Engineering Mathematics II (BAS203) AIT, Kanpur

Unit 4: Complex variable: Differentiation

1. (a) Show that the following functions are analytic everywhere in the complex plane, also find their derivatives if exists:
(i) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 ! (ii) 𝑓(𝑧) = sinh 𝑧 (iii) 𝑓(𝑧) = sin 𝑧 (iv) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 " (v) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑧, 𝑧 ≠ 0 (vi) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑒 # (cos 𝑦 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦) (b) Determine
#%&'
which of the following functions are analytic: (i) 𝑓(𝑧) = 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑖(𝑥 $ − 𝑦 $ ) (ii) # !('!
2. Find the values of a, b, c such that the function 𝑓(𝑧) is analytic. Express 𝑓(𝑧) in terms of z, where (i) 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑦 +
𝑖(𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐𝑦) (ii) 𝑓(𝑧) = −𝑥 $ + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 $ + 𝑖(𝑎𝑥 $ + 𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 $ )
3. (i) Show that 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑖𝑦 is everywhere continuous but is not analytic (ii) Show that 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 + 2𝑧̅ is not analytic anywhere
in the complex plane (iii) Show that 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧̅ is continuous at 𝑧 = 0 but not differentiable at any point in the complex plane
and hence not analytic at any point (iv) Show that 𝑓(𝑧) = |𝑧|$ is differentiable only at 𝑧 = 0 and nowhere else, hence it is not
analytic at any point (v) Show that 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧|𝑧| is not analytic anywhere. (vi)

#%&'
Show that 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 = , 𝑎 ≠ 0, is not an analytic function of z = x + iy whereas u – iv is such a function.
#%&'()

4. (i) Show that the function defined by 𝑓(𝑧) = C(|𝑥𝑦|) is not regular at origin, although C-R equations are satisfied there.
# " (+(&)%' " (+%&)
(ii) Prove that the function f (z) defined by 𝑓(𝑧) = , 𝑧 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(0) = 0 is continuous and C-R equations are
# ! (' !
# " '('%&#)
satisfied at the origin yet 𝑓 - (0) does not exist (iii) Prove that the function f (z) defined by 𝑓(𝑧) = # # (' !
, 𝑧 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(0) =
# ! ' $ (#(&')
0 is not analytic at origin (iv) Examine the nature of the function 𝑓(𝑧) = , 𝑧 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(0) = 0 in the region including
# % (' &'
$#'(#(&')
the origin (v) Show that for the function 𝑓(𝑧) = , 𝑧 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(0) = 0, the C-R equations are satisfied at origin but
# ! (' !
# " ' $ (#(&')
derivative of 𝑓(𝑧) does not exists at origin (vi) Show that for the function 𝑓(𝑧) = , 𝑧 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(0) = 0 is not analytic
# # (' &'
at the origin even though it satisfies C-R equations at origin (vii) Give an example of a function in which Cauchy- Riemann
equations are satisfied yet the function is not analytic at the origin. Justify your answer.
'
5. (i) If 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 $ − 𝑦 $ and 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = # !('!, prove that both u and v satisfy Laplace’s equation but are not harmonic conjugates.
'
(ii) Prove that 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 $ − 𝑦 $ and 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) = # !('! are harmonic functions but 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is not an analytic function of z.
6. (a) Show that the following functions are harmonic, also find their harmonic conjugate and analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣:
+
(i) 𝑢 = $ log (𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ ) (ii) 𝑣 = sinh 𝑥 cos 𝑦 (iii) 𝑢 = 𝑒 %$#' sin(𝑥 $ − 𝑦 $ ) (b) (i) In a two – dimensional fluid flow, the stream
'
function is 𝜓 = − # !('!, find the velocity potential 𝜙 (ii) An electrostatic field in the xy – plane is given by the potential function
𝜙 = 3𝑥 $ 𝑦 − 𝑦 ! , find the stream function and hence find complex potential (iii) In a two dimensional fluid flow, the stream
function is 𝜓 = tan%+ (𝑦/𝑥), find velocity potential 𝜙.
