‫مكثف قواعد للفصل األول ‪2008‬‬

ً ‫تأت عىل األزمنة ويكون الحل‬

،(keywords) ‫بناء عىل الدالئل‬ ‫ي‬
:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬
 They …………………. just ………………. my money.
a. has taken b. have taken c. has take d. took

ً
:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ ،‫الدليل‬ ‫ونعطيه‬ ‫الجملة‬ ‫يعطينا‬ ‫األزمنة‬ ‫عىل‬ ‫ا‬‫أيض‬
 I usually take a break from my screen ……………… to rest my eyes.
a. right now b. from time to time c. last night d. recently

:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ ،‫( وهو سبب استخدام الزمن‬function) ‫عىل‬
 The function of the following sentence is:
Ahmad plays tennis every weekend.
a. fact b. routine
c. temporary action d. something happened in the past

‫(تأت عادة عىل األزمنة) الجملة أو السؤال المكتوب بالطريقة‬

‫ي‬
:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ ،‫الصحيحة وتعتمد عىل ترتيب السؤال أو الجملة حسب القاعدة‬
 The question that has been written correctly is:
a. Have you seen her photos on social media before you met her?
b. Were you seen her photos on social media before you met her?
c. Had you seen her photos on social media before you meet her?
d. Had you seen her photos on social media before you met her?

‫وتأت عادة عىل معظم القواعد ي‬

‫الت تعتمد عىل‬ ‫أعد كتابة الجملة ي‬
:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ ،(Relative Clauses, Negative Inversion, Future Structures) ‫التحويل مثل‬
 Rewrite the pairs of sentences as one sentence using a relative clause:
That boy’s mum is Japanese. He’s fluent in five languages.
a. That boy, who mum is Japanese, is fluent in five languages.
b. That boy, whose mum is Japanese, is fluent in five languages.
c. That boy, which mum is Japanese, is fluent in five languages.
d. That boy, that mum is Japanese, is fluent in five languages.

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 (likely/ unlikely defining / non defining) ‫ مثل‬،‫**أعد كتابة الجملة عىل المعت‬
:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬
 I don’t think he will stop eating meat.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. He is likely to stop eating meat.
b. He is unlikely stop eating meat.
c. He is unlikely to stop eating meat.
d. He is likely stop eating meat.

ً ‫**بعض القواعد ممكن أن تأت‬

(Negative ‫ مثل‬،‫بناء عىل التتيب الصحيح للجملة‬ ‫ي‬
:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ inversion)
 …………………………………. the hostel than it started to rain.
a. No sooner had they left b. No sooner they had left
c. No sooner had left they d. Sooner had no they left

‫وه اختيار التكيب‬

‫( ي‬Negative inversion)‫خاصة ل‬
:‫المناسب‬
 ………………….…. such a weird story!
a. Under no circumstances b. Never have I heard
c. Scarcely had d. Not only did

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1. Simple Present: ‫املضارع البسيط‬
Key words: - ‫مفاتيح احلل‬
(every + ‫ زمن‬, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, always, usually, normally, often, sometimes,
once, rarely, three times ,seldom, occasionally, twice + ‫ زمن‬, from time to time, once in a while,
every so often)
Form: ‫شكل الفعل‬
* (He, She, it‫) اسم مفرد‬ (V𝟏 + s ) or ( es )
.‫) للفعل‬es( ‫) نظيف‬ch, sh, x, s,z, o( ‫ اذا انتهى الفعل ابحد االحرف التالية‬
.) y ( ‫ ) بدون ان تقلب ال‬s ( ‫) تضيف‬a , o , i , e , u ( ‫ ) وكان قبله حرف عله‬Y ( ‫ اذا انتهي الفعل ب‬
.) es ( ‫ ) مث تضيف‬i ( ‫) اىل‬y ( ‫ ) وكان قبله حرف ساكن تقلب‬Y ( ‫ اذا الفعل انتهي ب‬
 Huda …………….………. English daily. ( study , studies , studying )

* (I, We, You, they,‫) اسم مجع‬ + V1

 We ………….………….. tea every day. ( drink , drinks , drinking )

Negation: ‫النفي‬

he, she, it , singular noun )‫ (اسم مفرد‬, ) ‫( اسم غري معدود‬ does + not + base
I, we, you, they, plural noun )‫(اسم مجع‬ do + not + base
* Once in a while, Zeina …………………books.
a. doesn’t writes b. isn’t writing c. doesn’t write d. written

Forming Yes / No question: ‫ ال‬/ ‫تكوين سؤال نعم‬

he, she, it , singular noun )‫(اسم مفرد‬ does + subject + base

I, we, you, they, plural noun )‫(اسم جمع‬ do + subject + base

 ……………………….. you usually ……………………… to London? ( Do go , Does go , Did go )

-: ‫* يوجد فعلني هلما حالة خاصه كالتايل‬

is → isn’t
Be are → aren’t
am → am not
Have has → doesn’t have
have → don’t have
 Ruba ……………………….always outside. ( was not, isn’t , aren’t , am not )

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 Uses: ‫استخداماته‬
1. Routines and habits: ‫للتعبير عن العادات التي تحدث بشكل متكرر‬
2. Permanent situations around the present time: ‫للحاالت الدائمة يف احلاضر‬
3. To talk about Scientific facts. ‫للتعبري عن احلقائق‬
4. Timetables events ‫للتعبري عن اجلداول املستقبلية و الرتتيبات الزمنية‬
2. Present Continuous: ‫المضارع المستمر‬
Form: ‫شكل الفعل‬

he, she, it, singular noun ‫اسم مفرد‬ Is V+ ing

I Am V+ ing
We, you, they, plural noun ‫اسم مجع‬ Are V+ ing

Negation ‫النفي‬
.‫(بعد الفعل املساعد‬not) ‫ ننفي مجلة املضارع املستمر بوضع‬-
- She …………………… now. ( are not playing, was not playing, is not playing)

Forming Yes / No question ‫ ال‬/ ‫تكوين سؤال نعم‬

.‫ ال يف مجلة املضارع املستمر بوضع الفعل املساعد قبل الفاعل‬/ ‫ نشكل سؤال نعم‬-
- ………………….. Sally ……………… her homework now? ( Are doing, Is doing, Was doing)

Key words ‫مؤشرات احلل‬

(now, right now, nowadays, at the moment, at this minute, Look!, Listen!, Be careful!, Be quiet!,
Watch out!, these days, today, tonight, this day/ month/ year, at present, for the time being, don`t
+ verb, hurry up, currently)
:‫أو أن تبدأ اجلملة بفعل أمر مثبت أو منفي‬
Use: Function
1. actions in progress at the time of speaking: ‫أحداث مستمرة يف حلظة الكالم‬
2. temporary actions in progress around now: ‫أحداث مؤقتة في استمرار اآلن‬
3. An action that happens repeatedly in the present (with always) always‫أفعال تحدث بشكل متكرر مع‬
4. Future arrangement ‫ترتيبات مستقبلية‬
5. Changes and developments: ‫تغيرات وتطورات‬

Note:
States (verbs not usually used in the continuous form).
)‫األفعال الجامدة ( األفعال التي عادةً ال تستخدم في المضارع المستمر‬
e.g: love, like, believe, think (opinion), know, look (appearance), prefer, appear, see, smell, think of,
feel

‫الت ال تستخدم يف حالة االستمرارية‬

‫أهم األفعال ي‬
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.‫ يوجد مجموعة من األفعال ال تستخدم في حالة االستمرارية‬:‫*مهم‬
a- Verbs of mind: know, understand, think of, believe, forget, realize, suppose, want
b- Verbs of emotions: like, love, hate, dislike, need, miss
c- Verbs of senses: see, smell, taste, hear, touch, feel, look
d- Verbs of possession: own – have – belong – appear – prefer
** Jaber …………………. to stay in on Saturday nights these days.

