Solution

CAPACITANCE AND COMBINATION

JEE main - Physics
1.
(d) 1

6
CV
2
0

Explanation:
When two capacitors with capacitance C1 and C2 at potential V1 and V2 connected to
each other by wire, the charge begins to flow from higher to lower potential till they
acquire common potential.
Here, some loss of energy takes place which is given by.
2
Heat loss, H = (V1 - V2)
C1 C2

2(C1 +C2 )

In the equation, put V2 = 0, V1 = V0

C1 = C, C2 = C

2
C
C×

Loss of heat = 2

C
(V0 - 0) = C

6
V
0
2

2(C+ )
2

H= 1

6
CV
0
2

2. (a) 6μC
Explanation:
Current will flow only through the branch containing resistance R2.
amp
E 5
∴ I = = = 1
R2 +r 4+1

Potential difference across R2 = 1 x 4 = 4 volt.

If q be the charge on each plate of the capacitor, then
q q 2q
+ = 4 or = 4
C C C

or or q = 6μC
2q
= 4
−6
3×10

3.
(d)
Q 2Q
,
3 3

Explanation:
In steady state, both the capacitors are at the same potential,
i.e., or or Q2 = 2Q1
Q Q Q Q
1 2 1 2
= =
C1 C2 C 2C

Also, Q1 + Q2 = Q
Q 2Q
∴ Q1 = , Q2 =
3 3

4.
(b) less than nU, nV
Explanation:
less than nU, nV
5.
(b) 18μF
Explanation:
On applying common potential:
( C1 V1 +C2 V2 )
V=
C1 +C2
 C2 ×0)
Now, 20 =
(2×200+

(2+ C2 )

Capacity of second capacitance will be C2 = 18μF

6. (a) 6 V
Explanation:
Net emf in the circuit here,
E = E 2 - E 1 = 16 - 6 = 10 V
While the equivalent capacity,
C1 C2 2×3 6
C = = = μF
C1 +C2 2+3 5

Charge on each capacitor,

6
q = CV = × 10 = 12μC
5

Potential difference across 2 μF capacitor,

q 12
V1 = = = 6V
C1 2

7. (a) nC and V
Explanation:
In parallel C equivalent =C1 + C2 + C2 + ....
in this case, since the capacitance are equal,
C equivalent = nC
in parallel, the voltage remains the same in a lot of branches while the charge gets
divided. so the equivalent voltage remains the same i.e. V.
8.
(c) Q1 = Q2 + Q3 and V = V1 + V2
Explanation:
Q1 = Q2 + Q3 and V = V1 + V2
9.
(d) 36μJ, 24μJ
Explanation:
36μJ, 24μJ

10. (a) q0 = q1 + q2, q2 = q3

Explanation:
Since C2 and C3 are connected in series, hence same amount of charge gets developed
on them, i.e., q2 = q3. The total charge q0 on C1 is shared by the combination.
Therefore,
q0 = q1 + q2
11.
(c) 200 V
 Explanation:
C1 V1 +C2 V2
V =
C1 +C2

−6 −6
10×10 ×250+5×10 ×100
= −6 −6
= 200V
10×10 +5×10

12. (a) 11 μF
Explanation:

ϵ0 A
C = = 7μF
d

4C
×C
3
CAB = C +
4C
+C
3

4C 11C
= C + =
7 7

CAB = 11μF

13. (a) 7.5 V, -2.5 V

Explanation:
If q be the charge on each capacitor, then
or = 2.5 V
q q q q q
+ + + = 10
c c C C C

q q q
VA − VN = + +
C C C

or VA - 0 = 2.5 + 2.5 + 2.5 = 7.5 V

Also,
q
= VN − VB = 0 − VB
C

or 2.5 = 0 - VB or VB = -2.5 V
Also, = V N - VB = 0 - V B
q

or 2.5 = 0 - VB or VB = -2.5V
14.
(d) 24 × 10-6 C
Explanation:

As the capacitors 4 μF and 2 μF connected in parallel, are in series with 6 μF capacitor,

their equivalent capacitance is,
 (2+4)×6
= 3μF
2+4+6

Charge in the circuit, Q - 3 μF × 12 V = 36μ C

Since, the capacitors 4 μF and 2 μF are connected in parallel, therefore, potential
difference across them is same.
or
Q C1
1 4
= =
Q C2 2
2

or Q1 = 2 Q2
Also, Q = Q1 + Q2
36μ C = 2Q2 + Q2
or Q
36μC
2 = = 12μC
3

Q 1 = Q - Q2
= 36 μC -12 μC = 24 μC = 24 × 10-6 C

15.
(b) 4 condensers in series and 8 such groups in parallel
Explanation:
Let m condensers be joined in series and n such groups in parallel. Capacity of m
condensers connected in series:
1
′
=
1

C1
+
1

C2
+ … =
m

C
or C ′
=
C

m
=
4

m
C

When n such groups are connected in parallel, then

′ 4n
Cef f , = nC =
m

Given that; C ef f . = 8 or 8 =
4n

m
v

or n = 2m
Further, mn = 32 or 2 m2 = 32
∴ m = 4 and n = 8
16.
(c) 2 μF
Explanation:
Two capacitors of 2 μF each are in series, so that their capacitance is (2 × 2) / (2 + 2) = 1
μ F. This is in parallel with 1 μ F. Therefore, combining it with above capacitance of 1 μ F

gives capacitance of 2 μF. Then the equivalent circuit becomes as shown in the figure.
The net capacitance is,
 2×2
+ 1 = 2μF
2+2

17.
(d) 1.6 μJ
Explanation:
The given combination is equivalent to two capacitors connected in parallel. So, the total
capacitance = 2 ε A/d. 0

Energy stored = 1 2ε0 A ε0 AV

2
∴ ( )V =
2 d d

Putting the given values, we get energy stored = 1.6 μJ.

18. (a) 13.86 sec
Explanation:
The growth of voltage in a C-R circuit is given by:
V = V0[1 - e-t/RC]
For the given circuit, as per condition given:
Vc (t) =
3

4
th of the voltage applied = 3

4
V0

3 −t/RC
∴ V0 = V0 [1 − e ]
4

or e −t/RC
=
1

or t = 2 RC loge2
= 2 × 4 × 106 × 2.5 × 10-6 × 0.693 = 13.86 sec
19.
(d) K
V1 −V2
=
V2

Explanation:
The common potential,
q1 −q2
V2 =
C1 −C2

Where q1 and q2 are the initial charges stored in the capacitor. But the second capacitor
is initially uncharged, therefore, q2 = 0. But q1 = C1V1 where V1 is the potential of C1.
C1 V1 V1
∴ V2 = =
C1 −K C1 1−K

The capacitance C2 of the second capacitor is KC1.

Therefore, K
V1 −V2
=
V2

20.
(c) 10μF
Explanation:
The given circuit is equivalent to Wheatstone bridge. When the bridge is balanced the
upper two condensers between A and B will be in series. Their resultant would be:
or C ′
1 1 1 2
′
= + = = 5μF
C 10 10 10

Similarly, the lower two condensers between A and B are also in series. Then, the
 resultant capacitance would be:
1
′′
=
1

10
+
1

10
=
2

10
or C ′′
= 5μF
C

The capacitors C' and C" will then be in parallel. Hence, the effective capacitance
between A and B will be:
C = C ' + C" = 5 + 5 = 10μF
21. (a) 8

9
, 18, 4

Explanation:
The time constant of R-C circuit is given by:
τ = Req . Ceq

In figure I: R1 and R2 are in parallel and C1 and C2 are in series.

R1 R2 1×2 2
∴ Req. = = = Ω
R1 +R2 1+2 3

C1 C2 2×4 4
⇒ Ceq. = = = μF
C1 +C2 2+4 3

2 4 8
∴ τ1 = Req , Ceq. = × = μs
3 3 9

In figure II: R1 and R2 are in series C1 and and C2 are in parallel.

Req. = R1 + R2 = 1 + 2 = 3 Ω
Ceq. = C1 + C2 = 2 + 4 = 6 μF
∴ τ2 = Req. Ceq. = 3 × 6 = 18μs

In figure III: R1 and R2 are in parallel and C1 and C2 are in parallel.

