Ordinance & Syllabus

For

M.Sc. – MLT
Academic Programme

Specialization/Discipline:

Clinical Biochemistry
Medical Microbiology & Immunology
Pathology

Ordinance According to
NEP-2020

Duration:
2 years (4 Semesters)

1
 M.Sc. – Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT)
Clinical Biochemistry

Program outcome
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Supervise/Perform routine Clinical Biochemistry laboratory testing.
 Provide Medical laboratory services in all types of clinical laboratories from Primary
healthcare laboratory to Tertiary health care institution in the fields of Bacteriology,
Immunology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology.
 Make specimen-oriented decision on predetermined criteria including working
knowledge of critical values.
 Communicate with other members of healthcare team, customers and patients in an
effective manner.
 Process information and ensure quality control as appropriate to routine laboratory.
 Train students in routine/special laboratory procedure.
 Upgrade knowledge and skills in a changing healthcare scenario.
 Should know the logical interpretation of clinical lab investigations.
 Should be capable to extrapolate data acquired
 Should be capable of supervise / guide the staff working on automated machine
 Should be capable of teaching, proposing/executing research project

Program Specific outcome

 Proficiently supervise and perform full range of clinical Biochemistry laboratory tests.
 Develop and evaluate test systems and interpretive algorithms.
 Manage information to enable effective, timely, accurate, and cost-effective reporting
of laboratory-generated information
 To teach under graduate students and develop/guide research projects
 Faculty development in Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT)

Medical Microbiology & Immunology

Program Outcome
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
 To provide medical laboratory services in all types of clinical laboratories from Primary
healthcare laboratory to Tertiary health care institution in the fields of Bacteriology,
Immunology, Mycology, Parasitology and Virology.
 Make specimen-oriented decision on predetermined criteria including working
knowledge of critical values.
 Communicate with other members of healthcare team, customers and patients in an
effective manner.
 Process information andensure quality control as appropriate to routine laboratory.
 Train students in routine/special laboratory procedure.
 Upgrade knowledge and skills in a changing healthcare scenario.
 Should know the logical interpretation of clinical lab investigations.
 Should be capable to extrapolate data acquired
 Should be capable of supervise / guide the staff working on automated machine
 Should be capable of teaching, proposing/executing research project

2
Program Specific outcome
 Proficiently supervise and perform full range of clinical laboratory investigations related
to Medical Microbiology, hence provide medical laboratory services in all types of
clinical laboratories from Primary healthcare laboratory to Tertiary health care
institution in the fields of Bacteriology, Immunology, Mycology, Parasitology and
Virology.
 Develop and evaluate test systems and interpretive algorithms.
 Manage information to enable effective, timely, accurate, and cost-effective reporting
of laboratory-generated information.
 To teach under graduate students and develop/guide research projects.
 Faculty development in Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT).

Pathology
Program Outcome
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
 Supervise/Perform routine Haematological and Immuno-haematological laboratory
testing.
 Make specimen-oriented decision on predetermined criteria including working
knowledge of critical values.
 Communicate with other members of healthcare team, customers and patients in an
effective manner.
 Process information and ensure quality control as appropriate to routine laboratory.
 Train students in routine/special laboratory procedure.
 Upgrade knowledge and skills in a changing healthcare scenario.
 Should know the logical interpretation of clinical lab investigations.
 Should be capable to extrapolate data acquired
 Should be capable of supervise / guide the staff working on automated machine
 Should be capable of teaching, proposing/executing research project

Program specific outcome

 Proficiently supervise and perform full range of Haematological and Immuno-

haematological laboratory tests.
 Develop and evaluate test systems and interpretive algorithms.
 Manage information to enable effective, timely, accurate, and cost-effective reporting
of laboratory-generated information
 To teach under graduate students and develop/guide research projects
 Faculty development in Medical Laboratory Technology (MLT)

3
 Master of Science in Medical Laboratory Technology
(M.Sc.-MLT)

1. Duration of Course:
 M.Sc.-MLT course will be a full-time course.
 Duration will be two years (Four Semesters).
This course shall be divided into four semester examinations namely MSc in
Medical Laboratory Technology I & II Semester (First Academic Year), & III &
IV Semester (Second Academic Year) .

2. Specialization/Discipline
There shall be following specialization/discipline:
Specialization/ Discipline No. of Seats
M.Sc.-MLT in Clinical Biochemistry 10
M.Sc.-MLT in Medical Microbiology & Immunology 10
M.Sc.-MLT in Pathology 10

MEDIUM OF INSTRUCTION
English shall be the medium of instruction for all the subjects of study and for examination of the course.

SEATS:
Total no. of seats will be 30.

EXAMINATION:
As per the University norms.

DURATION OF EXAMINATION:
As per the University norms.

ELIGIBILITY:
The students who have passed B.Sc.-MLT (B.Sc.-Medical Laboratory Technology)
Course from any recognized Institutions/University with minimum of 55% marks (50%
for SC/ST)

4
 CHHATRAPATI SHAHU JI MAHARAJ UNIVERSITY, KANPUR
STRUCTURE OF SYLLABUS FOR THE

PROGRAM: M.Sc.-Medical Laboratory Technology (MMLT)

Syllabus Developed by
Name of BoS Convenors Designation Department College/University
/ BoS Members
Prof. Sanjay Kala Principal Dean, Faculty of Medicine GSVM. Medical College, Kanpur
Prof. Dolly Rastogi Professor Physiology GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
Prof. Parvez Khan Head Ophthalmology GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
Prof. Sanjay Kumar Head Orthopaedics GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
Prof. MP Mishra Ex. Director JK Cancer Institute GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
Dr. Chayanika Kala Associate Professor Pathology GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
Dr. Ashok Verma Head & Associate Professor Radiology GSVM Medical College, Kanpur
Dr. Digvijay Sharma Director School of Health Sciences CSJM University, Kanpur
Dr. Munish Rastogi Assistant Director School of Health Sciences CSJM University, Kanpur
Dr. Versha Prasad Assistant Professor School of Health Sciences CSJM University, Kanpur
Dr. Ram Kishor Assistant Professor School of Health Sciences CSJM University, Kanpur

Subjects: Clinical Biochemistry, Pathology, Medical Microbiology and Immunology

IST YEAR / IST SEM

COURSE COURSE TITLE CREDITS CIA ESE MAX.
CODE TYPE
MARKS
M010701T CORE MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 4 25 75 100
M010702T CORE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY & IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M010703T CORE GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M010704T CORE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M010705P PRACTICAL MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 4 25 75 100
M010706P PRACTICAL CLINICAL PATHOLOGY & IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M010707P PRACTICAL GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 4 25 75 100
DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 0
TOTAL 28 700
IST YEAR / IIND SEM
M010801T CORE MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT 4 25 75 100
M010802T CORE BLOOD GROUPING & IMMUNOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M010803T CORE BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES 4 25 75 100
M010804T CORE BIOSTATISTICS 4 25 75 100
M010805P PRACTICAL MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT 4 25 75 100
M010806P PRACTICAL BLOOD GROUPING & IMMUNOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M010807P PRACTICAL BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES 4 25 75 100
M010808R DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 8 25 75 100
TOTAL 36 800