‫*إذا كان الدليل من دالئل المضارع المستمر والفعل في الخيارات من األفعال التي ال تستخدم في حالة‬
:‫االستمرارية نستخدم قاعدة المضارع البسيط‬
‫مفرد‬ V𝟏 + 𝒔
‫جمع‬ V𝟏

* Some state verbs change their meaning and can be used in the continuous form,
e.g. think of/ about, see (go out with), look at:
:‫( ولكن لها معنى مختلف كاآلتي‬ing) ‫* بعض األفعال الجامدة ممكن أن تستخدم في حالة‬
- What do you think of this message? (opinion) ‫* تأتي بمعنى يعتقد‬
- What are you thinking about? ‫* تأتي بمعنى يفكر‬
- I don’t see why you want to stay in touch with him. (understand) ‫* تأتي بمعنى يفهم‬
- I’m seeing Amer these days. ( go out with) ‫* تأتي بمعنى يقابل‬
- I’d like to establish contact with that company, but my boss doesn’t look at it that way. (think in a
particular way) ‫* تأتي بمعنى يعتقد أو يبدو‬
- Why are you looking at me that way? ‫* تأتي بمعنى ينظر‬

- Monther Rayahneh …………………. award-winning TV show, The Invasion.

a. are appearing b. is appearing c. appeared d. appear
- She …………………… to be highly intelligent, but she’s awfully lazy too. What a waste!
a. appears b. appear c. is appeared d. are appeared
- My mum…………………….. it’s the best idea.
a. thinks b. is thinking c. thought d. had thought
- Just look at his face: I bet he………………… about something amazing!
a. thought b. is thinking c. thinks d. was thinking
3. Present Perfect: ‫المضارع التام‬
Form ‫شكل الفعل‬
has / have + P.P
he , she , it , singular nouns (a cat) has V3
I, we, you , they, plural nouns (cars) have V3

.) has , have ( ‫ ) بعد‬not ( ‫* يف حالة النفي نضع‬

Key words ‫مؤشرات احلل‬

(since , for , recently , so far , lately , just , ever , already , yet , never, in recent years, ever
since, since the dawn of time, three times, four times, a couple of times, since then )
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 Since then, there ………..……………. many innovations in phone technology.
a. have been b. has been c. is d. were
 According to my phone, I’ve spent 67 minutes online ………………………. .
a. since nine o’clock b. ever since c. last night d. earlier today
 I …………………… Malek a couple of times today.
a. called b. call c. calling d. have called

Function: ‫االستخدام‬
1. The duration of states that began in the past and continue up to now:
‫حدث بدأ في الماضي ومستمر لآلن‬

2. Complete past actions with a present relevance / result:

‫أحداث مكتملة في الماضي مع نتيجة بالحاضر‬

3. Experiences during a present period of time: ‫تجربة خالل الحاضر‬

4. Present Perfect Continuous: ‫المضارع التام المستمر‬
Form ‫شكل الفعل‬
has / have + been + V- ing

he , she , it , singular noun (a cat) has been V –ing

I, we, you , they, plural noun (cars) have been V –ing

Key words ‫مؤشرات احلل‬

(since , for , all (the morning) , lately , how long….?,that`s why, in recent years, ever since, since
the dawn of time) ‫ن‬
‫ن‬
‫الحاض تعامل كجمع‬ ‫( يف‬I) *
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫الماض تعامل كمفرد‬
‫ي‬ ‫( يف‬I) *

Functions ) ‫الستخدامات ( مهم‬

1. The duration of actions that began in the past and continue up to the present:
.‫ للتحدث عن حدث بدأ يف املاضي استمر إىل احلاضر‬
2. To talk about a repeated action.
.‫ للتحدث عن أحداث تكررت من املاضي حىت اآلن وال يزال الفعل حيصل‬
3. past processes with a present relevance/ result:
.‫ عمل يف املاضي وله أثر يف ااحلاضر‬
‫الفرق ن‬
:Present Perfect Continuous ‫ و‬Present Perfect ‫بي ال‬
- I ………………. Ali for an hour.
( have known, have been knowing, has known)
.ing ‫الت ال تقبل ال‬
‫ من األفعال ي‬Know *

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- I ……………………………. the dishes for an hour.
( have been cleaning, have clean, has cleaned)

- I …………………….. English for two hours till now, up to now, will finish soon.
( have studied, have been studying, studied)
‫ن‬
.‫الحاض‬ ‫ن‬
‫ دلت عىل أن الفعل مازال مستمر يف‬till now, up to now, will finish soon *

5. Simple Past: ‫املاضي البسيط‬

Keyword ‫مؤشرات احلل‬

( yesterday, ago, when I was a, in the past, once upon a time, last , in + ‫ أي وقت يشري للماضي‬, during +
‫ اتريخ ماضي أو حدث ابملاضي‬, In the ancient time, in the previous day, at the time, earlier today, the day
before yesterday, in ancient times, at the turn of the 20th century)

Form ‫شكل الفعل‬

Subject + V2
-Fadi……………………..the house an hour ago.(clean, cleaned, had cleaned)

Negation ‫النفي‬
he, she, it , singular noun )‫(اسم مفرد‬ did + not + base
I, we, you, they, plural noun )‫(اسم مجع‬ did + not + base

-The judge ……………………….the lawyer yesterday.

( does not help, did not help, do not help)

Forming Yes / No question: ‫ ال‬/ ‫تكوين سؤال نعم‬

did + subject + base
did + subject + base

-…………they ……………..the surgery an hour ago?(start, Does start, Did start)

-: ‫* يوجد فعل له حاله خاصه كالتايل‬

( be ) was → wasn’t
Were → weren’t

- My father…………………………upset an hour ago. (was not, were not, is not, are not)

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Function ) ‫االستخدام ( مهم‬
1. to talk about actions or events completed at a specific time in the past:
.‫للتحدث عن أحداث أو أفعال انتهت في مدة محددة في الماضي‬

‫ن‬
.‫الماض البسيط‬
‫ي‬ ‫حدثي ن يف‬
‫ن‬ (when) ‫يأت مع‬
‫*** ممكن أن ي‬
Example: When I saw Ahmad, I …………him about the party.
a. tells b. had told c. told d. tell

6-Past Continuous: ‫املاضي املستمر‬

Form ‫شكل الفعل‬

he, she , it ‫ اسم مفرد‬, I was ( not ) V + ing

we, they, you, ‫اسم مجع‬ were ( not ) V + ing

Key words ‫مؤشرات الحل‬

(While , as , when) + V2 /did not + base / was, were+Ving

When………V2………. , ………..was,were+Ving……………
 They were looking for the lost document when they ………………. the treasure.
a. discover b. discovered c. discovering d. discovers

While,as………………..was,were+Ving………………… , ………………….V2……………..
 While the boys …………. studying at school, it began to rain heavily.
a. were b. was c. are d. has been

Forming Yes / No question: ‫ ال‬/ ‫تكوين سؤال نعم‬

.‫ قبل الفاعل‬was, were ‫ ال يف زمن املاضي املستمر بوضع‬/ ‫نشكل سؤال نعم‬
- ……….. his parents ……………… when he arrived home?
a. Do – sleeping b. Were – Sleeping c. Did – sleeping d. Is – sleeping

Funtions ) ‫الستخدامات ( مهم‬

1. Actions were in progress at a specific time in the past (this often provides background to other
past events).
)‫حدث كان مستمر في وقت محدد في الماضي ( يكون خلفية لحدث آخر في الماضي) (حدثين في الماضي ولم يتقاطعا‬
- While Hani ……………..for us, his mum was texting.
a. were waiting b. was waiting c. are waiting d. is waiting

2. Action were interrupted by shorter past action: ‫حدث قطع حدث قصير في الماضي‬
- While we ………………….. TV, the light went out.
a. were watching b. were watching c. were watching d. were watching
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3. a prolonged action in the past: ‫حدث مستمر بالماضي‬
1. ‫ساعة‬/ at this time + ‫دليل بالماضي‬
2. ‫دالئل الماضي البسيط‬
- At this time yesterday, I ………………………………… English
a. study b. studies c. was studying d. were studying

7. Past Perfect: ‫املاضي التام‬

Form ‫شكل الفعل‬
had + V3

Keywords ‫مؤشرات الحل‬

1. )By + .‫ ( ( زمن ماضي‬by the time+ V2) had + V3

- By the time Ali arrived, we ……………………….our project.

( finish, has finished, had finished, will have finished)

2. ( After , before ,) + V2 or had V3

After………had+V3……….. , ……………….V2…………….
Before……….V2………………. , ………… had+V3………………….