R1 R2 1×2 2
∴ Req. = = = Ω
R1 +R2 1+2 3

Ceq = C1 + C2 = 2 + 4 = 6 μF
2
∴ τ3 = Req , Ceq = × 6 = 4μs
3

22.
(c) 3C1 = 5C2
Explanation:
For potential to be made zero, after connection, charges on each capacitor must be
equal and plates 7 opposite polarity must be connected together.
Hence, 120 C1 = 200 C2
or, 3 C1 = 5C2
23.
(c) 2.25 × 10-6 J
Explanation:
Energy stored in the capacitor in Fig. (a).
2
1 Q
−6
= 4.5 × 10 J
2 C

If battery in Fig. 30.79 (a) is replaced by capacitor in Fig. (b),

= 2.25 × 10-6 J
2

total energy stored = 1 1 Q 1 −6

( ) = × 4.5 × 10
2 2 C 2

24.
(b) 4 μF
 Explanation:

The equivalent circuit of the above diagram can be drawn on next page:

Here,
C1 C3
=
C2 C4

So, the Wheatstone’s bridge is now formed which is balanced. Thus, no charge passes
through capacitor C5
So, C1 and C2 capacitors are in series
1 1 1
′
= +
C C1 C2

1 1 1
′
= +
C 4 4

or 1
′
=
2

4
C

C' = 2μF
Similarly, C3 and C4 are in series,
So, C" = 2 μF
Now, C' and C" are in parallel
Hence, C = C' + C"
or C = 2 μF + 2 μF
or C = 4 μF
Hence, the total capacitance between X and Y points is 4 μF.

25.
(b) 4μF
Explanation:
4μF

26.
(b) 6.0 μF
 Explanation:
C2 and C3 are in parallel.
C' = C2 + C3 = 4 μF
∴ As C' and C1 are in series

1
′′
=
1
′
+
C1
1
=
1

4
+
1

4
or C ′′
= 2μF
C C

Similarly, C4 and C5 are in parallel.

C'" = 6 + 2 = 8 μF
C'" and C6 are in series.
1 1 1 1 1
∴ ′′′
= ′′′
+ = +
C C C6 8 8

or C
1
′′′′
= 4μF

Now, C'''' and C" are in parallel, hence equivalent capacity

= 4 μF + 2 μF = 6 μF
27.
(b) 13 V
Explanation:
Let qμC be the charge on two capacitors C1 and C2. Then
q q q q

C1
+
C2
= 30 or 1
+
1.5
= 30

or q = 18μC
q 18
∴ VA − Va = =
C1 1

′ ′

Similarly,
q q
+ = 30
C3 C4

′ ′

or
q q
or q ′
25
+ = 30 = μC
2.5 0.5 2

′
q 25 1
∴ VA − Vb = = × = 5
C3 2 2.5

Vb - Va = (VA - Va) - (VA - Vb) = 18 - 5 = 13

∴

28. (a) 1μF

Explanation:
The given circuit can be redraws as follows

On further solving the network in similar manner equivalent capacitance obtained

between A and B will be 1μF
29.
(c) 30 μC
Explanation:
In series 1

C
=
C1
1
+
1

C2
+
1

C3
and charge on each capacitor is same
1 1 1 1
∴ = + +
C 6 6 3

C = ...(i)
3

∵ q = VC

q = 20 × 3

2
...(By using (i))
= 30 μC
30. (a) 4C

Explanation:

1 1 1
∴ + = ′
2C C C

or C' = 2C/3
Now, C' and C' are in parallel
Hence, Ctotal = 2 × 2C

3
=
4C

31.
(c) 1
Explanation:
1
32. (a) 1.6μJ
Explanation:
The given combination is equivalent to two capacitors connected in parallel. So, the total
capacitance = 2ε 0 A/d

Energy stored = 1 2ε0 A ε0 AV

2
∴ ( )V =
2 d d

Putting the given values, we get energy stored = 1.6μJ

33.
(d) 40μC
Explanation:
Both the capacitors are in series. Therefore, charge stored on them will be same
Net capacity =
C(2C)
2
= C
C+2C 3

2
= × 6μF = 4μF
3

Potential difference = 10 V
∴ q = CV = 40μC

34. (a) 72 component capacitors

Explanation:
Number of capacitors required in series = 3000

500
= 6

The capacitance of series combination = ( 1

6
)μF

To obtain a capacitor of 2μF, we should use 12 such combinations.

