lead base is particularly suitable for external
work;
• Leadless pigments are for internal use.
Under coats
• Linseed oil, white lead(tinted if required) and
has a high quality Drying oil.
Finishing coats
• Oil varnish, pigments of desired colour and
perhaps extenders, and Thinners; finishes
vary from flat to oil-gloss.
Water paints
• include those paints of which the medium is water.
• They are used for only interior works or for the decoration of exterior surfaces.
Aluminium paints
• expensive white paints usually used for decorative works.
• protects iron and steel from corrosion.
• resist heat to great extent.
• used for painting oil tanks, hot water pipes etc.
Cellulose paints
• These are synthetically reproduced from cellulose compounds and most of them have
to be applied as a spray for they dry very quickly by evaporation of the solvent.
• Apart from some kinds metal powders(aluminium and bronze) they are not satisfactory
for general building work but can be used for furniture and fittings in houses.
• They are widely used in the motor car industry.
Water repellent Cement paints
• Used for providing a water-proof coat to external as well as internal walls
of building.
• consist of white cement incorporated with some water proofing agents.
• available in various colors.
DISTEMPERS
• Water paint also known as DISTEMPERS.
• They are used mainly on internal walls and ceilings
and most of them give a flat finish.
• There are several kinds are prepared on the site by
adding water to make a paste.
• They have a drying oil or varnish medium emulsified
in water containing glue or other fixatives.
• Barytes is a common pigment along with tinting
pigment.
• The cheapest type known as soft or ceiling
distemper, contains only a glue size vehicle and tinted
powdered chalk.
• It can be removed by washing or brushing and so is
only used for ceilings.
• Oil bound distemper is a better quality having a
mixture of linseed oil, pigment and extenders.
• It will withstand limited careful washing.
Painting defects
Bleeding or Fading: Fading is the
discoloration of the paint surface.
This is mainly due to atmospheric agencies such as
sunlight,moisture, etc.
To prevent fading or discoloration, weathering
resistant pigments should be used in the paint.
Blistering: It is a common failure caused by poor
adhesion or by moisture pushing off the paint.
It is prevented by having a dry background , proper
priming and removal of very resinous knots.
Blooming: It is the mistiness which can appear on
varnished or highly glossed Surfaces.
Blooming is the defect caused due to improper
ventilation, weathering, defective paint, etc. In this
case, dull patches are formed on the painted surface.
Remedy is to repaint.
Painting
defects
Brush marks: These may be due to the paint being too stiff, by
poor workmanship or
By brushing over paint which has partially set.
They are removed by rubbing down with waterproof abrasive
followed by repainting.
Chalking: It is the powdering of a paint film usually on
exposed outside surfaces.
It is a sign that repainting is necessary and may be due to poor
quality paint.
CISSING: It is the shrinking of a paint film usually in quite
small, but sometimes large areas.
It is often due to a greasy undercoat or lack of key between coats.
Repainting is the cure.
Painting
defects
CRACKING: It starts as fine hair cracks and may turn to flaking.
It can be due to lack of elasticity in the finishing coat or
Unequal elasticity between coats of a paint containing
excessive driers.
Remedy is to repaint.
WRINKLING: Wrinkling occurs when a thick layer of paint is
to be coated on the surface. In this case, the paint film gets
shrinks and develops crawls on the surface as shown in the
picture.
Remedy is to allow the undercoat to dry completely prior to the application of
the final coat.
FLAKING: The detachment of paint film from the surface is
called flaking.
It occurs when the bond between surface and paint film is poor
To prevent this, the surface should be cleaned and rubbed with abrasive paper
before applying paint.