1. Hatem ……………….. his document before viruses crashed his computer.

(had saved , save , saving )
2. After we had finished our dinner, we ………………………… into the garden.
(go , went , gone, was going )

Function ) ‫الستخدام ( مهم‬

1. to show the relationship between a situation in the past and an earlier state or action.
.‫إلظهار العالقة بين حدثين أحدهما قبل اآلخر بقليل‬
- Before Hassan met his wife, he ………………. single for decade.
a. had be b. had been c. is d. were

* The rules are similar to the rules for the present perfect.

Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it
today.

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Question Tags ‫األسئلة الذيلية‬
‫ ويجب حفظ‬، (is, was, are, were, am, had, have, has ) ‫وه‬
‫** قبل بدء دراسة األسئلة الذيلية يجب حفظ األفعال المساعدة ي‬
(he, she, it, they, we, you, I) ‫وه‬ ‫ضمائر الفاعل ي‬

* A question tag is a short question added to the end of a sentence.

.‫ هي سؤال قصير يضاف نهاية الجملة‬:‫* األسئلة الذيلية‬
Form ‫الشكل‬
auxiliary verb ‫ فعل مساعد‬+ a pronoun ‫ضمير‬

* Rules to use it: ‫قواعد عامة للحل‬

- A positive statement usually has a negative question tags.
.‫في الجمل المثبتة عادة تأخذ سؤال ذيلي منفي‬

- A negative statement has a positive question tag.

.‫في الجمل المنفية تأخذ سؤال ذيلي مثبت‬

* Modal verbs are usually repeated in the tag questions, just like auxiliaries:

:‫( بسرعة وبطريقة سهلة‬Question Tags) ‫** ركز منيح شوف كيف رح نحل ال‬
:‫( نستخدمه نفسه‬is / are / were / was/ am/ will/ had/have / has …) ‫ أي فعل مساعد مثل‬
Examples: - It is an amazing house, isn’t it?
- He has left early, hasn’t he?
:(don’t ) ‫ إذا كان الفعل ) 𝟏𝑽( نستخدم معه‬
Examples: - They always play football, don’t they?

:(doesn’t) ‫( نستخدم‬V1 +s) ‫إذا كان الفعل‬ 

Examples: - She usually comes in late, doesn’t she?

:(didn’t ) ‫ إذا كان الفعل ) 𝟐𝑽( نستخدم معه‬

Examples: - They went to school, didn’t they?

.‫رئيس إذا جاء بعدها اسم‬

‫ي‬ ‫( فعل‬has/ have/ had) ‫** تكون‬
:(doesn’t) ‫( فعل رئيسي نستخدم‬has) ‫إذا كانت‬ 
Example: - She has a car, doesn’t she?

:(don’t) ‫(فعل رئيسي نستخدم‬have) ‫ إذا كانت‬

Example: - We have a trip to Aqaba, don’t we? 

:(didn’t) ‫( فعل رئيسي نستخدم‬had) ‫ إذا كانت‬

Example: - She had a break, didn’t she?
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:(aren’t I) ‫( نستخدم‬am) ‫ إذا كان الفعل المساعد‬
Example: - I’m still employed, aren’t I?

:(Shall we) ‫( نستخدم‬Let’s / Let us) ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة ب‬

Example: -Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?

:(Shall I) ‫( نستخدم‬Let me) ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة ب‬

Example: -Let me help you, shall I?

:(will you) ‫( نستخدم‬Don’t) ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة ب‬

Example: - Don’t make a mess, will you?

:(will you) ‫( بنستخدم‬Open the door) ‫( مثل‬command) ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة بفعل أمر‬
Example: - Write it down, will you?

:‫** مالحظات كثير مهمة للضمائر‬

(it) ‫( نستخدم بدالهم‬this , that) 
Example: - That is an amazing house, isn’t it?
:(they) ‫( نستخدم بدالهم‬those , these) 
Example: -Those are Majeda’s guests, aren’t they?

:(they) ‫( نستخدم بدالهم‬someone / somebody / anyone/ anybody/ nobody/ no one) 

Example: - Someone has bumped into your car, haven’t they?

:(it) ‫( نستخدم بدالهم‬something / anything / nothing) 

Example: - Nothing has happened so far, has it?

‫( تعتبر جملة منفية ويجب أن يكون الجواب‬seldom, rarely, never, no one, nothing, nobody) ‫ أي جملة تحتوي على‬:‫** مالحظة مهمة جدًا‬
.‫مثبت‬
Example: Nobody helped her,……………………..?
a. did they b. didn’t they c. did she d. didn’t she
- I rarely go to the museum, …………………………….?
a. don’t I b. do I c. did I d. have I

:(he) ‫( نستخدم بداله‬the boy) ‫ مذكر عاقل مفرد‬

Example: - Sami has graduated so far, hasn’t he?

:(she) ‫( نستخدم بدالها‬the girl) ‫ مؤنث عاقل مفرد‬

Example: - Sandy didn’t win the competition yesterday, did she?

:(it) ‫( نستخدم‬the cat) ‫ غير عاقل مفرد‬

Example: - The cat is fast, isn’t it?
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:(they) ‫( نستخدم بدالها‬the girls / the cats) ‫ جمع عاقل أو غير عاقل‬
Example: - The cats are fighting, aren’t they?

:(we) ‫( نستخدم بدالهم‬Ahmad and I) ‫ مثل‬I + ‫ جمع أو مفرد‬

Example: - The student’s and I swam in the pool, didn’t we?

* Another uses:
1. requests: - Buy me the newspaper, could you?

(could you) ‫جمل الطلب نستخدم‬

2. invitations: Come to visit us next summer, won’t you? ‫** إذا كانت الجملة تدل على الدعوة عادة‬
(come) ‫تبدأ ب‬

Echo Questions ‫أسئلة الصدى‬

* A short question is used to interest or express surprise and make a conversation go
smoothly. .‫* سؤال قصير يستخدم إلظهار االهتمام أو االندهاش ولجعل المحادثة سلسة‬

: (Question Tags) ‫ ( و ال‬Echo Questions) ‫* ركز ما تخربط بين ال‬

‫ ) بتكون بين شخصين واحد بحكي‬Echo Questions) ‫( بتكون جملة وحدة مع السؤال أما ال‬Question Tags) ‫ ال‬
.‫والثاني بسأل‬
 Nobody told me about the accident, ……………………………?
a. don’t they b. didn’t they c. did they d. do they
 Nobody came to the party.
B: ……………………………………….?
a) Do they b) Does he
c) Didn’t they d) Didn’t he

Form: ‫الشكل‬
do / did / does ( in simple sentences) or auxiliary + a pronoun

Rules to use it: ‫قواعد عامة لمعرفة الحل‬

* A positive statement usually has a positive question tags.
: ‫* إذا كانت الجملة مثبتة بكون السؤال مثبت‬
e.g: A: I used to live in Aqaba.
B: Did you? I bet it was amazing!

* A negative statement usually has a negative question tags.

:‫* إذا كانت الجملة منفية بكون السؤال منفي‬
e.g: A: I don’t like chocolate.
B: Don’t you? It’s delicious.
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:‫** مالحظات مهمة‬
.‫( في أسئلة الصدى‬you) ‫( إلى‬I) ‫ تحول‬
e.g: A: I have finished the project.
B: …………………………….?
a. Do we b. Do you c. Haven’t I d. Have you

.‫( في أسئلة الصدى واألسئلة الذيلية‬there) ‫( تبقى‬there) 

e.g: But there are lovely beaches in this country, aren’t …………….?
a. they b. it c. there d. that
Choose the correct answer from a, b, c and d:
1. A: Mrs. Lana owns a large bookstore in the city center.
B: .................................................?
a) Does she b) Is she
c) Doesn't she d) Isn't she

2. They were there, …………………?

a. wasn’t they b. were they c. weren’t they d. were there

3. A: The film you recommended wasn't interesting at all.

B: .................................................?
a) Is it b) Isn't it
c) Was it d) Wasn't it

4. ……………. buy a car, won’t we.?

a. Will we b. We will c. Don’t we d. Do we

5. A: Look! Maya is climbing up an orange tree to pick some oranges.

B: .................................................?
a) Is she b) Isn't she
c) Does she d) Doesn't she

6. We didn’t come, ………………………?

a. didn’t we b. don’t they c. doesn’t they d. did we
Answers:

1. a 2. c 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. d

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Future tenses
Will / Will not:
Form: :‫الشكل‬
Subject ‫ الفاعل‬+ won’t / will + V(base)
Question: Will + subject + V(base) …?