∴ Total number of capacitor required = 12 × 6 = 72

35.
(b) 32

23
μF

Explanation:
Capacitors 2μF and 2μF are parallel, their equivalent = 4 μF, 6μF and 12 μF are in series,
their equivalent = 4 μF
Now 4μF (2 and 2 μF) and 8μF in series = μF 3

And 4μF (12 & 6 μF) and 4μF in parallel = 4 + 4 = 8μF

8μF in series with 1μF = 1

8
+ 1 ⇒
8

9
μF

Now Ceq = 8

9
+
8

3
=
32

Ceq of circuit = 32

With C - 1

Ceq
=
C
1
+
9

32
= 1 ⇒ C =
32

23
μF

36.
(d) 1.6 μF
Explanation:
In parallel combination, Ceq = C1 + C2 = 10 μF
When connected across 1 V battery, then

1 2
( C1 V )
U1 2
1 C1 1
= = ⇒ =
U2 1 2 4 C2 4
( C2 V )
2

∴C2 = 8 μF and C1 = 2 μF
Now C1 and C2 are connected in series combination,
Cequivalent = = 1.6 μF
C1 C2 2×8 16
∴ = =
C1 +C2 2+8 10

37.
(c) 3 μF
 Explanation:

The equivalent capacitance between A and B is:

6×3 2×2
Ceq = + = 3μF
6+3 2+2

38.
(b) 9
Explanation:
The potential difference across the branch de is 6 V.
The net capacitance of de branch is 2.1 μF
So, q = CV = 2.1 × 6 μC = 12.6 μC
Potential across 2 and 5 combination in parallel is
6 - 4.2 = 1.8 V
So, q = (1.8) (5) = 9 μC
39.
(d) 0.0375 J
Explanation:
Energy loss = 1 C1 C2 2
⋅ (V1 − V2 )
2 C1 +C2

−6 −6
1 3×10 ×5×10 2
= ⋅ −6
(500 − 300)
2 (3+5)10

−6 2

= 0.0375 J
15×10 ×(200)
= J
16

40. (a) 36μJ, 54μJ

Explanation:
36μJ, 54μJ

41. (a) 1 : 15
Explanation:
In series combination:
1
= 1

3
+ 1

9
+= 1

2
or Cs = 2μF
C
s

In Parallel combination:
Cp = 3 + 9 + 18 = 30μF
Ratio of equivalent capacitance
C
s
= 2

30
= 1

15
C
p

42.
(c) 80 pF
Explanation:
By using C =
ε0 A

C1 = ε0 A

d
 = 10 pF ...(i)
C2 = K
εo A

4×2ε0 A
=
d

= 8 × 10 ...(By using (i))

= 80 pF
43.
(b) E1 (K1 +K2 +K3 )(K2 K3 +K3 K1 +K1 K2 )
=
E2 9K1 K2 K3

Explanation:
e.g.

Case I:

Capacitance of equivalent circuit are

 ε0 A 3ε0 A
C1 = ⋅ K1 = ⋅ K1
d d
( )
3

ε0 A 3ε0 A
C2 = K2 = K2
d d
( )
3

and C
ε0 A 3ε0 A
3 = K3 = K3
d d
( )
3

So, equivall/ent capacitance,

C1 = C1 + C2 + C3
ε0 A ε0 A ε0 A
= K1 + K2 + K3
3d 3d 3d

...(i)
ε0 A
CI = (K1 + K2 + K3 )
3d

Case II:

ε0 A 3ε0 A
C1 = ⋅ K1 = K1
d d
( )
3

ε0 A 3ε0 A
C2 = K2 = K2
d d
( )
3

and C
ε0 A 3ε0 A
3
= K3 = K3
d d
( )
3

So, equivalent capacitance,

1 1 1 1
= + +
CII C1 C2 C3

d d d
= + +
3ε0 AK1 3ε0 AK2 3ε0 AK3

1 d 1 1 1
⇒ = [ + + ]
CII 3ε0 A K1 K2 K3

...(ii)
3ε0 A K1 K2 K3
CII = [ ]
d K1 K2 +K2 K3 +K3 K1

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

C1 ε0 A
= (K1 + K2 + K3 )
C11 3d d

d(K1 K2 +K2 K3 +K3 K1 )

×
3ε0 A(K1 K2 K3 )

(K1 +K2 +K3 )(K1 K2 +K2 K3 +K3 K1 )

=
9K1 K2 K3

Now, energy stored in capacitor, E =

1

2
CV
2

⇒ E ∝ C

E1 CI
∴ =
EII CII

44.
(c) 12
Explanation:
In the given arrangement, capacitor can be viewed as three­-different capacitors
connected in parallel as shown below,
 So, equivalent capacity of the system is
Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3
K ε0 A K1 ε0 A/3 K2 ε0 A/3
⇒ = +
d d d

K3 ε0 A/3
+
d

K1 K2 K3
⇒ K = + +
3 3 3

Here, K1 = 10, K 2 = 12 and K3 = 14

So, K
10+12+14
= ⇒ K = 12
3

45.
(d) ε0 A

d
(
K1 +K2

2
)

Explanation:
The given combination is equivalent to two capacitors in parallel each with plate area
A/2 and separation d.
Then, C
K1 ε0 (A/2) K1 ε0 A
1
= =
d 2d

K2 ε0 (A/2) K2 ε0 A
C2 = =
d 2d

ε0 A K1 +K2
∴ C = C1 + C2 = ( )
d 2

46.
(d) 5μF
Explanation:
Charge on capacitor plates without the dielectric is:
−6 −6
Q = CV = (5 × 10 F) × 1V = 5 × 10 C = 5μC

The capacitance, after the introduction of dielectric, is given by

ϵ0 A ϵ0 A/d
′
C = =
t−t/K
t
d−(t− ) 1−( )
K d

C 5μF
= =
t−t/K 4cm−4cm/4
1−( ) 1−( )
d 6cm

5μF
= = 10μF
4−1
1−( )
6

∴ Charge on capacitor plate now will be

 Q' = C'V = 10μF × 1V = 10μC
Additional charge transferred
′
= Q − Q = 10μC − 5μC = 5μC

47.
(b) 1.5
Explanation:
Equivalent capacitance in series,
Ceq = =
C(KC)
KC

C+KC K+1

24 = K40
[∵ Ceq = 24μF]
K+1

24(K + 1) = 40 K ∴ K = 1.5
48.
(b)
AKε0 αd
(1 + )
d 2

Explanation:

Given, K(x) = K(1 + αx)

Capacitance of element, Cel =
K ε0 A

dx

ε0 K(1+αx)A
⇒ Cel =
dx

d
1 1 dx
∴ ∫ d( ) = = ∫ ( )
C Cel ε0 KA(1+αx)
0

1 1 d
⇒ = [ln(1 + αx)]
C ε0 KAα 0

⇒
1

C
=
ε0 KAα
1
ln(1 + αd)[αd << 1]

=
2 2
1 α d
[αd − ]
ε0 KAα 2

= 1

ε0 KA
[1 −
αd

2
]

ε0 KA ε0 KA αd
∴ C = ⇒ C = (1 + )
αd d 2
d(1− )
2

49.
(b)
ε0 A K1 +K2
( )
d 2

Explanation:
The given combination is equivalent to two capacitors in parallel each with plate area
A/2 and separation d.
Then, C
K1 ε0 (A/2) K1 ε0 A
1 = =
d 2d

K2 ε0 (A/2) K2 ε0 A
C2 = =
d 2d

ε0 A K1 +K2
∴ C = C1 + C2 = ( )
d 2

50.
2

(d)
Kε0 a
ln K
d(K−1)
 Explanation:
Let's consider a strip of thickness 'dx" at a distance of 'x' from the left end as shown in
the figure. From the figure, ΔABC and ΔADE are similar triangles,
...(i)
y d d
⇒ = ⇒ y = ( )x
x a a