5
 Subjects: Clinical Biochemistry
IInd YEAR / IIIrd SEM
COURSE COURSE TITLE CREDITS CIA ESE MAX.
CODE TYPE
MARKS
M01C0901T CORE CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 4 25 75 100
M01C0902T CORE ENDOCRINOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01C0903T CORE TUMOUR AND CANCER MARKER 4 25 75 100
M01C0904P PRACTICAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 4 25 75 100
M01C0905P PRACTICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01C0906P PRACTICAL TUMOUR AND CANCER MARKER 4 25 75 100
DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 0
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
CLUB ETC. 2
CLINICAL TRAINING/ CAMPS 2
TOTAL 28 600
IInd YEAR / IVrd SEM
M01C1001T CORE APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY 4 25 75 100
M01C1002T CORE AUTOMATION 4 25 75 100
M01C1003P PRACTICAL APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY 4 25 75 100
M01C1004P PRACTICAL AUTOMATION 4 25 75 100
M01C1005R DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 8 25 75 100
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
CLUB ETC. 2
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING 2
TOTAL 28 500
Grand Total 120 2600

6
 Subjects: Medical Microbiology & Immunology
IInd YEAR / IIIrd SEM
COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE CREDITS CIA ESE MAX.
TYPE
MARKS
M01M0901T CORE SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M0902T CORE VIROLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M0903T CORE MYCOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M0904P PRACTICAL SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M0905P PRACTICAL VIROLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M0906P PRACTICAL MYCOLOGY 4 25 75 100
DISSERTATIONDISSERTATION 0
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
CLUB ETC. 2
CLINICAL TRAINING/ CAMPS 2
TOTAL 28 600
IInd YEAR / IVrd SEM
M01M1001T CORE APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M1002T CORE PARASITOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M1003P PRACTICAL APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M1004P PRACTICAL PARASITOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01M1005R DISSERTATIONDISSERTATION 8 25 75 100
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
CLUB ETC. 2
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING 2
TOTAL 28 500
Grand Total 120 2600

7
 Subjects: Pathology

IInd YEAR / IIIrd SEM

COURSE COURSE TITLE CREDITS CIA ESE MAX.
CODE TYPE
MARKS
M01P0901T CORE HISTOPATHOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01P0902T CORE HEMATOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01P0903T CORE BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES 4 25 75 100
M01P0904P PRACTICAL HISTOPATHOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01P0905P PRACTICAL HEMATOLOGY 4 25 75 100
M01P0906P PRACTICAL BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES 4 25 75 100
DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 0
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
CLUB ETC. 2
CLINICAL TRAINING/ CAMPS 2
TOTAL 28 600
IInd YEAR / IVrd SEM
M01P1001T CORE COAGULATION STUDIES 4 25 75 100
M01P1002T CORE BLOOD TRANSFUSION 4 25 75 100
M01P1003P PRACTICAL COAGULATION STUDIES 4 25 75 100
M01P1004P PRACTICAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION 4 25 75 100
M01P1005R DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 8 25 75 100
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/JOURNAL
CLUB ETC. 2
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING 2
TOTAL 28 500
Grand Total 120 2600
NOTE:

1. Do not mark any Code/Information in Column-A, it will be endorsed by the University.

2. CIA in Column-E stands for ‘Continuous Internal Assessment’ and depicts the maximum
internal marks. Respective examination will be conducted by subject teacher. ESE in
Column F stands for ‘End Sem Examination/Evaluation’ and depicts the maximum external
marks. Respective examination will be conducted by the University.
3. Column-B defines the nature of course/paper. The word CORE herein stands for Compulsory
Subject Paper.
4. Column-D depicts the credits assigned for the corresponding course/paper.
5. Elective: It will be a Subject Elective. Students may accordingly select one or more subject
papers under this category.
6. Amongst the electives, one or two electives may be declared as Open (Generic) electives
that shall be open as Minor Elective to students of other faculty in 1st or 2nd semester of
a PG program.
7. In both years of PG program, there will be a Research Project or equivalently a research-
oriented Dissertation as per guidelines issued earlier.
8. Research project can be done in form of Internship/Survey/Field work/Research project/
Industrial training, for which report/dissertation shall have to be submitted. The
evaluation for the same shall be done at the end of each year in form of
seminar/presentation and viva voce.
9. The student straight away will be awarded 05 credits if he publishes a research paper on
the topic of Research Project or Dissertation.

8
Internal Assessment
 It will be for theory and practical both.
 It will be done through the whole semester
 Candidate must obtain at least 40% marks in theory and practicals separately in internal
assessment to be eligible for the semester university examination.

 Internal assessment (Theory) will be done as follows:

a) Seminars/Symposia/Journal club/Assignment/
Clinical presentation = 10 marks
b) Mid-term examination = 10 marks
c) Attendance/Teaching Skills = 05 marks
Total = 25 marks

 Internal assessment (Practical) will be done as follows:

a) Lab work Presentation /Clinical Lab Practices/Clinical Training = 10 marks
b) Practical Training Skills/ Continuous evaluation = 10 marks
c) Laboratory Manual/Attendance = 05 marks
Total = 25 marks

 Internal assessment of subjects without practical will be done as:

a) Assignments/ Projects/ class test/ Presentations = 10 marks
b) Mid Term examination = 10 marks
c) Attendance/Teaching Skills = 05 marks
Total = 25 marks

Criteria for Passing

 As per University norms.

Maximum duration for completion for course

 A candidate shall complete the course within four years from date of admission failing which the
candidate will be discharged.

Division:
 As per the University norms.

Degree:
 The degree of M.Sc.-MLT course of the University shall be conferred according to
specialization/discipline on the candidates who have pursued the prescribed course of study for not
less than two academic years and have passed examinations as prescribed under the relevant
scheme.

9
 Monitoring Progress of Studies
It is essential to monitor the learning progress of each candidate through continuous appraisal and
regular internal assessment. It not only also helps teachers to evaluate students, but also students
to evaluate themselves. The monitoring be done by the faculty members of the department based
on participation of students in various teaching / learning activities.

(a) Seminar
 Seminars /recent advance presentation will be held every week, however, its timings are
subject to clinical schedule. Topics must be well researched and must include common
knowledge, recent advances, analysis and references.
 PG students should present minimum of two seminars in a semester (One in general and
one in elective area) and Internal Assessment marks will depend on better topic selection
and presentation.

(b) Clinical Lab Practices

Post graduate students must do:
 Sample collection, storages & analysis of every sample given to them for various
parameters.
 They should know proper laboratory management.
 They should work on every instrument according to their specialization.
 Maintenance and care of the instrument of the laboratory.
 They will do hospital/laboratory/blood bank postings for training & skill development.

(c) Teaching Skills

Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate students if any. This performance
will be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback
from the undergraduate students.

(d) Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club):

The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual
aids are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the
meeting.

(e) Work diary / Log Book

Every student shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training
programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special
mention may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical
practice, if any conducted by the student.

(f) Mid Term Examination/Class Test/Assignments

There will be mid-term examination/class tests/ assignments in every semester. Various class
test may be taken by the department and assignments may be given to students on various
topics. Marks of these will be included in every semester.

(g) Records
Records, log books and marks obtained in mid-term examination/class tests/ assignments will
be maintained by the Head of the Department/Teacher of the concerned subject.

10
 Dissertation

Every candidate pursing M.Sc.-MLT degree course is required to carry out research work on a selected
research project under the guidance of a recognized postgraduate teacher. The results of such a work
shall be submitted in the form of dissertation. Topic for dissertation shall be assigned by the guide.
If the subject of Thesis entails collaboration with other departments or specialties, the collaborative
portion of the work will be supervised by Co-Guide, designated by the School of Health Sciences in
consultation with the Guide. Where a Co-Guide is involved, the Thesis will be certified jointly by the
Guide & Co-guide.