Keywords: :‫مؤشرات احلل‬

1. We often use (will) with phrases like: (think, sure, hope, maybe, perhaps, believe, expect,
in my opinion)

(will + base) ‫إذا احتوت الجملة على إحدى هذه الكلمات نستخدم‬
2. adverbs like: (possibly, probably, definitely):

‫** دالئل‬
3. (tomorrow, next, soon, at the weekend, in the future, in + ‫) اي وقت يشري للمستقبل‬ ‫مشتركة مع‬
be going to

Function: :‫االستخدام‬
• to make predictions based on our opinions or expectations.
.‫لعمل تنبؤات مبنية على اآلراء والتوقعات‬
- I think we …………………………… car soon.
a. buy b. will buy c. are going to buy d. bought
• to express a decision made at the moment of speaking: :‫لعمل قرار يف حلظة احلديث‬
- On second thoughts, I think I …………………. it till the weekend.
a. am going to leave b. leave c. left d. will leave
Be going to:
Form: :‫الشكل‬
1 .. Subject ‫ الفاعل مفرد‬+ is going to + V(base) .
2 .. Subject ‫ الفاعل مجع‬+ are going to + V(base) .
3 .. Subject ( I ) + am going to + V(base) .

Keywords: (tomorrow, next + ‫زمن‬, soon, in the future, in + ‫ اتريخ مستقبل‬, at the weekend)

‫( يجب أن يكون هناك جملة تعتت كدليل أن المتكلم يتنبأ بنا ًء‬going to) ‫( ولكن مع‬will) ‫** هذه الدالئل نفس دالئل‬
:‫ كاالستخدام األول‬،‫عىل دليل واضح أمامه‬
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Function: :‫االستخدام‬
• to make a prediction based on evidence you have now: :‫لعمل تنبؤات مبنية على دليل‬
- There are black clouds in the sky. It…………………….soon. ( rains, were raining, is going
to rain, rained)
• to talk about existing plans or intentions for the future: :‫للحديث عن خطط للمستقبل‬
- I ……………………………. Architecture at college.( am going to study, study, studies, studied)

Future Continuous:
Form: :‫الشكل‬
Subject + won’t / will + be + V (ing) …

Keywords: :‫مؤشرات احلل‬

( this time next week , at 10 o’clock tomorrow , at this time tomorrow, in ten months time ,
tonight after 6 p.m , in July next year , in thirty years’ time , this time next month, in an hour,
by+ ‫زمن مستقبل‬, By the time + V𝟏 )
‫** دالئل المستقبل مشتكة مع جميع أزمنة المستقبل ولكن الفرق‬
‫بينها يف االستخدام أو المعت (لذلك يجب فهم استخدام كل زمن‬
.‫منهم) أو بعض الملحظات ال يت ممكن أن تفيد الطالب يف الحل‬

Function: :‫االستخدام‬
• to talk about an action that will be in progress at a particular time in the future:
:‫للتحدث عن شيء سيكون مستمر يف زمن حمدد يف املستقبل‬
- By the end of the century, more people …..……... in the country than in cities.
( are living, will be living, will be lived, live)
• to talk about events that will happen as part of the normal course of events, or routine:
:‫التحدث عن روتني سيحدث يف املستقبل‬
- She ………………. her family at the weekend. (She does it every weekend.)
( is visited, visited, will be visiting, will be visited)
Future Perfect Simple
Form: Subject + (won’t /will) have + V3 … :‫الشكل‬

Keywords: :‫مؤشرات احلل‬

1. By + ‫ زمن مستقبل‬, by next year , by the end of the year , by the time + ‫ زمن مستقبل‬, by then.
2. In + ‫ زمن مستقبل‬, in ten years, in two months, this time next year, tomorrow morning

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Function: :‫االستخدام‬
 to talk about an action that will be completed before a particular time in the future:
:‫للتحدث عن أفعال ستكون مكتملة قبل زمن حمدد يف املستقبل‬
- ……………. you …………….. it by then? (Will – be finished, Will – have finished, Do – finish,
Has – finished)
.‫ بعض الطرق للتفريق بني املستقبل املستمر واملستقبل التام‬:‫* مهم ج ًدا‬
* We do not use state verbs (Know, believe, like, want, be think, finish, see, hear, doubt, understand,
taste, smell, sound, look, have, own, miss, etc.) with the Future Continuous.

Future Perfect Continuous

Form: :‫الشكل‬
Subject + won’t/ will + have + been V( ing) …

Negative: :‫النفي‬
Subject + will not + have + been V( ing) …

Question: :‫السؤال‬
Will + Subject + have + been V( ing) … ?

Keywords: :‫مؤشرات احلل‬

1. By + ‫ زمن مستقبل‬, by next year , by the end of the year , by the time + ‫ زمن مستقبل‬.
2. In + ‫ زمن مستقبل‬, in ten years, in two months
(for+ ‫** يجب أن نستخدم مع الدالئل السابقة كلمة‬
‫ للداللة على مدة العمل في المستقبل ويكون‬time)
(will be + V(ing) ) ‫وجودها دلي ًال قاطع على‬

Example: By the end of the month, I ……………………………….here for 25 years.

a. am working b. will work c. will have been working d. worked
Function: :‫االستخدام‬
 to focus on a duration of an action which is still ongoing at some point in the future
:‫الرتكيز على مدة فعل ال يزال مستمراً يف مدة ما يف املستقبل‬

* Other modal verbs can be used instead of will with Future Continuous and Future Perfect forms to
show different degrees of certainty (might, may, could)
(might, may, ‫ مع أشكال املستقبل املستمر واملستقبل التام إلظهار درجات خمتلفة من التأكد‬will ‫* ميكن استخدام األفعال الشرطية األخرى بدالً من‬
)‫ (تعين أن العمل حمتمل أن حيدث أو حنن غري متأكدين من العمل‬could )

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‫تراكيب وعبارات تستخدم للداللة على المستقبل‬
‫ للحديث عن مدى احتمالية حدوث التنبؤ‬be + adjective + infinitive ‫* ميكننا استخدام عبارات معينة مع الرتكيبة‬
:‫ كالتايل‬،‫املستقبلي ابلفعل‬
1 (is/ am/ are) bound/certain/sure to+ infinitive (this is almost definite ‫ شبه مؤكد‬/
certainly/ definitely/ very probable/ without doubt)

2 be likely to + infinitive (this is probable ‫) حمتمل‬

3 be unlikely to + infinitive (this is improbable ‫ غري حمتمل‬/ don’t think/ not sure)
:‫ كالتايل‬،‫** جيب حفظ معاين الكلمات السابقة ألنه ممكن أن أييت حسب املعىن‬
 The lecture is going to start soon.
The lecture ………………………………… start.
 It's been so hot today that it’s very probable there will be a storm here.
It’s been so hot today that a storm ……………………………happen here.
4 For plans, arranged things:
a. (is/ am/ are) planning/hoping to + infinitive
b. (is/ am/ are) thinking of + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈 :
5. something is happening very soon:
(is/ am/ are) about to + infinitive

6. For timetabled events:

(is/ am/ are) due to+ infinitive
7. formal or official arrangements, commands:
(is/ am/ are) to + infinitive
Choose the correct answer from the brackets:
1 So, I ………………….. set up a small business recycling and customising denim.
( am planning to, am thinking of, are hoping to, is to )
2 I ………….. selling them online once I have enough items to sell.
( are thinking, am thinking of, is hoping, are about to )
3 I ……………………….. start working on a project to design a shop window display.
( am thinking, are just about to, am just about to, are to )
‫( ما عدا كلمة واحدة وهي‬to+ infinitive) ‫( وجيب أ أييت بعدها‬is, are, am) ‫ مجيع الرتاكيب السابقة أييت قبلها‬:‫*** مالحظة مهمة‬
is
( am + 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒇 + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈 )
are

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:)‫ مفعول به‬/ ‫ للحديث عن الشخص (فاعل‬who ‫ نستخدم‬-1

Example: - The boys …………………… play football are children.
( which , who , when, where )

:)‫ مفعول به‬/‫ للحديث عن األشياء (فاعل‬which ‫ نستخدم‬-2

Example: - The book ……………… contains three chapters is boring.
( where , who, when , which )