We know that, the capacitance of parallel plate capacitor,

ε0 A
C =
d

ε0 (adx) K ε0 (adx)
C1 = and C2 =
y
(d−y)

Here, two capacitor are placed in series with variable thickness, therefore
...(ii)
C1 C2 K ε0 adx
Ceq = ⇒ Ceq =
C1 +C2 Kd+(1−K)y

Now, integrate it from 0 to a

a K ε0 adx
C = ∫
0 Kd+(1−K)y

Using Eq. (i), y = ( d

a
)x , we get
a
dx
C = ε0 a ∫
1 d
d+( −1) x
0 K a

ε0 a 1
⇒ C = ln[ ]
1−K d K
( )
K a

2
Kε0 a
⇒ C = ln K
d(K−1)

51. (a) 40.5 pF

Explanation:
C1 C2
C =
C1 +C2

where C1 =
K1 ε0 A K2 ε0 A
and C2 =
d/3 2d/3

It is given that;
ε0 A
= 9pF
d

Hence, C1 = 81 pF and C2 = 81 pF
∴ C = 40.5 pF

52. (a) 0.44 × 10 −10

C N
2 −1
m
−2

Explanation:
Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air is:
ϵ0 A
C =
d

Capacitance of a same parallel plate capacitor with the introduction of a dielectric

 medium is:
K ϵ0 A
′
C =
d

where K is the dielectric constant of a medium,

′

or C

C
= K or K =
15

3
= 5

Now, K =
∈

∈0
= 5

or ϵ = 5ϵ 0
= 5 × 8.854 × 10
−12

−10 2 −1 −2
= 0.44 × 10 C N m

53. (a) 6 × 10-7 C/m2

Explanation:
Here, K = 2.2. E = 3 × 104 Vm-1
Electric field between the parallel plate capacitor with dielectric,
σ
E =
Kε0

∴ = 2.2 × 8.85 × 10-12 × 3 × 104

σ = K ε0 E

= 6 × 10-7cm-2
54.
(d) 3.75 × 10-6 J
Explanation:
Potential energy stored in a capacitor is
1 1Q2
U = QV =
2 2C

So, initial energy of the capacitor, U i =

1

2
2
Q /C1

Final energy of the capacitor, U f =

1

2
2
Q /C2

As we know, work done, W = ΔU = Uf − Ui

1 2 1 1
= Q [ − ]
2 C2 C1

Here, Q = 5µC = 5 × 10-6 C,

C1 = 5µF = 5 × 10-6F,
C2 = 2µF = 2 × 10-6 F
⇒
1
ΔU =
2

2
−6 1 1
× (5 × 10 ) [ −6
⋅ −6
]
2×10 5×10

−12
1 5×5×10 3
= × ×
−6
2 10 10

25×3 −6
= × 10 J
20

⇒ ΔU = 3.75 × 10-6 J
Work done in reducing the capacitance from 5µF to 2µF by pulling plates of capacitor
∴

apart is 3.75 × 10-6 J

55. (a) 10
Explanation:
U = . As C = constant, U ∝ q2
2
q

2c

So, =( =
U2 q U1
2 2 2
) ⇒ q q
U1 q1 1 U2 2
 2

= =
U 2 q1 1
2
⇒ q × (q1 + 2) ⋅( )
1 1.44U q+2 1.44

= 1.2 q1 = q1 + 2 ⇒ 0.2 q1 = 2 ⇒ q1 = 10 C
q
1 1
⇒ ⇒
q +2 1.2
1

56.
(b) C1 +C2
C2
U0

Explanation:
Initial energy, U i = U0 =
1

2
C1 V
2
0

Initial charge of the system is Qi = C1V0

After connecting another capacitor the final charge Q f
= (C1 + C2 ) Vc

where VC = Common potential after connecting.