Every candidate shall submit synopsis to the University in the prescribed Performa containing
particulars of proposed dissertation work, within 6 months from the date of commencement of the
course on or before the dates notified by the university. The synopsis shall be sent through the proper
channel. Such synopsis will be reviewed and the university will register the dissertation topic.
No change in the dissertation topic or guide shall be made without prior approval of the university. Guide
will be only a facilitator, advisor of the concept and hold responsible in correctly directing the candidate
in the methodology and not responsible for the outcome and results.

The dissertation should be written under the following headings.

1. Introduction
2. Aims or objectives of study
3. Review of literature
4. Material and methods
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
8. References
9. Master and Chart & Table (If Applicable)
10. Annexure (If Applicable)

The written text of dissertation/ research project shall not be less than 50 pages and shall not exceed
120 pages excluding references, tables, questionnaires and other annexure. It should be neatly typed
in double line spacing on one side of bond paper (A4 size, 8.27" x 11.69") and bound properly. Spiral
binding should be avoided. A declaration by the candidate for having done the work himself should also
be included, and the guide, head of the department and Director/Coordinator of the institute shall certify
the dissertation/ research project.
Every candidate is required to give power point presentation before final submission of dissertation.
Four copies of Dissertation/research project shall be submitted to the university, through proper
channel, along with a soft copy (CD), 2 months before the final examination. It shall be assessed by
two examiners appointed by the university, one internal and one external. There will be a power point
open presentation of the submitted dissertation as per the schedule given by the university. This
presentation shall be jointly evaluated by external and internal examiner as per the criteria given below:
Objective(s) of the work done, Methodology adopted, Result and Discussion, Conclusion & outcome
If the student failed to secure the minimum passing marks he will resubmit the dissertation 01 month
before the supplementary exam.

11
 Guide

I. Eligibility to be a guide
(a) Full time faculty involved in teaching in the same Department/Institute or in the affiliated
colleges or institutions of University.
(b) Academic qualification and teaching/professional experience for each branch.

For M.Sc.-MLT in Clinical Biochemistry

 MBBS, MD (Medical Biochemistry)/MBBS, M.Sc. (Medical/Clinical Biochemistry with 02
years teaching/professional experience.
Or
MBBS, Ph.D. (Faculty of Medicine) with 2 years teaching/professional experience in related
subject.
Or
MBBS/Ph.D.(Life Science) with 5 years teaching experience in related subject.
Or
M.Sc. (Medical/Clinical Biochemistry) or M.Sc.-MLT in Clinical Biochemistry with 05 years
of teaching experience after the postgraduate qualification in a teaching institute.

 For M.Sc.-MLT in Medical Microbiology & Immunology

MBBS, MD (Medical Microbiology)/M.B.B.S, M.Sc.-in Medical Microbiology with 02 years
teaching/professional experience.
Or
MBBS, Ph.D. (Faculty of Medicine) with 02 years teaching/professional experience in
related subject.
Or
MBBS with 5 years teaching experience in related subject.
Or
MBBS/Ph.D.(Life Science) with 5 years teaching experience in related subject.
Or
M.Sc. (Medical Microbiology) or M.Sc.-MLT in Microbiology and Immunology/related
subject with 5 years teaching experience after the post graduate qualification in teaching
institute.
 For M.Sc.-MLT in Pathology
MBBS, MD (Pathology) with 02 years teaching/professional experience.
Or
MBBS, Ph.D. (Faculty of Medicine) with 02 years teaching/professional experience in
related subject.
Or
MBBS with 5 years teaching experience in related subject.
Or
M.Sc.-MLT in Pathology or related subject with 5 years teaching experience after the post
graduate qualification in teaching institute.
The Vice Chancellor of the University can appoint a person as a guide whom he/she considers
suitable.
II. Age of Guide
The age of guide should not exceed 62 years or as per university norms.

III. Guide student ratio

1: 5

A recognized guide shall supervise dissertation work of not more than 5 students per academic
year.

IV. Change of Guide

In the event of registered guide leaving the department/institute or in the event of death of guide,
guide may be change with prior permission from the university.

12
 COURSE OF STUDY

Specialization- Clinical Biochemistry/Pathology/Medical

Microbiology & Immunology
First Semester University Examination

TEACHING
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
HOURS
M010701T CORE MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 80
M010702T CORE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY & IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 80
M010703T CORE GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 80
M010704T CORE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 80
M010705P PRACTICAL MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 80
M010706P PRACTICAL CLINICAL PATHOLOGY & IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 80
M010707P PRACTICAL GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY 80
DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 40
TOTAL 600

Second Semester University Examination

TEACHING
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
HOURS
M010801T CORE MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT 80
M010802T CORE BLOOD GROUPING & IMMUNOLOGY 80
M010803T CORE BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES 80
M010804T CORE BIOSTATISTICS 80
M010805P PRACTICAL MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT 80
M010806P PRACTICAL BLOOD GROUPING & IMMUNOLOGY 80
M010807P PRACTICAL BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES 80
M010808R DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 120
TOTAL 680

M.Sc.-MLT (Clinical Biochemistry)

Third Semester University Examination
TEACHING
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
HOURS
M01C0901T CORE CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 80
M01C0902T CORE ENDOCRINOLOGY 80
M01C0903T CORE TUMOUR AND CANCER MARKER 80
M01C0904P PRACTICAL CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 80
M01C0905P PRACTICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY 80
M01C0906P PRACTICAL TUMOUR AND CANCER MARKER 80
DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 40
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/
40
JOURNAL CLUB ETC.
CLINICAL TRAINING/ CAMPS 160
TOTAL 720

13
 M.Sc.-MLT (Clinical Biochemistry)

Fourth Semester University Examination

TEACHING
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
HOURS
M01C1001T CORE APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY 80
M01C1002T CORE AUTOMATION 80
M01C1003P PRACTICAL APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY 80
M01C1004P PRACTICAL AUTOMATION 80
M01C1005R DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 120
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
40
CLUB ETC.
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING 160
TOTAL 640

Specialization- Medical Microbiology & Immunology

M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)

Third Semester University Examination
Teaching
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
Hours
M01M0901T CORE SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY 80
M01M0902T CORE VIROLOGY 80
M01M0903T CORE MYCOLOGY 80
M01M0904P PRACTICAL SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY 80
M01M0905P PRACTICAL VIROLOGY 80
M01M0906P PRACTICAL MYCOLOGY 80
DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 40
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB
40
ETC.
CLINICAL TRAINING/ CAMPS 160
TOTAL 720

M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)

Fourth Semester University Examination
TEACHING
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
HOURS
M01M1001T CORE APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY 80
M01M1002T CORE PARASITOLOGY 80
M01M1003P PRACTICAL APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY 80
M01M1004P PRACTICAL PARASITOLOGY 80
M01M1005R DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 120
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
40
CLUB ETC.
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING 160
TOTALL 640

14
 Specialization- Pathology
M.Sc.-MLT (Pathology)
Third Semester University Examination
TEACHING
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
HOURS
M01P0901T CORE HISTOPATHOLOGY 80
M01P0902T CORE HEMATOLOGY 80
M01P0903T CORE BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES 80
M01P0904P PRACTICAL HISTOPATHOLOGY 80
M01P0905P PRACTICAL HEMATOLOGY 80
M01P0906P PRACTICAL BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES 80
DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 40
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL
40
CLUB ETC.
CLINICAL TRAINING/ CAMPS 160
TOTAL 720

M.Sc.-MLT (Pathology)
Fourth Semester University Examination
Teaching
COURSE CODE TYPE COURSE TITLE
Hours
M01P1001T CORE COAGULATION STUDIES 80
M01P1002T CORE BLOOD TRANSFUSION 80
M01P1003P PRACTICAL COAGULATION STUDIES 80
M01P1004P PRACTICAL BLOOD TRANSFUSION 80
M01P1005R DISSERTATION DISSERTATION 120
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS/SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB
40
ETC.
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING 160
TOTAL 640