:(‫ للحديث عن )األماكن‬where ‫ نستخدم‬-3

Example: - The cafe’ ……………….. we met each other is there.
( when , where , who , whose )

:(‫( للحديث عن )الوقت‬when) ‫ نستخدم‬-4

Example: - Last year ……………… I arrived here was a difficult year.
( where , who , when , whose )

)‫ (تعتمد على قدرة الطالب على الترجمة‬:(possessions) ‫( للحديث عن‬whose) ‫ نستخدم‬-5

Example: - This is the book ………………… title I couldn't remember.
( who , whose , whom , where )

)‫فعل‬+‫ (يجب أن يأتي بعد الفراغ (فاعل‬:)‫ للحديث عن شخص (مفعول به‬whom ‫ نستخدم‬-6
Example: - The cousin ……………. we met at the family reunion is coming to visit.
( whose , when , which , whom )

:‫( ولكن يجب اأال يأتي قبلها فاصلة‬who, which, whom) ‫( بدل‬that) ‫ نستخدم‬.7
Example: - She accidentally ate the bread …………….. was moldy ‫متعفن‬.
( where , when , who , that )

** There are two kinds of relative clauses: defining and non-defining.

:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ ،‫** يوجد نوعي لجمل الوصل‬
1- Defining clauses: are necessary to give essential information about exactly which
person/thing is being talked about in the sentence and can’t be omitted.
‫ ي‬/‫ ضرورية إلعطاء معلومات أساسية حول الشخص‬:‫ الجمل التعريفية‬-1
‫السء الذي يتم الحديث عنه‬
:‫ ومن الدالالت عليها‬،‫بالضبط في الجملة وال يمكن حذفها‬
*** Important: -> Commas ( , ) are never used.
.‫ ) أبدًا‬, ( ‫> ال يتم استخدام الفواصل‬-
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-> We can use that instead of (who/which) in defining clauses:
ً that ‫> يمكننا استخدام‬-
:‫( في الجمل الوصل‬who/which) ‫بدال من‬

** When the relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, you can omit
who/which/that/whom:
:(who/which/that/whom) ‫ يمكنك حذف‬،‫** عندما يكون ضمير الوصل هو مفعول به في الجملة الموصولة‬
(who/which/that/whom)‫فعل) يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل‬+‫**بمعنى آخر إذا كان بعد الفراغ (فاعل‬

** When the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause, you cannot omit
who/which/that:
:who/that/that ‫ فال يمكنك حذف‬،‫** عندما يكون ضمير الوصل هو الفاعل في الجملة الموصولة‬
:‫ كالتالي‬،‫مفعول به) ال يمكن أن نحذف ضمير الوصل‬+‫** بمعنى آخر إذا كان بعد ضمير الوصل (فعل‬

*** There are two kinds of non-defining clauses:

:‫*** هناك نوعان من الجمل غير المحددة‬
-> to give extra, non-essential information about the person or thing being talked about in
the sentence and can be ommited:
:‫< إلعطاء معلومات إضافية غير أساسية عن الشخص أو الشيء الذي يتم الحديث عنه في الجملة ويمكن حذفها‬-

-> to add a comment about the first part of the sentence. We always use which in these
clauses:
:‫ في هذه الجمل‬which ‫ نستخدم دائ ًما‬.‫> إلضافة تعليق على الجزء األول من الجملة‬-

*** Important: -> Non-defining clauses always need commas ( , , ): on either side if it’s in
the middle of the sentence, or before if it’s at the end.

‫ أو قبلها إذا‬،‫ على كال الجانبين إذا كانت في منتصف الجملة‬:( , , )‫> تحتاج الجمل غير المحددة دائ ًما إلى فواصل‬-
.‫كانت في النهاية‬

-> We never use that in non-defining clauses.

.‫ أبدًا في الجمل غير المحددة‬that ‫> نحن ال نستخدم‬-

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Prepositions in relative clauses
 Prepositions usually go at the end of the clause in conversational English. In more formal
written and spoken contexts, they can go at the beginning, but must be followed by which
(for things) or whom (for people):
‫ في السياقات المكتوبة والمنطوقة األكثر‬.‫عادة ما تكون حروف الجر في نهاية الجملة في المحادثة اإلنجليزية‬
:)‫ (لألشخاص‬whom‫ (لألشياء) أو‬which ‫ ولكن يجب أن يتبعها‬،‫ يمكن أن تبدأ في البداية‬،‫رسمية‬
 The man ………………………………. I used to work was always complaining.
(for whose , with whom, with which, for when)
 That’s the programme ……………………… they compete for money.
(in whom , in which, in who, in where)

:‫*** مالحظات مهمة‬

‫( بشرط أن يكون بعد الفراغ‬defining) ‫( في جمل‬who, which, whom, that) ‫) يمكن حذف ضمير الوصل‬1
:‫ كالتالي‬، (S+ V)
 She’s the lady …………………………. I had the row with.
(whose, who, which, where)
:‫ كالتالي‬،(some) ‫( عادة تعني‬defining) ‫) جمل‬2
 The fans who came to the concert were wearing the official band t-shirts.
Only some of the fans were wearing the official band t-shirts.
:‫ كالتالي‬، (all) ‫( تعني‬non-defining) ‫) جمل‬3
 The windows, which overlooked the garden, were open.
All of the windows were open.

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**We use a present participle clause for an action or state that happened at the same
time or after an event in the story:
:‫ لفعل أو حالة حدثت في نفس الوقت أو بعد حدث ما في القصة‬present participle clause ‫**نستخدم‬

** Participle and main clauses must have the same subject.

)‫ (الجملتين لهما نفس الفاعل‬.‫**يجب أن يكون جمل اسم الفاعل واسم المفعول والرئيسية لها نفس الفاعل‬
** A present (starting) or past (started) participle is often used to replace a relative clause:
:‫) ليحل محل جملة الوصل‬started( ‫) أو المفعول‬starting( ‫** غالبا ما يستخدم اسم الفاعل‬
1- We use a present participle to replace a relative clause with an active verb.
:‫المبت للمعلوم‬
‫ي‬ ‫( ليحل مكان جملة الوصل في جملة‬ing) ‫ نستخدم اسم الفاعل‬-1
There was a wire which attached the phone to the wall. = There was a wire
attaching the phone to the wall.

2- We use a past participle to replace a relative clause with a passive verb:

:(be +V3(‫المبت للمجهول‬
‫ي‬ ‫( ليحل مكان جملة الوصل في جملة‬V3)‫ نستخدم اسم المفعول‬-2
The copy which was made by the carbon paper was called the carbon copy. =
The copy made by the carbon paper was called the carbon copy.

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1. We use the Present or Past Continuous + always / constantly / forever to talk about
a habit which is repeated more than usual, which the speaker finds unexpected or
annoying:
always / constantly / forever + Past Continuous ‫ أو‬Present continuous ‫ نستخدم‬.1
:‫والت يجدها المتحدث غت متوقعة أو مزعجة‬ ‫ر‬
‫ ي‬،‫للحديث عن عادة تتكرر أكت من المعتاد‬
‫( وإذا كانت الجملة يف الحاض نستخدم‬was/were+V𝒊𝒏𝒈 ) ‫الماض نستخدم‬
‫ي‬ ‫*** إذا كانت الجملة يف‬
:(is/am/are+ V𝒊𝒏𝒈 )

- She ……………………….. with her parents when she was younger. (past)
(was forever arguing, is forever arguing, are forever arguing, was forever argued)

2. We use will/would + infinitive to talk about behaviour which is typical or

characteristic of the person. They can describe both pleasant and annoying habits:
‫ يمكنهم وصف العادات‬.‫النموذج أو الممت للشخص‬
‫ي‬ ‫ عن السلوك‬will/would + infinitive ‫ نستخدم‬.2
:‫الممتعة والمزعجة‬

‫الماض نستخدم‬
‫ي‬ ‫( وإذا كانت الجملة يف‬will) ‫*** إذا كانت الجملة يف الحاض والمستقبل نستخدم‬
:(would)
- We ……………………………. the afternoons reading when we were young. (past)
(would spend, spends, are spending, spends)