7. Determine the analytic function 𝑤 = 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 whose real part is given by (i) 𝑢 = 𝑥 ! − 3𝑥𝑦 $ + 3𝑥 $ − 3𝑦 $ + 1 (ii) 𝑢 =
𝑒 # (𝑥 cos 𝑦 − 𝑦 sin 𝑦) and 𝑓(1) = 𝑒 (iii) 𝑢 = 𝑒 $# (𝑥 cos 2𝑦 − 𝑦 sin 2𝑦) (iv) 𝑢 = 𝑒 %# (𝑥 sin 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦) (v) 𝑢 = cos 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 (vi)
𝑢 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 $ + 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 $ )
8. Determine an analytic function 𝑓 (𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 in terms of z whose imaginary part is (i) 𝑣 = 𝑒 # (𝑥 sin 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦) (ii) 𝑣 =
𝑒 %# (𝑥 cos 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦) (iii) 𝑣 = cos 𝑥 cosh 𝑦 (iv) 𝑣 = log(𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ ) + 𝑥 − 2𝑦 (v) 𝑣 = log(𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ ) + 𝑥 − 2𝑦
#
9. If 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢 + 𝑖𝑣 is analytic function, find 𝑓(𝑧) in terms of z if (i) 𝑢 − 𝑣 = 𝑒 # (cos 𝑦 − sin 𝑦) (ii) 𝑢 + 𝑣 = # !('!, 𝑓(1) = 1 (iii) 𝑢 −
./0 #(012 #%3 () 5
𝑣= , 𝑓 P Q = 0 (iv) 𝑢 + 𝑣 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(2 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ ) (v) 𝑢 − 𝑣 = 𝑒 %# [(𝑥 − 𝑦) sin 𝑦 − (𝑥 + 𝑦) cos 𝑦]
$ ./0 #%$ ./04 ' $
10. Prove that a function with constant modulus is constant.
11. Determine the bilinear transformation which maps first pair of points in z-plane to another pair of points of w-plane
&
respectively (i) 𝑧 = 0, 1, ∞ into 𝑤 = 𝑖, −1, −𝑖 (ii) 𝑧 = 0, −𝑖, 2𝑖 into 𝑤 = 5𝑖, ∞, − ! (iii) 𝑧 = 𝑖, −𝑖, 1 into 𝑤 = 0, 1, ∞ (iv) 𝑧 =
0, −1, 𝑖 into 𝑤 = 𝑖, 0, ∞, also find the image of the unit circle |𝑧| = 1 (v) 𝑧 = 1, 𝑖, −1 into 𝑤 = 𝑖, 0, −𝑖, hence find the image
of |𝑧| < 1.
12. Find two bilinear transformations whose fixed points are 1 and 2.
+ + +
Answers: 1. (a) (i) 3𝑧 $ (ii) cosh 𝑧 (iii) cos 𝑧 (iv) 𝑒 " (v) " (vii) 𝑒 " 2. (i) 𝑐 = −1, 𝑏 = 2𝑎, (1 + 2𝑎𝑖)𝑧 (ii) 𝑎 = − $ , 𝑏 = −2, 𝑐 = $ , 𝑓(𝑧) =
+ '
− $ (2 + 𝑖)𝑧 $ 4. (iv) not differentiable (vii) All parts are examples 6. (a) (i) 𝑣 = tan%+ P# Q + 𝑐 (ii) 𝑢 = − cosh 𝑥 sin 𝑦 + 𝑐 (iii) 𝑣 =
