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Normalization Practice Questions

The document outlines the process of normalizing a database up to the Third Normal Form (3NF), starting from an unnormalized table and progressing through First (1NF) and Second Normal Forms (2NF). It explains the rules for each normalization form, including the need for unique records and the elimination of transitive functional dependencies. The final structure includes separate tables with primary and foreign keys to ensure data integrity and reduce redundancy.

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92 views11 pages

Normalization Practice Questions

The document outlines the process of normalizing a database up to the Third Normal Form (3NF), starting from an unnormalized table and progressing through First (1NF) and Second Normal Forms (2NF). It explains the rules for each normalization form, including the need for unique records and the elimination of transitive functional dependencies. The final structure includes separate tables with primary and foreign keys to ensure data integrity and reduce redundancy.

Uploaded by

f2023266820
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Question # 01: Normalize up to 3NF.

Solution:
Unnormalized Table (UNF):

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UNF to 1NF:

Alternative 1NF Relations:

2
Functional Dependencies of the 1NF:

Functional Dependencies of the 1NF:

3
1NF to 2NF:

2NF to 3NF:

4
2NF to 3NF:

Summary of the 3NF:

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Decomposition from 1NF into 3NF:

Question # 02: Normalize up to 3NF.

Solution:

Here you see that the Movies Rented column has multiple values.

1NF (First Normal Form) Rules


• Each table cell must contain a single value.

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• Each record must be unique.

• There should only be 1 value in each column.

1NF Example:

In our database, there are 3 people with the same name, Robert Phil, and two of them live in
different places.

Therefore, we need both Name and Address to uniquely identify a record. This represents

a Composite Key.

2NF (Second Normal Form) Rules

• Be on 1NF

• Single Column Primary Key that does not functionally depend on any subset of the

candidate key relationship.

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We will carry out the operations to transform our simple database into the 2nd Normalization

form without partitioning the table above.

Table 1

Table 2

We split our 1NF table into two tables; Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1 contains member information. Table 2 contains information on movie rentals.

We added a new column called MEMBERSHIP_ID, which is the Primary Key for Table 1.

Records can be uniquely identified in Table 1 using the membership ID.

For Table 2, MEMBERSHIP_ID is defined as Foreign Key.

Foreign Key references the Primary Key of another Table and helps you connect tables.

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· A Foreign Key may have a different name than the Primary Key.

· Allows rows in one table to have corresponding rows in another.

· Unlike Primary Key, they do not need to be unique. Most of the time they are not.

· Foreign Key may be empty even if the Primary Key cannot be reset.

What are transitive functional dependencies?

A transitive functional dependency can cause changing a non-key column to change any of the
other non-key columns.

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Consider Table 1. Changing the non-key Name column can change the Salutation column.

3NF (Third Normal Form) Rules

• Be in 2NF

• No transitive functional dependencies

To move our 2NF table to our 3NF table, we need to split the table again.

Below is an example of 3NF in a SQL database:

We split our tables again and created a new table that stores the Salutation column.

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There are no transitive functional dependencies and therefore our table is in 3NF.

The 3rd table contains the SALUTATION_ID Primary_Key and the 1st table contains the

SALUTATION_ID Foreign Key.

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