As total charge is conserved, Qi = Qf ⇒ C V = (C 1 0 1 + C2 ) Vc

C1 V0
∴ Vc =
C1 +C2

Final energy, U 1 2 1 C1 V0 C1 U0
f
= (C1 + C2 ) V = (C1 + C2 ) ( ) =
2 c 2 C1 +C2 C1 +C2

Energy dissipation = U
C1 U0 C2 U0
i − Uf = U0 − =
C1 +C2 C1 +C2

57.
(b) 300 μJ
Explanation:
Energy, E 1
=
1

2
C1 V
1
2
=
1

2
× 1 × 10
−6
× (30)
2
= 450 × 10-6 J
q +q
Common potential, V =
1

C1 +C2
2
=
1×30+0

1+2
= 10volt

1 2 1 −6 2
E2 = (C1 + C2 ) V = (1 + 2) × 10 × (10)
2 2

= 1.5 × 100 × 10-6 = 150 × 10-6 J

Loss of energy = E2 - E1 = 300 μJ
58.
(d) (ii) only
Explanation:
There is an equal and opposite charge on the plates of a parallel plate capacity.
Therefore there is no net charge on the capacitor.
59.
(b) U

Explanation:
2

Energy stored in a capacitor is U =

Q

2C

As the battery is disconnected, total charge Q is shared equally by two capacitors.

2 2

So energy of each capacitor =

(Q/2) 1 Q U
= =
2C 4 2C 4

60. 16.0
Explanation:
When battery is connected,
Q1 = C1V = 2 ×10 = 20 μC
When battery is removed and the capacitor is connected
Q1 = C1V + C2V ⇒ 20 = (2 + 8)V ∴ V = 2V
Therefore charge in C2 = C2V = 16 μC
61. 25
Explanation:
The equivalent capacitance between points P and Q is capacitance between two
neighbouring plates by Wheatstone bridge

−12
ε0 A 8.85×10 ×0.05
Ceq = = = 25pF
d −3
17.7×10

62. 4.0
Explanation:

Equivalent capacitance Ceq = 0.5 μF

Charge given by battery
Q = Ceq V = 0.5 × 10 = 5 μC
Charge on C4,
Q' = = 4 μC
5μC×0.8

0.8+0.2

63. 5.0
Explanation:
Charge of on the capacitor, Q =,CV
Charge on C1 is Q1 = 2 ×10 = 20μC
Charge on C2 is Q2 = x × 10 = 10xμC
Charge on C3 is Q3 = 3 ×10 = 30μC
Total charge, Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
20 + 10x + 30 = 100 ⇒ x = 5
64. 5.0
Explanation:
Plate area, A = 200 cm2 = 200 × 10-4 m2
The equivalent capacitance of the combination is
−4

Ceq = = = 5ε
ε0 A ε0 ×200×10

−3 0
(d−c) 4×10

65. 9
Explanation:
When the switch is open, the two capacitors are in series. Let charge flown through a
switch in this situation is Q1.
Then, Q i =
3×2

3+2
× 5 = 6μC

When the switch is close, then let charge flown through switch PQ is
Qf = 3 × 5 = 15 μC
 The extra charge flown through PQ due to closing of the switch is
Δ Q = Qi - Qf = 15 - 6 = 9μC
66. 7
Explanation:
Equivalent circuit is as shown in figure.

Each capacitor is having capacitance 2C.

Cequivalent = 2C + 3C + 2C = 7C
67. 7
Explanation:
Equivalent circuit is as shown in figure. Here, 3C1 and 6C1 are in series which is in parallel
with 5C1. So,

where C
3C1 ×6C1 ε0 A
C = + 5C1 =
equivalent 9C1
1
d

= 2C1 + 5C1 = 7C1 =

7ε0 A

68. 4
Explanation:

The situation before removing the battery is shown in figure

q1 = CV, q2 = 2CV
When battery is removed and a dielectric is inserted into C, the situation just after
insertion of dielectric and steady state are shown in figure.