Used to / would

A. Affirmative :- used to + base

B. Negative :- didn’t use to + base
C. Question :- did + subj + use to + base

1. We use used to + infinitive to talk about a past state or repeated past actions that
has now changed:
:‫ للحديث عن حالة سابقة أو أفعال ماضية متكررة تغتت اآلن‬used to + infinitive ‫ نستخدم‬.1
ً ‫ للحديث عن عادة وروتي ف الماض ولكن تغت‬used to ‫** نستخدم‬
.‫حاليا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
- At our old house I……………………………. a lot of time with my friends.
(spent, used to spend, spending, spends)

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2. We can introduce new topics with used to and we do not need to specify a time:
:‫ ( وال نحتاج إل تحديد وقت‬used to )‫ يمكننا تقديم مواضيع جديدة بـ‬.2
- My dad 1…………………… nights. He would come home at six in the
morning.
(used to work, work, would work, working)

3. We use would when the topic has been established and we usually specify the
time:
ً
:‫ عندما يتم تحديد الموضوع وعادة ما نحدد الوقت‬would ‫ نستخدم‬.3
- Every Saturday I ………………….. on a long bike ride.
(goes, gone, would go, used to go)

** Important: would is not used to talk about past states.

ً
.‫ للحديث عن الحاالت الماضية‬would ‫ ال يستخدم‬:‫** مهم جدا‬

** Most texts describing habits contain a mixture of these forms.

.‫الت تصف العادات تحتوي عىل خليط من هذه األشكال‬
‫** أغلب النصوص ي‬

** We don’t use would with state verbs (be, live, like, feel, know, prefer)
(be, live, like, feel, know, prefer) .‫ مع األفعال الجامدة‬would ‫** ال نستخدم‬
- I ……………………………. very negative about my job.
(use to feel, feels, used to feel, would feel)

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1. Past Simple: :‫ الماضي البسيط‬.1
** Form:
- Affirmative: subject + 𝑽𝟐
- Negative: subject + didn’t + 𝑽𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆
- Question: Did + subject + 𝑽𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 ?

**Keywords:
(last +‫ زمن‬, yesterday, ago, in+‫ تاريخ ماضي‬, previous, ancient, when, while, and then)
 He ………………………….. the project last week.
a. finish b. finished c. finishes d. has finished
 He painted the room and then he …………………….. out.
a. go b. went c. gone d. have gone

**Functions:
1. an action happened once in the past and finished::‫حدث حدث مرة واحدة في الماضي وانتهى‬
Example: In 1995, Ali ………………….. from Yarmouk University.
a. graduate b. graduated c. has graduated d. graduating

2. an action in the past which follow each other in a story::‫فعل في الماضي متتابع في القصة‬
Example: I stopped my car, got out and ……………… in the road to see what it was.
a. standing b. had stood c. stood d. was standing

2. Past continuous: :‫الماض المستمر‬

‫ي‬ .2
** Form:
- Affirmative: I / singular + was + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈
Plural + were+ 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈
- Negative: I / singular + wasn’t + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈
Plural + weren’t+ 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈
- Question: Was / Were + subject + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈 ?

**Keywords: (when, while)

a. While was / were + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈 , 𝑽𝟐 / didn’t 𝑽𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆
Example: - While they …………………….. the movie, the lights went off.
a. was watching b. were watching c. watch d. watching

b. When 𝑽𝟐 / didn’t 𝑽𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 , was / were + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈

Example: - When she arrived, I …………………. to music.
a. was listening b. listen c. listens d. were listening

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**Functions:
1. an action in progress at a specific time in the past (continued for a time in the past):
:)‫ حدث مستمر في وقت محدد في الماضي (استمر لفترة في الماضي‬.1
Keywords: (this time yesterday, at 6 o’clock yesterday, at that time)
Example: At that time yesterday, I ……………………. a story.
a. reads b. were reading c. was reading d. have read

3. Past Perfect Simple: :‫ الماضي التام البسيط‬.3

** Form:
- Affirmative: subject + had + 𝑽𝟑
- Negative: subject + hadn’t + 𝑽𝟑
- Question: Had + subject + 𝑽𝟑 ?

**Keywords:
(before, after, because, when, until that night + never , By the time+𝑽𝟐 , By+‫ تاريخ ماضي‬, (By
the time/ When/ As +𝑽𝟐 , ….. already/ just …….) )

1. After had + 𝑽𝟑 , 𝑽𝟐 / didn’t 𝑽𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆

2. Before 𝑽𝟐 / didn’t 𝑽𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 , had + 𝑽𝟑

3. 𝑽𝟐 / didn’t 𝑽𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒆 because had + 𝑽𝟑

4. By + ‫ زمن ماضي‬, had + 𝑽𝟑

5. By the time+𝑽𝟐 , had + 𝑽𝟑

6. By the time/ When/ As +𝑽𝟐 , had already/ just 𝑽𝟑

Example: - Before I saw them, they …………………….the money.
a. stole b. had stolen c. was stealing d. steals
- He was nervous because …………… never ……………. before.
a. had fly b. had flown c. has flown d. have flown

*** We use the Past Perfect Simple to talk about:

1 the duration of states before a specific point in the past:
:‫• مدة الحاالت قبل نقطة محددة في الماضي‬
EXAMPLE: She had been blind for 12 years when she started her journey.

2 completed earlier actions with a relevance to the time of the story:

:‫• إكمال اإلجراءات السابقة ذات الصلة بوقت القصة‬
EXAMPLE: He wrote about a spot that he had discovered on the surface of Venus.

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3 experiences that happened before a specific point in the past:
:‫• تجارب حدثت قبل نقطة محددة في الماضي‬
EXAMPLE: By the time he died, he had written a lot of letters.
4. Past Perfect Continuous ‫ الماضي التام المستمر‬.4
** Form:
- Affirmative: subject + had + been + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈
- Negative: subject + hadn’t + been + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈
- Question: Had + subject + been + 𝑽𝒊𝒏𝒈 ?

**Keywords:
(when, as, for, since, before, By the time+𝑽𝟐 , because, how long, all+‫) زمن ماضي‬
1. He felt exhausted. He ……………………….. for an hour.
a. has be thinking b. had been thinking c. thinks
2. When I arrived, he …………………… for his English exam for three hours.
a. had been revising b. have been revising c. had revised d. had been revising

** We use the Past Perfect Continuous to talk about:

1 the duration of actions that began earlier in the past and continued to the time of
the story:
:‫• مدة األحداث التي بدأت في وقت سابق في الماضي واستمرت إلى وقت القصة‬
EXAMPLE: He had been studying bird migration for years.

2 earlier past processes with a relevance to the main events in the story:
:‫• العمليات الماضية السابقة ذات الصلة باألحداث الرئيسية في القصة‬
EXAMPLE: He had an accident with a pair of scissors that he had been playing with.

3 We do not use the Past Perfect Continuous with repeated actions when we say how
many times something happened:
:‫• ال نستخدم الماضي التام المستمر مع األفعال المتكررة عندما نقول كم مرة حدث شيء ما‬
EXAMPLE: She had been visiting him regularly. NOT She had been visiting him three times.

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 We use negative inversion to add emphasis (special meaning) to a sentence:

:‫السلت إلضافة التأكيد (معت خاص) إل الجملة‬
‫ي‬ ‫ نستخدم العكس‬
** Form:
negative adverbial‫ ظرف سلبي‬+ auxiliary verb + subject + clause (Verb)

:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ ‫ الفعل المناسب‬+ ‫**** يجب أن تستخدم مع هذا التكيب الفعل المساعد المناسب‬
** Simple present: 𝒅𝒐𝒆𝒔
𝒅𝒐
+ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓
𝒑𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒍
+ infinitive
** Simple past: did + subject + infinitive

:‫كالتال‬
‫ي‬ ،‫** بالنسبة لبقية األزمنة نستخدم الفعل المساعد الموجود يف الجملة‬

** Some common adverbs and adverbial phrases are:

:‫ه‬
‫** بعض الظروف الشائعة والعبارات الظرفية ي‬
1. seldom/rarely ‫ناد ًرا‬ never ‫ أبدًا‬/at no time ‫في أي وقت من األوقات‬

2. )hardly ‫ بالكاد‬/barely‫ بالكاد‬/scarcely‫… (بالكاد‬.… when …..… ‫عندما‬

.‫النف‬
‫ي‬ ‫ إذا كانت الجملة منفية يجب حذف‬:‫** مهم‬

3. under no circumstances‫ تحت أي ظرف من الظروف‬/in no way‫ قطعا‬/ no sooner‫ليس عاجال‬

ً ***
.than ‫ نستخدم‬no sooner ‫دائما مع‬
. must ‫ و‬should ‫تأت مع‬
‫ يف الغالب ي‬under no circumstances ***
ً (did I/they know/ imagine …)
4. not only‫ … ليس فقط‬but also ‫ … بل أيضًا‬/little ‫قليال‬

** Negative inversion can sound quite formal, but it is also used in more informal contexts
for dramatic effect.
.‫ ولكنه يستخدم أيضًا في سياقات غير رسمية إلحداث تأثير درامي‬،‫** قد يبدو العكس السلبي رسميًا تما ًما‬

Example: The new park wasn’t open than it started raining.