# +
−𝑒 %$#' cos(𝑥 $ − 𝑦 $ ) (b) (i) # !('! + 𝑐 (ii) 𝜓 = −𝑥 ! + 3𝑥𝑦 $ + 𝑐, 𝑤 = −𝑖𝑧 ! + 𝑐 (iii) $ log(𝑥 $ + 𝑦 $ ) + 𝑐 7. (i) 𝑧 ! + 3𝑧 $ + 𝑐 (ii) 𝑧𝑒 " +
𝑐 (iii) 𝑧𝑒 $" + 𝑐 (iv) 𝑖𝑧𝑒 %" + 𝑐 (v) cos z + c (vi) (1 − 𝑖)𝑧 ! + 𝑐 8. (i) 𝑧𝑒 " + 𝑐 (ii) 𝑖𝑧𝑒 %" + 𝑐 (iii) i cos z + c (iv) (𝑖 − 2)𝑧 + 2𝑖 log 𝑧 + 𝑐
+ & + " "%&
(v) −2𝑧 + 𝑖(2 log 𝑧 + 𝑧) 9. (i) 𝑒 " + c (ii) P + 1Q (iii) 𝑓(𝑧) = P1 − cot Q (iv)2𝑧 + 𝑖𝑧 ! + 𝑐 (v) 𝑖𝑧𝑒 %" + 𝑐 11. (i) 𝑤 = (ii) 𝑤 =
+(& " $ $ &"%+
!"%6& (&%+)"((&(+) "(+ &%" "($ $("(+)
(iii) 𝑤 = (iv) 𝑤 = , 𝑢 = 𝑣 (v) 𝑤 = , 𝑢 > 0 12. 𝑤 = ,𝑤 =
&"%+ $"%$ "%& &(" 7%" 6%"
Engineering Mathematics II (BAS203) AIT, Kanpur

Unit 5: Complex variable: Integration

+(& +(&
1. Evaluate (i) ∫8 (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑖𝑥 $ )𝑑𝑧 ,along the straight line from 𝑧 = 0 to 𝑧 = 1 + 𝑖 (ii) ∫8 (𝑥 $ − 𝑖𝑦)𝑑𝑧 along the path (𝑎)𝑦 =
$(&
𝑥 (𝑏)𝑦 = 𝑥 $ (iii) ∫8 (𝑧̿)$ 𝑑𝑧, along the real axis from 𝑧 = 0 to 𝑧 = 2 and then along a line parallel to 𝑦- axis from 𝑧 = 2 𝑡𝑜 𝑧 =
2 + 𝑖 (iv) ∫9 log 𝑧 𝑑𝑧, where c is the unit circle |𝑧| = 1 (v) ∫9 |𝑧|𝑑𝑧, where c is the the straight line from 𝑧 = −𝑖 𝑡𝑜 𝑧 = 𝑖.
6%&
Answer: (i) (−1 + 𝑖)/3 (ii) (a) (𝑏)(5 + 𝑖)/6 (iii) (14 + 11 𝑖)/3 (iv) 2𝜋𝑖 (v) 𝑖
:
$" ! (6
2. Evaluate (i) ∮. (x $ − y $ + 2xiy) dz, where c is the contour |𝑧| = 1 (ii) ∮9 ("($)" (" ! (7)
𝑑𝑧, where c is the square with vertices at
;&< " !
1 + 𝑖, 2 + 𝑖, 2 + 2𝑖, 1 + 2𝑖 (iii) Evaluate ∮9 𝑒 𝑑𝑧 ; where c is the curve |𝑧| = 1. Answer: (i) 0 (ii) 0 (iii) 0
3 (* 012 5" ! (./0 5" !
3. Evaluate (i) ∮9 "(+
𝑑𝑧, where c is the circle |𝑧| = 2 (ii) ∮9 ("%+)("%$)
𝑑𝑧, where c is the circle |𝑧| = 3 (iii)
!" ! ("(+ "%+ 3 !*
∮9 (" ! %+)("(!)
𝑑𝑧, where c is the circle |𝑧| = 2 (iv) ∮9 ("(+)! ("%$)
𝑑𝑧, where c is |𝑧 − 𝑖| = 2 (v) ∮9 ("(+)$
𝑑𝑧 , around the
boundary of the circle |𝑧| = 2. Answer: (i) 2πi (ii) 2πi (iii) −πi/4 (iv) −2𝜋𝑖/9 (v) 4πi/3e$
+ +
4. (i) Expand 𝑓(𝑧) = " about 𝑧 = 2 in Taylors series (ii) Expand 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑧 about 𝑧 = 𝜋𝑖 (iii) Expand " !%!"($ in the region
012 " + + +
|𝑧| < 2 (iv) Expand the function
"%5
about 𝑧 = 𝜋 in a Taylor’s Series. Answer: (i) $ − 7 (z − 2) + > (z − 2)$ − ⋯ +
(%+)+ ("%5&)! + !@ A@! +6@" ("%5)!
(z − 2)2 + ⋯ (ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝜋𝑖 + (𝑧 − 𝜋𝑖) sinh 𝜋𝑖 + cosh 𝜋𝑖 + ⋯ (iii) + + + + ⋯ (iv) −1 + −
$+,& $! $ 7 > +: !!
("%5)%
+⋯
6!
