Computer Vision Class 10 AI Notes CBSE
Computer Vision Glossary
Computer Vision Automotive Facial recognition Medical Imaging
Image Classification Classification + Localization Object detection Goggle lens
Instance segmentation Pixels Convolution Convolution Nuetral network
RBG colurs Image Features Pixel value Convolution layer
Grayscale Images ReLU Pooling layer Fully Connected Layer
Introduction to Computer Vision
Computer vision is a branch in the Domain of AI that enables computers to analyze meaningful information from images, videos,
and other visual inputs.
Computer vision is the same as the human eye, It enables us see-through images or visual data, process and analyzes them on the
basis of algorithms and methods in order to analyze actual phenomena with images.
Applications of Computer Vision
This decade and the upcoming one can witness a significant leap in technology that has put computer vision on the priority list.
Some common uses of Computer Vision are:
Facial recognition
The most frequently used technology is smartphones. It is a technology to remember and verify a person, object, etc from the
visuals from the given pre-defined data. Such kinds of mechanics are often used for security and safety purposes.
For eg: Face security lock-in devices and traffic cameras are some examples using facial recognition.
Facial filters
Modern days social media apps like Snapchat and Instagram use such kinds of technology that extract facial landmarks and process
them using AI to get the best result
Goggle lens
To search data, Google uses Computer vision for capturing and analyzing different features of the input image to the database of
images and then gives us the search.
Automotive
The machinery in industries is now using Computer vision . Automated cars are equipped with sensors and software which can
detect the 360 degrees of movements determine the location, detect objects and establish the depth or dimensions of the virtual
world.
For eg: Companies like Tesla are now interested in developing self-driving cars
Medical Imaging
For the last decades, computer vision medical imaging application has been a trustworthy help for physicians and doctors. It creates
and analyzes images and helps doctors with their interpretation.
The application is used to read and convert 2D scan images into interactive 3D models.
Computer Vision Tasks
The Application of the computer is performed by certain tasks on the data or input provided by the user so it can process and
analyze the situation and predict the outcome.
Single object
Image Classification
Image Classification is the task of identifying an object in the input image and label from a predefined category.
Classification + Localization
As the name suggests, the task identifies the object and locates it in the input image.
Multiple object
Object detection
Object detection tasks extract features from the input and use learned formulas to recognize instances of an object category.
Instance segmentation
Instance segmentation assigns a label to each pixel of the image. It is used for tasks such as counting the number of objects
Basics of Images
The word “pixel” means a picture element.
Pixels
• Pixels are the fundamental element of a photograph.
• They are the smallest unit of information that make up a picture.
• They aretypically arranged in a 2-dimensional grid.
• In genral term, The more pixels you have, the more closely the image resembles the original.
Resolution
• The number of pixels covered in an image is sometimes called the resolution
• Term for area covered by the pixels in covectionally known as resolution.
• For eg :1080 x 720 pixels is a resolution giving numbers of pixels in width and height of that picture.
• A megapixel is a million pixels
Pixel value
• Pixel value represent the brightness of the pixel.
• The range of a pixel value in 0-255(2^8-1)
• where 0 is taken as Black or no colour and 255 is taken as white
Why do pixel values have numbers?
Computer systems only work in the form of ones and zeros or binary systems. Each bit in a computer system can have either a zero
or a one. Each pixel uses 1 byte of an image each bit can have two possible values which tells us that the 8 bit can have 255
possibilities of values that start from 0 and ends at 255.
Grayscale Images
• Grayscale images are images which have a range of shades of gray without apparent colour. The lightest shade is white total
presence of colour or 255 and darkest colour is black at 0.
• Intermerdiate shades of gray have equal brightness levels of the three primary colours RBG.
• The computers store the images we see in the form of these numbers.
RBG colurs
• All the coloured images are made up of three primary colours Red, Green and Blue.
• All the other colour are formed by using these primary colours at different proportions.
• Computer stores RGB Images in three different channels called the R channel, G channel and the B channel.
Image Features
• A feature is a description of an image.
• Features are the specific structures in the image such as points, edges or objects.
• Other examples of features are related to tasks of CV motion in image sequences, or to shapes defined in terms of curves or
boundaries between different image regions.
OpenCV or Open Source Computer Vision Library is that tool that helps a computer to extract these features from the images. It
is capable of processing images and videos to identify objects, faces, or even handwriting.