15
 Syllabus
M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization
MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Code: M010701T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To provide brief knowledge of biochemical metabolites.
 To impart knowledge about methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of
biomolecules.
THEORY
1. Carbohydrates
 Definition, Function, Classification, Isomerism & Properties of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
 Metabolism-Utilization of Glucose, Glycogenesis (in brief), Glycogenolysis ( in brief), Glycolysis,
Citric Acid Cycle, Gluconeogenesis(in brief), HMP Shunt(in brief), Regulation of Blood Glucose level
2.-Amino Acids
 Definition, Classification & functions
 Properties
3.- Proteins-
 Definition, classification, functions
 Structural Organization-Primary, Secondary, Tertiary & Quaternary
 Metabolism- Catabolism of Amino Acid Nitrogen, Synthesis of Urea- Transamination, Oxidative
deamination, Ammonia formation & Transport, Urea Cycle, Metabolic Disorders in Urea Cycle,
 Essential and non-essential amino acids
 Creatine & Creatinine, Proteinuria
4.-Lipids
 Definition, classification, biomedical importance, Lipoproteins in the blood composition & their
functions in brief,
 Metabolism- Beta oxidation of fatty acids, fatty liver, Ketosis, Cholesterol & it's clinical significance .
Atherosclerosis. essential fatty acids
5.- Enzymes
 Introduction, definition, classification, coenzymes, isoenzymes, properties, factors affecting enzyme
action, enzyme inhibition, diagnostic value of serum enzymes,
6- Hyperglycemia & hypoglycemia –
Hyperglycemia, Diabetes mellitus - definition, types, features, gestation diabetes mellitus, glucose
tolerance test, Glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosurias,
 Glucose Tolerance test, Insulin Tolerance Test
Hypoglycemia & its causes
7- Bilirubin General types and Jaundice
 Liver Function Test
i) Bilirubin estimation
ii) Alkaline phosphates and acid phosphates estimation
iii) SGOT, SGPT Estimation
8- Xylose absorption test
9- Analysis of calculi
11-Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
 Composition and function of CSF
 Clinical significance of CSF analysis
 Estimation of sugar and proteins in CSF
10- Urine chemistry
 Physical and Chemical examination of Urine samples. Qualitative tests for inorganic urinary
ingredients
 Common qualitative and quantitative tests of urine
 Automation in Urine chemistry
11- Renal Function tests-
Functions of Kidney
GFR
Various Renal Function tests
12- Blood gases and pH, carboxyhemoglobin, CO, Met Hb, O 2 saturation
13- Blood collection procedures- theory of anticoagulation.
14- Bio-Medical waste: Types, potential risks and their safe management.

16
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY & IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Course Code: M010702T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To provide complete knowledge of collection, transportation and processing of various clinical
pathology specimens.
 To provide complete knowledge of investigative & diagnostic procedure involved in clinical
pathology.
 To provide brief knowledge of immunohematological diseases.

THEORY
A. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
1. Collection, transport, preservation and processing of various clinical specimens
2. Urine examination- microscopic.
3. Test for haemosiderin pigment.
4. Stool examination
 Collection of specimen of feaces
 Macroscopic (Naked eye) inspection
 Concentration method, Flotation method.
 Microscopic examination
 Chemical examination
 Strip method
 Test for Occult blood – Benzidine Test
6. Sputum examination –
 collection of specimen
 Physical examination
 Microscopic – Gram’s stain, Ziehl Neelsen stain for AFB
 Chemical examination
7. Gastric analysis
Indications, contra indications. Method of collection. Fasting gastric juice – Macroscopic and
microscopic examination.
 Fractional test meal
 Augmented Histamine test
 Hollander’s test
8. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Method of obtaining CSF, indications, contra indications.
Examination of CSF:
 Physical examination
 Biochemical examination
 Microscopic examination
a. Cytological examination
b. Bacteriological examination
9- Semen Analysis- Gross & Microscopic
9. Body fluids
Microscopic examination of Pleural, Pericardial, synovial, ascitic and peritonial fluid.
10. Pregnancy Test- Method, interpretation.

17
B. IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
1. Mechanism of Ab-mediated inactivation: direct and indirect
e.g. Diabetes mellitus, Thyroid diseases, Pernicious anemia, Polyendocrinopathy, Infertility, Haemophilia,
Myasthenia gravis, Anti-idiotypes and diseases.
2. Immune deficiency disorders
3. Immunohaematologic diseases: Transfusion reactions, erythroblastosis foetails, warm-antibody disesases,
cold antibody diseases, drug and hemolytic diseases, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenic purpura, immune
suppression cytotoxic antibodies in vitro.
4. Immune complex reactions: arthus reaction, serum sickness, evaluation of circulating immune complexes.
5. Connective tissue diseases: Arteritis, SLE, Dermatomyosis, Rheumatic fever, Rhematoid arthritis, Progressive
systemic sclerosis.
6. Atopic anaphyllactic reactions: reaginic antibody, anaphylaxis, atopic allery – factors involved, asthma, hay
fever, food allergy, insect allergy, atopic eczma, delayed hypersensitivity reactions, contact dematitis, viral
infections, graft rejection.
7. Autoallergic diseases: encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, orchitis, thyroiditis, sjogren’s syndrome.
8. Granulomatous reactions: Infectious diseases like Tuberculosis, Leprosy.
9. Immunomodulators
10. Autoimmune diseases
11. Immunology of AIDS.

18
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
Course Code: M010703T
Theory- Min. Hrs -:80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To provide supportive clinical care and uses of relative investigations.
 To identify the indictors of basic procedures and perform them in appropriate manner.

THEORY
(A) General Microbiology
 Classification of microorganism –Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
 Microscope – Light/Dark field microscope/ phase contrast /fluorescence/Electron
 Staining Methods: Sample, Stain, Negative staining, Gram's Stain, principle, Modification of
Gram's Staining. Acid fast stain, Modifications, Interpretation, About Stain.
 Morphology of Bacteria – Shape, Cell wall, Gram positive cell wall, Gram negative cell wall,
Cell membrane. Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Appendages – Capsule, Flagella, Fimbriae/pilli.
 Bacterial spore
 Bacterial growth and nutrition- Growth requirement, sources, environmental factors affecting
growth.
 Bacterial count
 Bacterial growth curve, Lag phage, log phase, stationary factors, affecting growth of bacteria
– oxygen carbon dioxide, temperature, pH, Light, Osmotic effect.

(B) Sterilization and disinfection: Physical agents – drying heat, dry heat, flaming, incineration,
moist heat, filtration, radiation, ionizing radiation, non-ionizing radiation.
Chemical agents of sterilization – Alcohol, Aldehydes. Phenols, halogens, Iodine, Chlorine, Oxidizing,
agents, heavy metals, surface active agents. Cationic, Anionic. Dyes – Aniline, Phenol, Coefficient
(Rideal Walker Test).

(C) Culture media and Methods

Constituents of culture media, meat extract, yeast extract. Agar types of culture Media-Liquids Semi
solid, solid, Peptone water, nutrient, broth, nutrient, Agar basal media, Enriched media, Blood Agar,
Chocolate Agar Loffler's serum slop, Blood Culture Media.
Enrichment broth selective media, transport media, differential media, Mackonkey Agar, CLED Agar,
Anaerobic culture method.
Culture Method : Streak culture, Lawn or carpet culture, Stroke culture, Stab culture, liquid culture,
pour plate culture.
Anaerobic culture methods : Anoxomat, McIntosh & fild's Anaerobic Jar, Gaspak system

D) General Principles in Microbiology

1. Collection and handling of various samples.
2. Antimicrobial sensitivity and assay.
3. Lab animals handling and care
4. Laboratory Safety

19
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Course Code: M010704T

Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 Understand the basic principles of research and methods applied to draw inferences from the
research findings.
 To be made aware of the need of biostatistics and understanding of data and sampling methods
in pathology lab.