+
5. Expand 𝑓(𝑧) = ("(+)("(!) in the region (i)1 < |𝑧| < 3 (ii) 1 < |𝑧 + 1| < 2. (𝑖𝑖𝑖)|𝑧| < 1 , (𝑖𝑣) |𝑧| > 3
+ + + 2 + @ 2 + @(+ 2
Answer: (i) : f(z) = $ j@ ∑B 2 B 2 B 2
8 (−1) P @ Q − ! ∑8 (−1) P!Q l, (ii) Ans: : f(z) = $(@(+) ∑8 (−1) P $
Q (iii) f(z) =
+ + @ 2 + + + 2 + ! 2
j∑B 2 2 B 2 B 2 B 2
8 (−1) (z) − ! ∑8 (−1) P!Q l , (iv) f(z) = $ j@ ∑8 (−1) P@Q − @ ∑8 (−1) P @ Q l
$
@%$ + +
6. (i) Find out the zeros and discuss the nature of the singularity of f(z) = sin (ii) Discuss singularity of +%3 * at 𝑧 = 2𝜋𝑖 (iii)
@! @%+
./C 5" "%012 "
Discuss singularity of ("%))! at 𝑧 = 𝑎. (iv) Discuss the nature of singularity of 𝑓(𝑧) = ""
+
Answer: (i) 𝑧 = 2, 1 + <5, 𝑧 = 1 is isolated essential singularity, z=0 is a pole of order 2 (ii) z = 2πi is a simple Pole (iii) z = a is a
pole of order 2 (iv) z = 0 is a removable singularity
"! + +%3 !*
7. (a) Determine the poles of the followings functions and residue at each pole: (i) ("%+)("%$)! (ii) " %(+ (iii) "%
(b) Find the
+ ""
residue at 𝑧 = 0 of 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑧 cos " (c) Find the residue of 𝑓(𝑧) = " !%+ at 𝑧 = ∞
-./
+ G
Answer: (a) (i) z=1 simple pole, z=2 is a double pole, 𝑅+ =1, 𝑅$ = 0 (ii) Poles 𝑧 = 𝑒 D($<(+)5&/7F , Residue (R)=− 7 𝑒 % 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑚 =
7
±1, ±3 (iii) Pole of order 3, Residue(R) == − ! (b) -1/2 (c) 1
"! @!
8. (a) Determine the poles of the function 𝑓(𝑧) = ("%+)!("($) and the residue at each pole, hence evaluate ∮. (@%+)! (@($)
dz where
" ! %$"
c: |z| = 3 (b) Evaluate∮9 (H(+)! (" ! (7)
𝑑𝑧, where c is the circle |𝑧| = 10 by Cauchy’s Residue theorem (c) Find the residue of
""
𝑓(𝑧) = ("%+)%("%$)("%!) 𝑑𝑧 at its pole and hence evaluate ∮9 𝑓(𝑧)𝑑𝑧, where c is the circle |𝑧| = 5/2.
Answer: (a) Pole of order 2 at z=1 and z=-2 is a simple pole Residue at z=-1 is 5/9and Residue at z=-2 is 4/9, 2𝜋𝑖 (b) 0 (c) z = 1 Pole
$A +8+
of order 4, z = 2 and z = 3 are simple poles, Residue at z = 2 is − 8, Residue at z = 3 is +:
and residue at z = 1 is +:
, I = −27πi/8
$5 IJ
9. (a) Evaluate by contour integration ∫8 )(K9L; J ,where 𝑎 > |𝑏| (b) Apply Calculus of residues to prove that
$5 I∅ $5) $5 IJ
∫8 ()(K9L;∅)!
= ()! where a > 0,b > 0, a > b (c) Using contour integration ,evaluate ∫8 ,where 𝑎 > |𝑏| (d) By
%K ! )"/! )(K;&< J
5 )IJ $5 ./0 $J
contour integration method to evaluate ∫8 )! (;&< ! J
,where 𝑎 > 0 (e) Using complex integration method, evaluate ∫8 6(79L; J
𝑑𝜃
5 +($ ./0 J
(f) Evaluate ∫8 𝑑𝜃
6(79L; J
$5 $5 5
Answer: (a) (c) (d) (e) 𝜋/6 (f) 0
N)! %K ! N)! %K ! N+()!
B 𝒅𝒙 𝝅 B I# 5
10. (a) Using contour integration, prove that ∫%B 𝟐 = (b) Apply calculus of residue to prove that ∫8 (# ! ()! )!
= ; a>0.
D𝟏(𝒙𝟐 F 𝟐 7)"
B T! W
(c) Apply calculus of residue to prove that ∫%B (T!(U! )(T!(V!) dx = U(V (a > 0, 𝑏 > 0).