No sooner …………………………………………………………………………………………….
 We had hardly left the hotel when it started to pour with rain.
Hardly ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

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‫أسئلة على قواعد الفصل األول‬
Question One: Choose the correct answer from a, b, c and d:
1. I ………………………. the website twice before I went to school.
a. checked b. had checked c. checking d. checks
2. The pupils ……………… their homework for two hours. They will be finished very soon.
a. has done b. done c. have been doing d. has been doing
3. I ………………. like getting a compliment.
a. don’t use to b. didn’t use to c. would d. is
4. ……………….. buy a car, won’t they?
a. Will they b. They would c. They will d. They could
5. They lit some candles and then everyone …………………….. in a circle and told stories.
a. sit b. sat c. sitting d. had sat
6. …………………………………….. so unwelcome at someone’s house.
a. Rarely I have felt b. Rarely I felt have
c. I felt rarely have d. Rarely have I felt
7. I'm thirsty. I ………………. a glass of water.
a. will get b. is going to get c. get d. will be getting
8. The jungle ………. the tribe lived ………. was full of strange and unusual animals.
a. who - on b. that - in c. whose - under d. when - with
9. What’s more, the youngest generation of social media users have a real sense of
……………………….. while on these apps.
a. belonged b. belong c. belonging d. belongs
10. There was a strong smell because someone ………………………… fish.
a. were cooking b. was cooking c. cooked d. cook
11. At no time ……………………. we were right.
a. has we claim b. is we claimed c. did we claim d. have we claim
12. I ……………………. with a few of my friends in recent years.
a. has lost touch b. have lost touch c. was lost touch d. loses touch
13. Dad ………………. with his cousin from time to time, so they’re not close.
a. makes contact b. made contact
c. is made contact d. was making contact
14. By 8 o’clock tomorrow I ………………………. for 12 hours.
a. will work b. am working c. worked d. will have been working
15. There’s one item on the agenda ………………….….. hasn’t been dealt with yet.
a. where b. which c. whom d. when
16. ……………………, Baby Boomers and Gen X do not realise what they are missing.
a. Apparented b. Apparent c. Apparently d. Apparentness
17. He ………………………….. the project last week.
a. finish b. finished c. finishes d. has finished
18. All the flights were cancelled, ……………….…… was very annoying.
a. whom b. that c. which d. where

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19. ………………………….. she made the statement than she realised she had made a big mistake.
a. Under no circumstances b. No sooner had
c. Scarcely had d. Never have
20. She …………………………. say yes if you ask nicely.
a. is unlikely to b. is likely to c. is certain d. are likely
21. Don’t help her, ……………….?
a. will I b. won’t you c. will you d. shall we
22. The most annoying thing my sister does is that she ……………………….. on Saturday mornings.
a. play the drums b. would play the drums
c. will play the drums d. will played the drums
23. There has been a lot of ………………….. between the neighbours since they had an argument.
a. tense b. tension c. tensive d. tensely
24. I ………….. selling them online once I have enough items to sell.
a. are thinking b. am thinking of c. is hoping d. are about to
25. A: Let’s help the old man.
B: ………………………………………………..?
a. Don’t we b. Shall we c. Will we d. Does he
26. I stopped my car, got out and ……………..in the road to see what it was.
a. stand b. stood c. standing d. was standing
27. Yesterday, I called my friend, …………………. I hadn’t spoken to in years.
a. which b. who c. whose d. that
28. By the end of this term, we …………………English for five years.
a ’ll have been studying b are studying c have studied d. study
29. Some animals …………………………. survive this extreme weather.
a. are unlikely to b. is likely to c. is sure to d. are likely
30. In no way …………………………. to give an interview.
a. he agree b. did agree he c. did he agree d. do he agree
31. It ……………go on display to the public at the beginning of next week.
a. are due to b. is to c. am about to d. is due to
32. Apologies, but I ……………much time at the moment. I’ll get back to you soon, I promise.
a. doesn’t have b. hasn’t got c. haven’t got d. didn’t have
33. A: The project wasn't good enough.
B: .................................................?
a. Did it b. Didn't it c. Was it d. Wasn't it
34. Sam …………………………. a holiday by next week.
a. will take b. are going to take c. takes d. will have taken
35. Ali was very tired because he ……………………. for his English exam all night.
a. had been studying b. had studying c. studying d. has been studying
36. When I got home, the flat …………………..of smoke.
a. smells b. smelt c. was smelling d. has smelt
37. He ………………………….. on all the time about how clever he was.
a. will go b. goes c. would go d. went
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38. A: You look very smart in that black suit.
B: .................................................?
a. Am I b. Do I c. Did I d. Have I
39. I can’t see you at 6 tomorrow. I ………………………….basketball as usual.
a. will be playing b. played c. will have played d. plays
40. They ………… always …………… loudly in the dormitory, when we were trying to sleep.
a. are laughing b. is laughing c. laughed d. were laughing
41. I………………… what you mean, but I can’t agree with you.
a. saw b. see c. seen d. am seeing
42. ……………………………………………….. someone was recording everything.
a. Little they did think b. think little they did
c. Little did they think d. Little they thought
43. When I was a child I …………………….. peanuts.
a. would like b. likes c. used to like d. was liked
44. Ahmad has helped me, ……………….?
a. doesn’t he b. has he c. hasn’t he d. he had
45. ………………………. you ever ……………… to China?
a. Has - been b. Is - being c. Have - been d. Are – being
46. I ………………………… her next week to finalise the plans.
a. met b. meeting c. am meeting d. meet
47. They were delighted as they ………… just ………….. the puzzle.
a. solved b. had solved c. solve d. was solving
48. My parents chose a new car two days ago. Today they ……………… it.
a. will buy b. are going to buy c. buying d. bought
49. The two sides need to sit down and find a………………………… .
a. solution b. solve c. solvable d. solves
50. Malek ………………………. much better with his hair cut.
a. is looking b. looks c. was looking d. are looking
51. Students ………………….. to behave in a manner that shows respect.
a. are about b. are c. is due d. is
52. Hanan’s music player ………………………….. nearly 200 songs when the battery ran out.
a. has played b. had played c. plays d. playing
53. The tree ……………….. they had their picnic was the largest and oldest in the park.
a. to who b. with whose c. under which d. on when
54. The police officer ………………………… all the other suspects when he arrested the criminal.
a. had eliminate b. have eliminated c. had eliminated d. eliminates
55. When I got to the stadium, I ……………….a huge queue.
a joined b was joining c had joined d. joins
56. The question that has been written correctly is:
a. Were you had a bad dream when I woke you up?
b. Was you having a bad dream when I woke you up?
c. Did you have a bad dream when I woke you up?
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d. Were you having a bad dream when I woke you up?
57. The sentence in which you can omit the relative pronoun is:
a. Sami, with whom I play football, lives round the corner.
b. The cafe’ where we met each other is there.
c. That is the woman whose daughter got 200 points on ET.
d. The beach which they go to in summer is their favourite place.
58. The function of the following sentence “I’m going to give these old blankets to the charity
shop.” is:
a. actions which follow each other in a story
b. timetabled or scheduled future event
c. facts and things that are generally true
d. something which has already been decided.
59. People who want to make an appointment should do so online.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. People wants to make an appointment should do so online.
b. People wanting to make an appointment should do so online.
c. People wanted to make an appointment should do so online.
d. People are wanting to make an appointment should do so online.
60. We revealed the truth and then we uncovered more lies.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. No sooner did we revealed the truth than we uncovered more lies.
b. No sooner had we reveal the truth than we uncovered more lies.
c. No sooner had we revealed the truth than we uncovered more lies.
d. No sooner have we revealed the truth than we uncovered more lies.
61. The function of the following sentence “It is due to go on display next week.” is:
a. timetabled events.
b. formal or official arrangements, instructions or commands.
c. something is happening very soon.
d. for plans.
62. The sentence which we can use that instead of which or who is:
a. Oliver is adopted by Mr Brownlow, which shows what a kind man he is.
b. Technology, which I find exciting, is always changing.
c. The person who designed the house is a world-famous architect.
d. Husam, who is very absent-minded, has lost his phone.
63. Which sentence from below means “All the students had a hard time.”:
a. The students, that took a test, had a hard time.
b. The students who took a test had a hard time.
c. The students that took a test had a hard time.
d. The students, who took a test, had a hard time.