THEORY
Research Methodology
1. Research in Medical Laboratory Technology
 Introduction
 Research for Laboratory Technician: Why? How? And When?
 Research – Definition, concept, purpose, approaches
 Internet sites for Physiotherapist

2. Research Fundamentals
 Define measurement
 Measurement framework
 Scales of measurement
 Pilot Study
 Types of variables
 Reliability & Validity
 Drawing Tables, graphs, master chart etc

3. Writing a Research Proposal, Critiquing a research article

 Defining a problem
 Review of Literature
 Formulating a question, Operational Definition
 Inclusion & Exclusion criteria
 Forming groups
 Data collection & analysis
 Results, Interpretation, conclusion, discussion
 Informed Consent
 Limitations

4. Research Design
 Principle of Designing
 Design, instrumentation & analysis for qualitative research
 Design, instrumentation & analysis for quantitative research
 Design, instrumentation & analysis for quasi-experimental research
 Design models utilized in Physiotherapy

5. Research Ethics
 Importance of Ethics in Research
 Main ethical issues in human subjects’ research
 Main ethical principles that govern research with human subjects
 Components of an ethically valid informed consent for research

20
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization

MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Code: M010705P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To provide brief knowledge of biochemical metabolites.
 To impart knowledge about methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of
biomolecules.

PRACTICAL
1- Identification of Carbohydrates (qualitative tests).
3- Identification of Proteins (qualitative tests).
4- To study general properties of the enzyme (Urease) & Achromatic time of Salivary amylase.
5- Urine analysis –abnormal constituents of urine.
6- Biochemical examination of CSF.
7- Estimation of blood sugar by Folin wu method & Glucose Oxidase Method
8- Estimation of blood urea.
9- Estimation of blood uric acid.
10- Estimation of serum creatinine
11- Estimation of total serum protein
12- Estimation of Cholesterol/HDL/LDL Cholesterol by enzymatic method.
13- Estimation of Serum Triglyceride
14- Estimation of Serum Bilirubin- total & direct
15- Estimation of Alkaline & Acid Phosphatase
16- Estimation of SGOT, SGPT, GGTP
17- Estimation of serum – total protein
18- Estimation of serum Globulin
19- Estimation of serum – Albumin
20- Estimation of Serum Amylase
21- Estimation of common parameters in urine through use of strips.

21
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY & IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
Course Code: M010706P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To provide complete knowledge of collection, transportation and processing of various clinical
pathology specimens.
 To provide complete knowledge of investigative & diagnostic procedure involved in clinical
pathology.
 To provide brief knowledge of immunohematological diseases.

PRACTICAL
A. Clinical Pathology
1. Urine examination - microscopic.
Urine Test for haemosiderin pigment.
2. Stool examination –
i. Macroscopic examination
ii. Concentration method, Flotation method.
iii. Microscopic examination
iv. Benzidine Test- for occult blood
3. Sputum examination - Macroscopic, Microscopic and AFB Staining
4. Examination of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and body fluids.
5. Pregnancy Test
6. Examination of Semen-Microscopic.

B. Immunopathology
1. Serological tests (Screening &diagnostic) used in different pathological conditions.
2. Delayed type hypersensitivity testing.
3. Histocompatibility testing
4. Coomb’s test – Direct & Indirect
5. Setting up of Immuno histochemistry lab.
6. Other tests

22
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization
GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
Course Code: M010707P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To provide supportive clinical care and uses of relative investigations.
 To identify the indictors of basic procedures and perform them in appropriate manner.

PRACTICAL
 Culture medias preparation and composition -Nutrient Agar, Mackonkey, Cled, Sabaurauds
etc.
 Gram's staining of different specimens like pus, sputum, urine, CSF, endometrial tissue,
pleural fluid
 AFB staining of different specimens like sputum, pus, pleural fluid, endometrial tissue.
 Antibiotic sensitivity testing
 Identification of various bacteria on various culture medias.

23
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-I for all Specialization

DISSERTATION

Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.

 Every candidate pursing M.Sc.-MLT degree course is required to carry out research
work on a selected research project under the guidance of a recognized postgraduate
teacher. The results of such a work shall be submitted in the form of dissertation. Topic
for dissertation shall be assigned by the guide.

 If the subject of thesis requires collaboration with other departments or specialties, the
collaborative portion of the work will be supervised by Co-Guide, designated by the
School of Health Sciences in consultation with the Guide. Where a Co-Guide is
involved, the thesis will be certified jointly by the Guide & Co-guide.

 The students will select various topics concerned with day to day recent trends in
medicine and pathological investigations & their various outcomes.

 Before selection of the topic the student must go through various medicinal journals
and study them elaborately to understand the recent trends and scientific research.

 A minimum of atleast 5 topics must be scrolled by each students and out of this the
most appropriate topic may be selected for his further synopsis preparation with the
consent of guide.

 After selection of topic the student has to discuss the various aspects of the selected
topic with his guide and strategically plan how he will proceed in his research work.

 Importance should be given to legitimate data collection and handling, sample size and
the recent trends in the field of Medical Lab Technology.

24
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization
MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT
Course Code: M010801T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To be made aware of basic ethics, good lab practices including awareness/safety in a clinical
laboratory.
 To understand sample accountability, quality management system, biomedical waste
management.
 To know calibration and validation of clinical laboratory instruments, laboratory information
system (LIS), Hospital information system (HIS) and financial management.

THEORY
1. Preparation of operating budgets
General aspects of financial management of laboratories
2. Cost-analysis (tests and instruments); justification of providing new services or rejecting existing
ones; lease and purchase decision analysis; delegation of budget responsibilities, work load statistics.
3. Laboratory design
Designing laboratories for different types and sizes of institutions: selection of equipment and systems
for the laboratory, concepts of workstation consolidation, workflow analysis, concepts in laboratory
automation (sample transportation systems, modular systems, robotics).
4. Laboratory safety
Fire, chemical, radiation and infection control
(Body substance precautions), hazardous waste and transport of hazardous materials.
5. Training of technical staff
Familiarity is needed with the syllabi of various training programs; knowledge of the teaching
requirements and level of knowledge technical staff; understanding of qualifications of technologists
trained in other countries.
6. Maintenance of records
Procedure manuals, ward manuals, quality control programs, patient data retrieval.
7. Personnel management
Personnel policy manual; job descriptions; labor, supervision relations; conducting job interviews;
motivation, recognizing job distress syndrome; delegation to a laboratory manager.
8. Hospital organization
Interactions between the laboratory service and the rest of the hospital.
9. Professional ethics.
10. Quality assurance;
Total quality management; development and monitoring of performance indicators.
11. Public relations:
hospital and community.
12. Basic clinical epidemiology
13. Laboratory Data Processing
14. General principles of methods for reduction of data into forms suitable for electronic data handling
systems (computerized accessioning functions, sample identification and tracking (e.g. bar code
systems), result reporting, storage and retrieval, electronic data transfer).
15. Use of computers in quality control and management
Use of computers for calculating analytical results (eg. non-linear functions).
16. General aspects of system design
Central vs. stand-alone systems, host computers and equipment interfaces.
17. Laboratory information systems (LIS), Hospital information systems (HIS).
18. Personal computer use
Word processing, spreadsheets, data-base, graphics, statistics, presentations, email, internet. Security
of data storage and transmission.
19. Data base structures and data mining.
20. Appropriate access control to patient information.