q1 + q2 = KC (
V

2
) + 2C (
V

2
) or, 3CV = (
K

2
+ 1) CV

∴ K=4
69. 60.0
Explanation:
Capacitances of the capacitors,
ϵ0 ϵI A ϵ0 ϵT A
C1 = t1
1
,C2 = 2

t2

Let V be the voltage of conducting foil. As the capacitors are connected in series, so
charge on the capacitors should be same
Q 1 = Q2
 ⇒ C1(100 - V) = C2 V (∵ Q = CV)
= = 600 - 6V = 4V ⇒ V = 60V
ϵ0 ϵ1 A ϵ0 ϵ2 AV 3×(100−V )
4×V
⇒ (100 − V ) ⇒ ⇒
−3 −3
t1 t2
0.5×10 1×10

70. 6.0
Explanation:
Initialy capacitor by air medium of thickness d,

C=
ϵ0 A
= 5 μF
d

d d

Ceq
= 2

ϵ0 A
+
ϵ0 AK
2

Ceq = ( K+1
2K
)
∈0 A

d
=( 2×1.5

1.5+1
) 5 = 6 μF
71. 6.0
Explanation:
C = 600 × 10-12 F, V = 200 V

Q = CV = 600 × 10-12 × 200 = 12 × 10-8 C

Initial energy = 1

2
CV
2

= 1

2
× 600 × 10
−12
× (200)
2
= 12μJ
When connected to another uncharged capacitor

Charge will be equally distributed on identical capacitor

−8

Q' = = 6 × 10
Q 12×10 −8
= C
2 2

′2 ′2

Final energy = 2 ×
Q Q
=
2C C

2
−8
(6×10 )
= −12
= 6μ J
600×10

Energy lost in the process = Initial energy - Final energy

= (12 - 6) μJ = 6μJ
72. 6
Explanation:
 In the first condition, electrostatic energy is
Ui = C V = × 60 × 10-12 × 400 = 12 × 10-9 J
1

2 0
2 1

In the second condition UF = C V

2
1 ′ ′

Uf = 1 V0 V0
′ ′
2C ⋅ ( ) (∵ C = 2C, V = )
2 2 2

= 1

4
60 × 10-12 × (20)2 = 6 × 10-9 J
×
-9 -9
Energy lost = Ui - Uf = 12 × 10 J -6 × 10 J = 6 nJ
73. 160
Explanation:
Work done = charge × potential difference
W = 4 × (4 × 106 - 0) = 16 × 106 J
Power of the lightening strike,
= 160 MW
6
W 16×10
P = = −3
t 100×10

74. 4
Explanation:
Given, C1 = 5 μF and V1 = 220 Volt
When capacitor C1 fully charged it is disconnected from the
supply and connected to uncharged capacitor C2.
C2 = 2.5 μF, V2 = 0
Energy change during the charge redistribution,
Δ U = Ui - U f = (V1 - V2)2 1

2
C1 C2

C1 +C2

2
= × 1

2
(220 - 0) μJ
5×2.5

(5+2.5)

6
= × 22 × 22 × 100 × 10
2×3
5
J
= × 10
5×11×22 -4 J = × 10
-4 J 55×22

3 3

-4 -3 -2
= 1210

3
× 10 J= 1210

3
× 10 J = 4 × 10 J
-2
According to questions, 100
x
= 4 × 10 ∴ x = 4
75. 0.10
Explanation:
When charges are placed at vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 1 m, then potential
energy of the combination is,

−12 −12 −12

1 1×2×10 1 2×3×10 1 3×1×10
U1 = ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
4πε0 (1) 4πε0 (1) 4πε0 (1)

1 −12
= 11 × × 10 J
4πε0

When charges are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 0.5 m, then
potential energy of the combination is,
 −12 −12 −12
1 1×2×10 1 2×3×10 1 3×1×10
U2 = ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅
4πε0 (0.5) 4πε0 (0.5) 4πε0 (0.5)

1 −12
= 22 × × 10
4πε0

Work done = ΔU = U2 − U1

1 −12 1
= 22 × × 10 − 11 ×
4πε0 4πε0

−12
× 10

1 −12
= 11 × × 10
4πε0

= 11 × 9 × 109 × 10-12
-3
= 99 × 10 = 0.099 J ≈ 0.10 J