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64. It is probable global warming will be worse in 50 years.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. Global warming are unlikely to be worse in 50 years.
b. Global warming is unlikely be worse in 50 years.
c. Global warming is likely to be worse in 50 years.
d. Global warming are likely to be worse in 50 years.
65. The sentence that has been written correctly is:
a. Little do he realise the problems he’d caused.
b. Little did he realised the problems he’d caused.
c. Little does he realise the problems he’d caused.
d. Little did he realise the problems he’d caused.
66. The function of the following sentence “I felt tired as I had been driving all day.” is:
a. a situation or an action which continued
b. timetabled or scheduled future event
c. an interrupted past action
d. something which has already been decided.
67. The question that has been written correctly is:
a. How long had Abbas be working at the hotel when he disappeared?
b. How long had Abbas been working at the hotel when he disappeared?
c. How long had Abbas worked at the hotel when he disappeared?
d. How long was Abbas working at the hotel when he disappeared?
68. I have never heard such a heart-warming story.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. Seldom had I heard such a heart-warming story.
b. Seldom have I hear such a heart-warming story.
c. Seldom do I heard such a heart-warming story.
d. Seldom have I heard such a heart-warming story.
69. The sentence that has been written correctly is:
a. By the time we open the door, the noises already stopped.
b. By the time we opened the door, the noises already stop.
c. By the time we opened the door, the noises had already stopped.
d. By the time we opened the door, the noises already stopped.
70. I bought my new headphones in this shop.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. This is the shop whose I bought my new headphones.
b. This is the shop where I bought my new headphones.
c. This is the shop when I bought my new headphones.
d. This is the shop whom I bought my new headphones.

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Question One’s Answers:

1. b 8. b 15. b 22. c 29. a 36. b 43. c 50. b 57. d 64. c

2. c 9. c 16. c 23. b 30. c 37. b 44. c 51. b 58. d 65. d

3. b 10. b 17. b 24. b 31. d 38. c 45. c 52. b 59. b 66. a

4. c 11. c 18. b 25. b 32. c 39. a 46. c 53. c 60. c 67. b

5. b 12. b 19. c 26. b 33. d 40. d 47. b 54. c 61. a 68. d

6. d 13. a 20. b 27. b 34. d 41. b 48. b 55. a 62. c 69. c

7. a 14. d 21. c 28. a 35. a 42. c 49. a 56. d 63. d 70. b

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Choose the correct answer from a, b, c and d:
1. …………………. Amelia Earhart …………………. Bangkok when she disappeared?
a. Was – visit b. Has – been visiting c. Had – been visiting d. Do - visit
2. I ………………………….. with Mr Farley earlier today, but he hasn’t responded yet.
a. established contact b. establish contact
c. is establishing d. was establishing
3. He used to enjoy classical films. He ……... to cinema every Friday.
a. will go b. used to going c. was forever going d. would go
4. ……………………………………………….. someone was recording everything.
a. Little they did think b. think little they did
c. Little did they think d. Little they thought
5. A video shop is a place …………………... you can rent some films.
a. when b. that c. where d. whom
6. I’m thirsty. I ………………. grab a tea.
a. will b. am going to c. am d. would
7. I haven’t used it yet. I ………………. it a try later on.
a. will give b. are going to give c. am gave d. gave
8. When you are studying till 4 a.m., you ………………………exhausted the next day.
a. are to feel b. are bound to feel c. is due to feel d. felt
9. Elvis ………………….. 24 studio albums before he died.
a. record b. have recorded c. records d. had recorded
10. Paul McCartney …………………….. to play the trumpet before he was given a
guitar.
a. had be learning b. had been learning c. learns d. learn
11. Ali ………………. about his achievements.
a. will always talk b. is always talking
c. would always talk d. used to talking
12. A: He paid me a lot of compliments.
B: …………………? That’s nice!
a) Did he b) Does he
c) Was he d) is he
13. We …………………… about the hoax at the time.
a. weren’t knowing b. hadn’t been knowing c. hadn’t known d. knowing
14. We ……………….lunch now. Will you join us, please?
a. have b. are having c. has d. had
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15. …………………………………….. so unwelcome at someone’s house.
a. Rarely I have felt b. Rarely I felt have
c. I felt rarely have d. Rarely have I felt
16.Big bang theory, ………………… is about the lives of four scientists, is a comedy series.
a. that b. whom c. whose d. which
17. When I was a child, I ……………………… very quit.
a. would be b. used to be c. will be d. was being
18. I find him a bit unfriendly, but don’t tell him, …………………. ?
a. don’t you b. will you c. do you d. do he
19. He …………………… with me ever since we had that argument.
a. hadn’t stayed in touch b. didn’t stay in touch
c. hasn’t stayed in touch d. doesn’t stay in touch
20. She was tired because ………………….. the news for hours.
a. watches b. has been watching c. watching d. had been watching
21. That’s the programme ……………………… they compete for money.
a. in whom b. in which c. in who d. in where
22. Who's the person who is singing on stage?
- Who's the person …………..on stage?
a. sing b. sang c. sung d. singing
23. The question that has been written correctly is:
a. Have you seen anybody these days, Faisal?
b. Do you see anybody these days, Faisal?
c. Are you seeing anybody these days, Faisal?
d. Have you see anybody these days, Faisal?
24.The function of the following sentence “Last night, I was driving back home.” is:
a. an action in progress at a specific time
b. things happening now or around now
c. an action which took place before another
d. facts and things that are generally true
25. As well as winning the race, she also broke a world record.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. Not only she winning the race, but she also broke a world record.
b. Not only did she win the race, but she also break a world record.
c. Not only does she win the race, but she also break a world record.
d. Not only did she win the race, but she also broke a world record.
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26. There are very few people who are still using analogue televisions.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. There are very few people are still used analogue televisions.
b. There are very few people who are used analogue televisions.
c. There are very few people using analogue televisions.
d. There are very few people is using analogue televisions.
27. The sentence that has been written correctly is:
a. Hardly have I clicked on the headline when I knew it was fake.
b. Hardly had I clicked on the headline when I know it was fake.
c. Hardly had I clicked on the headline when I knew it was fake.
d. Hardly did I clicked on the headline when I knew it was fake.
28. Which sentence from below means “He’s got only one cousin.”:
a. His cousin who was born in Argentina is a teacher.
b. His cousin, that was born in Argentina, is a teacher.
c. His cousin, who was born in Argentina, is a teacher.
d. His cousin whom was born in Argentina is a teacher.
29. My grandma’s house has no wi-fi. It’s very annoying.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentences is:
a. My grandma’s house has no wi-fi, whose is very annoying.
b. My grandma’s house has no wi-fi, where is very annoying.
c. My grandma’s house has no wi-fi, that is very annoying.
d. My grandma’s house has no wi-fi, which is very annoying.
30. Oil prices will definitely rise next year.
The sentence that has the same meaning of the previous sentence is:
a. Oil prices is certain to rise next year.
b. Oil prices are likely to rise next year.
c. Oil prices are certain rise next year.
d. Oil prices are certain to rise next year.
Answers:
1. c 6. a 11. b 16. d 21. b 26. c
2. a 7. a 12. a 17. b 22. d 27. c
3. d 8. b 13. c 18. b 23. c 28. c
4. c 9. d 14. b 19. c 24. a 29. d
5. c 10. b 15. d 20. d 25. d 30. d

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