25
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization
BLOOD GROUPING & IMMUNOLOGY
Course Code: M010802T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 This syllabus provide knowledge about Blood grouping and cross matching.
 Students will be able to perform blood group testing and cross matching.
 To make aware of basic aspects of immunity, antigens, antibodies.
 To make use of immunological diagnosis in patient disease finding.

THEORY
BLOOD GROUPING
Introduction, Human Blood Group system, ABO Subgroups, Red Cell Antigen, Natural Antibodies, Rh
System, Rh Antigens & Rh Antibodies, Hemolytic Disease of Newborn & Prevention, Principal of Blood
grouping, antigen-antibody reaction, Agglutination, Haemagglutination, Condition required for antigen
antibody reaction, Blood grouping techniques, Cell grouping, Serum grouping, Methods for ABO
grouping. Slide & Tube Method, Cell grouping, Serum grouping, Rh grouping by slide & tube method,
Difficulties in ABO grouping, Rouleaux formation, how it interferes with Blood grouping, Auto agglutinins,
Antiserum used in ABO test procedures, Anti –A, Anti-B Anti- AB Antiserum, Inheritance of the Blood
groups, Control, A&B Cells preparation, Auto control, Medical applications of Blood groups.

CROSS MATCHING
Purpose
Major and Minor cross matching
Different types of Major & Minor tests
Difficulties in cross matching
Immunity-Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity and Miscellaneous Immunity-Concepts of
specificity and memory, Basic properties of innate immune cells, Basic properties of adaptive immune
cells.
Physiochemical properties of innate immunity-Physiological barriers, Anatomical barriers,
Phagocytic/endocytic barriers, Inflammatory barriers, Immune Response -Humoral & Cell mediated.

Antigens and Immunogens - Complete antigens, Heptane, Factors affecting antigens, Classes of
antigens, Immunoglobulins (Igs), Types of Immunoglobulins, Properties of Immunoglobulins,
Abnormal Immunoglobulins, Monoclonal antibodies

Antigen/Antibody reactions-Precipitation, Agglutination, Compliment fixation test, Neutralization

test, Immunofluorescence, Radioimmuno assay, ELISA, Rapid tests, Chemiluminisence linked
Immunoassay, Immuno electron microscopy, Immunoblotting, Applications of antigens/antibody
reactions.
Compliment system pathway
Immunological mechanism in health system - Lymphoid system, MHC Complex

26
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization

BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES
Course Code: M010803T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To make aware of different biomedical techniques and their uses.

THEORY
1. Methods of qualitative analysis of biomolecules:
Principles, experimental procedures and application of chromatography – paper, thin-layer, ion
exchange, affinity, gel filtration, gas-liquid and HPLC. Principles, procedures and application of
Electrophoresis – paper, polyacrylamide gel, agarose gel, capillary and cellulose acetate.

2. Quantitative methods:
Principles and applications of Photometry, Spectrophotometry, flurometry, ion selective procedures,
flame photometry, atomic absorption spectrometry. Ion selective electrodes and their applications in
Medicine.

3. Centrifugation Techniques –
Principle and technique of preparative and analytical centrifugation, differential centrifugation,
density gradient centrifugation, ultra-centrifuge and its application.

4. Radio Isotopes:
Detection and measurement of radioactive isotopes, application of isotopes in research and clinical
bio-cemsitry, Radioactive emissions, radiation-matter interaction, radiation dose.

5. Cell Fractionation, Biochemical activities of different fractions, marker enzymes.

6. Bioenergetics and Biological oxidation:

Concept of free energy change, high energy compounds, ATP generation, redox Potential
Assessment, Electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, inhibitors, Uncouplers,
ionophores.

7. Purification of enzymes from cells, characterization and Internal Assessment of purity, purification
of proteins.

27
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization
BIOSTATISTICS
Course Code: M010804T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To know the basic knowledge of Biostatistics and their use in data analysis.
 To evaluate patient data

THEORY
1. Biostatistics
 Introduction
 Definition
 Types
 Application in Physiotherapy
2. Data
 Definition
 Types
 Presentation
 Collection methods
3. Measures of central value
 Arithmetic mean, median, mode. Relationship between them
 Partitioned values- Quatertiles, Deciles, Percentiles
 Graphical determination
4. Measures of Dispersion
 Range
 Mean Deviation
 Standard Deviation
5. Normal Distribution Curve
 Properties of normal distribution
 Standard normal distribution
 Transformation of normal random variables.
 Inverse transformation
 Normal approximation of Bioaxial distribution.
6. Correlation analysis
 Bivariate distribution:
 Scatter Diagram
 Coefficient of correlation
 Calculation & interpretation of correlational coefficient
 T-test, Z-test, P-value
7. Regression analysis
 Lines of regression
 Calculation of Regression coefficient
 Sampling distribution
 Standard error
 Types I & II error
9. Probability (in Brief)
10. Hypothesis Testing
 Null Hypothesis
 Alternative hypothesis
 Acceptance & rejection of null Hypothesis
 Level of significance
11. Parametric & non parametric tests
 Chi square test
 Mann-Whitney U test
 Wilcoxon Signed test
 Kruskal-Wallis test
 Friednam test
 T-test/student T test
 Analysis of variance

28
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization
MEDICAL LABORATORY MANAGEMENT
Course Code: M010805P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To be made aware of basic ethics, good lab practices including awareness/safety in a clinical
laboratory.
 To understand sample accountability, quality management system, biomedical waste
management.
 To know calibration and validation of clinical laboratory instruments, laboratory information
system (LIS), Hospital information system (HIS) and financial management.

PRACTICAL
 Sample accountability-
o Labeling of sample
o Making entries in Laboratory records
 Reporting results-
o Basic format of a test report
o Release of examination results
o Alteration in reports
 Calibration and Validation of Clinical Laboratory instruments
 Ethics in medical laboratory practice in relation to the following:
- Pre-Examination procedures
- Examination procedures
 -Reporting of results
- Preserving medical records
 Access to medical laboratory records 8. Audit in a Medical Laboratory –
Documentation

29
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization
BLOOD GROUPING & IMMUNOLOGY
Course Code: M010806P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 This syllabus provide knowledge about Blood grouping and cross matching.
 Students will be able to perform blood group testing and cross matching.
 To make aware of basic aspects of immunity, antigens, antibodies.
 To make use of immunological diagnosis in patient disease finding.

PRACTICAL
1. Blood grouping.
2. Rh grouping & Rh typing (slide & tube method)
 Du Testing
 Rh – antibody titration
3. Compatibility Testing
 Selection of blood
 Crossmatching Technique – Major, Minor, Saline, Albumin, Coomb’s, Emergency and Special
conditions.
4. Rapid plasma Reagin Tests
5. Rheumatoid arthritis factors
6. C reactive protein test
7. ELISA
8. Antistreptolysin-O

30
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization

BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES
Course Code: M010807P
Practical- 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To make aware of different biomedical techniques and their uses.

PRACTICAL
1. Chromatography: paper, thin layer, gel, ion-exchange, demonstration of HPLC and GLC
2. Photometry, spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry
3. Electrophoresis: slide gel, PAGE, Agarose gel, Native, SDS PAGE of Blood Sample. (Demo only)
4. Cell fractionation – methods
5. Estimation of Inorganic phosphorous
6. Estimation of Serum Calcium
7. Estimation of LDH
8. Estimation of CK Nac
9. Estimation of CK MB
10. Estimation of Sodium
11. Estimation of Potassium
12. Estimation of Phosphorus
13. Estimation of TIBC
14. Estimation of Hemoglobin
15. Other tests

31
 M.Sc.-MLT –Semester-II for all Specialization
DISSERTATION
Course Code: M010808R
Min. Hrs -: 120 Hrs.

 Every candidate shall submit synopsis to the University in the prescribed Performa containing
particulars of proposed dissertation work, within 6 months from the date of commencement of the
course on or before the dates notified by the university.
 The synopsis shall be sent through the proper channel. Such synopsis will be reviewed and the
university will register the dissertation topic.

Students will prepare their synopsis for dissertation in consultation with their guides.

Performa for synopsis:

1. Introduction
2. Aims and Objectives
3. Review of Literature
4. Methodology or Material and Methods
5. References
Note:

1. The copies of synopsis must be in bound properly.

2. The candidate have to submit 4 copies of synopsis.
3. Colour scheme for synopsis will be white.
4. Text writing
Paper to be used – A4 size (Bond Paper)
Printing – One side
Font - Title – 18 Pt. Bold
Heading – 16 Pt. Bold.
Sub Heading – 14 Pt. Bold
Running text (English) -12 Pt. – Times New Roman
Running Text (Hindi) 14 Pt. (CG12, Krutidev 10)
Spacing : Double
Margin : Left – 4 Cm, Top, Bottom, Right – 2.5 Cm.
Page Numbering– Properly numbered

5. Writing Reference

Should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text (not
in alphabetic order). Identify references in text, tables and legends by Arabic numerals in
superscript. References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in
accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular
table or figure.

Journal Articles
Shashi A, Jain SK and Pandey M: In-vitro evaluation of antilthiatic activity of seeds
of Dolichos biflorus and roots of Asparagus racemosus . International Journal of Plant
Sciences 2008; 1:67-71.

A Book
Kalia AN: A Text Book of Industrial Pharmacognosy. CBS Publishers & Distributors, First
Edition 2005.

A Chapter in a Book
Nadkarni KM: Indian Materia Medica. Popular Prakashan, Mumbai, Edition 3, Vol. I, 2000:
242-246.

32
 M.Sc.-MLT (CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY)

Semester-III
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Code: M01C0901T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 The students will get knowledge about Vitamins, minerals and various investigations.

THEORY

1. Glycated Hemoglobin
-Introduction, Importance
Test for HBA1c Estimation

2-Clinical features and laboratory findings in disorders of the plasma proteins; acute phase proteins.
Causes of hypoalbuminemia; hypo- and hyperglobulinemias.

3. Lipid profile, Separation of lipoproteins

4. NUCLEIC ACIDS
 Nucleotides and their bases, DNA, RNA, High energy compounds.
 Major roles of purines and pyrimidines, synthesis of pyrimidines, pyrimidine salvage,
catabolism of pyrimidines, synthesis of purines, purine salvage, catabolism of purines, Gout.

5. VITAMINS
 Fat- & water-soluble vitamins, sources, requirement, deficiency disorders & biochemical
functions.

6. ENERGY METABOLISM AND NUTRITION

 Food calories, RQ, BMR, RDA, SDA, calorie requirements, proteins in nutrition, fats in nutrition,
carbohydrates in nutrition, fibers in nutrition, protein –energy malnutrition, starvation, diet for
normal adults, pregnant women, children, etc.

7. MINERAL METABOLISM AND ITS DISORDERS.

 Macronutrients (Principal mineral elements), Micronutrients-Sodium and potassium, chlorine,
calcium and phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur metabolism, Iron, copper, Zinc, Manganese,
Molybdenum, Cobalt, Selenium, Iodine, Fluorine, chromium, Water Balance.

33
 M.Sc.-MLT (CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY)
Semester-III
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Course Code: M01C0902T
Theory- Min. Hrs.: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To correlate hormones with clinical disorders.
 To provide complete information regarding diagnostics procedures related to hormone testing.

THEORY
ENDOCRINOLOGY
1. Introduction
2. Difference between hormones and enzymes.
3. Classification of hormones.
4. Neurotransmitter families
5. Hormones receptors
6. Regular and general mechanism of hormone, Signal transductions.
7. Regulation and general mechanism of action of hormones.
8. Pituitary gland & hypothalamus and its hormones.
9. Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary- Growth hormone, Prolactin, Gonadotropin, Follicle
Stimulating hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
10. Hormones of posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)- Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
11. Hormones of the Thyroid gland- chemistry and normal physiology, Thyroid disorders-goiter,
myxedema, autoimmune thyroiditis, tumors of the thyroid gland, hyperthyroidism, Graves
disease, Calcitonin, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
12. Adrenocortical hormones-synthesis and secretion, Aldosterone & its function, Addison’s
disease, Glucocorticoids & functions, Mineralocorticoids & functions, Cortisol & functions,
Cushing's syndrome, Conn's syndrome.
13. Adrenal medulla-metabolism of catecholamines
14. Hormones of the gonads -
Testosterone, Estrogens, Progesterone, their synthesis and functions.
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), hormone, menstrual cycle, Menopause
15. Gastrointestinal hormones.
16. Hormone of pancreas - Insulin- its metabolic effects on carbohydrates, fats & protein, control
of insulin secretion, Insulin like growth factor, Glucagon- functions, metabolic effects, blood
glucose regulation, Diabetes Mellitus, Somatostatin.
17. Hormone of kidney - Renin

ASSESSMENT OF THYROID FUNCTION

 The structure, biosynthesis, secretion, and metabolism of thyroid hormones (thyroxine (T 4),
triiodothyronine(T3), and reverse T3 (rT3). Thyroid physiology and control of thyroid function
(thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyrotropin (TSH).
 The common causes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
 The laboratory tests for evaluation of thyroid disorders and be able to interpret these analytes in
their clinical context with an appreciation for the euthyroid sick state.
 Current analytical methodologies for thyroid testing (TSH methods : 1 st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-generation
assays; isotopic and non-isotopic methods; T4; free T3 methods; T-uptake methods; TSH
suppression and stimulation tests).

34
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Clinical Biochemistry)
Semester-III
TUMOR & CANCER MARKERS
Course Code: M01C0903T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To provide knowledge about Tumor & cancer markers.

THEORY
1. Introduction
2. The Carcinogens-definition.
3. Oncogene-definition-
Mechanism of action of Oncogenes (outline).
4. Characteristics of growing tumor cells-general and morphological changes, biochemical
changes.
5. Tumor Markers-
Definition, Classification, Biochemistry and distribution of tumor markers both protein and
carbohydrate.
6. Clinical applications of tumor markers.
7. Enzymes as tumor markers, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Creatine kinase (CK), Lactate
dehydrogenase (LDH), Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), Prostate specific antigens (PSA).
8. Hormones as tumor markers (introduction of each type).
9. Oncofetal antigens.
10. Alpha feto protein (AFP)
11. Carcino embryonic antigen (CEA)
12. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen.
13. Carbohydrate markers (introduction of each type)
CA 15-3, CA 125
14. Blood group antigen (introduction of each type)
CA 19-9, CA 50, CA 72-4, CA 242
15. Bladder cancer markers (introduction) -
Bladder tumor antigen (BTA)
16. Fibrin- Fibrinogen degradation product (FDP).
17. Nuclear matrix protein (NMP22).
18. Biomarkers still in research (introduction)-
Telomeres, TRAP assay, hyaluronic acid and Hyaluronidase
19. Limitations of laboratory assessment various tumor markers and the factors affecting the
results of different analytical procedure.
20. The conceptual basis of assays used to screen for malignancy include Bayes theorem.
21. Recent developments in identifying proteomic patterns for cancer detection.
22. Free radicals and Antioxidants

35
 M.Sc.-MLT (CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY)

Semester-III
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Code: M01C0904P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 The students will get knowledge about Vitamins, minerals and various investigations.

PRACTICAL
 Estimation of blood urea.
 Estimation of blood uric acid.
 Estimation of serum creatinine.
 Estimation of total serum protein.
 Estimation of Inorganic phosphorous.
 Estimation of Cholesterol/HDL/LDL Cholesterol.
 Estimation of Serum Triglyceride
 Estimation of Serum Calcium
 Other tests

36
 M.Sc.-MLT (CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY)
Semester-III
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Course Code: M01C0905P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To correlate hormones with clinical disorders.
 To provide complete information regarding diagnostics procedures related to hormone testing.

PRACTICAL
 Estimation of T3
 Estimation of T4
 Estimation of TSH
 Estimation of FSH
 Estimation of LH
 Estimation of hCG
 Estimation of Cortisol
 Estimation of Progesterone
 Estimation of Testosterone
 Other tests

37
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Clinical Biochemistry)
Semester-III
TUMOR & CANCER MARKERS
Course Code: M01C0906P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To provide knowledge about Tumor & cancer markers.

PRACTICAL
 Estimation of Alpha feto proteins (AFP)
 Estimation of Carcino embryonic antigen (CEA)
 Estimation of CA- 125
 Estimation of Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
 Estimation of CA-153
 Other tests

38
 M.Sc.-MLT (CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY)

Semester-III

DISSERTATION

Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.

 Students will continue research work as per the synopsis.

 Data should be collected as per the ethical norms and the sample size.
 Day to day discussions and presentation of the collected data before the guide
needs to be done periodically.
 After discussion the concerned changes may be made in the research work to
improve its quality.
 Care should be taken to avoid plagiarism and the research work should be
genuine.

39
 M.Sc.-MLT (CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY)
Semester-III

TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS / SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB ETC.

Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.
(a) Teaching Skills

Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate students if any. This performance will
be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback from the
undergraduate students.

(b) Seminar
 Seminars /recent advance presentation will be held every week, however, its timings are
subject to clinical schedule. Topics must be well researched and must include common
knowledge, recent advances, analysis and references.
 PG students should present minimum of two seminars (One in general and one in elective area)
and Internal Assessment marks will depend on better topic selection and presentation.

(c) Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club):

The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual aids
are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the meeting.

(d) Work diary / Log Book

Every student shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training
programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special mention
may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical practice, if any
conducted by the candidate by the student.

40
 M.Sc.-MLT (CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY)
Semester-III
CLINICAL TRAINING/CAMPS

Min. Hrs -: 160 Hrs.

The students will get their clinical training in a Medical College OR 100 bedded hospital with
well-equipped Pathology/ Clinical Biochemistry/ Medical Microbiology Laboratory.

They will participate in various medical camps.

41
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Clinical Biochemistry)
Semester-IV
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Code: M01C1001T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objective
 To provide brief knowledge about applied clinical biochemistry.

THEORY
1- Inborn errors of Metabolism
Hereditary anemia, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein
metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism
2- Detoxification
Oxidation, Reduction, Hydrolysis, Conjugation
3- Toxicants in food
Naturally occurring toxicants, Fungal Contamination, Toxic effects of some metals and
chemicals
4- Cardiac Profile
Major manifestation of heart disease, Ischemic Heart disease, Angina pectoris, Myocardial
Infarction, Hypertension,
5- The chemistry of respiration-
Diffusion of gases in lungs, Transport of oxygen by the blood, Factors affecting dissociation of
oxyhemoglobin, cacarboxy hemoglobin, the transport of CO2 in the blood, buffer systems of
the blood, chloride shift, Acid-base balance, Hypoxia
6- Recombinant DNA Technology
Introduction, Biological Importance, Restriction enzymes, DNA Cloning, Polymerase chain
reaction, Prenatal Diagnosis, Practical application of Recombinant DNA Technology, Its use
in molecular analysis of disease. Restriction fragment Length Polymorphism(RFLP), Gene
therapy, Glossary, Clinical aspects
7- Biochemical & Genetic Basis of disease
Introduction, Biochemical standpoint, The major classes of genetic diseases, Pathologic
consequences of genetic diseases, Gene therapy
8- The Human Genome project
Principal methods adopted to identify & isolate normal and disease genes, Major finding
reported in the rough drafts of the human genome, Major classes of proteins encoded by
human genes, Implications for proteomics, biotechnology and bioinformatics, Implications for
medicine

42
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Clinical Biochemistry)
Semester-IV
AUTOMATION
Course Code: M01C1002T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objective
 To provide comprehensive knowledge of the automation in the laboratory.

THEORY

1. Automation - Introduction, meaning, advantages, history

2. Continuous flow analyzers
3. Single channel continuous flow analyzers-advantages, disadvantages
4. Multi-channel flow analyzers
5. Discrete auto analyzers - basic features, types, semi-automated, fully automated
6. Batch analyzers
7. Random access analyzers (RAA)
8. Component steps in fully automated analyzers
9. Auto analyzers based on immunoassay techniques, Micro particle enzyme immunoassay
(MEIA)
10. Various random-access analyzers - Hitachi- 704, BM/Hitachi - 717
11. Centrifugal analyzers, ASCA
12. Dry chemistry analyzers
13. Dimension RxL clinical chemistry system
14. The Heterogeneous Immunoassay module components
15. Beckman Array 360 system
16. Mini Vidas analyzers
17. Immulite automated immunoassay analyzers
18. Latest trends in Automation, Biochips, Lab on a chip (LoC), Nano sensors- advantages and
disadvantages, PCR & its applications.

43
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Clinical Biochemistry)
Semester-IV
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY
Course Code: M01C1003P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objective
 To provide brief knowledge about applied clinical biochemistry.

PRACTICAL

 Estimation of blood sugar

 Estimation of HbA1c
 Estimation of blood urea.
 Estimation of blood uric acid.
 Estimation of serum creatinine.
 Estimation of Blood Urea Nitrogen
 Estimation of Serum Bilirubin- total & direct
 Estimation of total serum protein.
 Estimation of serum – Albumin
 Estimation of serum – Globulin
 Estimation of Inorganic phosphorous.
 Estimation of Cholesterol/HDL/LDL Cholesterol.
 Estimation of Serum Triglyceride
 Estimation of Serum Calcium
 Estimation of Alkaline & Acid Phosphatase
 Estimation of SGOT, SGPT, GGTP
 Estimation of Serum Amylase
 Estimation of LDH
 Estimation of CK Nac
 Estimation of CK MB
 Estimation of Sodium
 Estimation of Potassium
 Estimation of Phosphorus
 Estimation of Iron Profile
 Estimation of Hemoglobin
 Estimation of Hexagon Troponin +
 Estimation of Magnesium
 Estimation of Vitamin D
 Estimation of B12
 Other tests

44
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Clinical Biochemistry)
Semester-IV
AUTOMATION
Course Code: M01C1004P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objective
 To provide comprehensive knowledge of the automation in the laboratory.

PRACTICAL

DIFFERENT TEST
1. Test for HIV
2. Test for Hepatitis B (HBsAg)
3. Test for Hepatitis (HCV)
4. Malaria antigen

All Clinical Biochemistry Practicals/Analysis done on fully Automated Analyzer, Minividas and ELISA
Reader etc.

45
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Clinical Biochemistry)
Semester-IV
DISSERTATION
Course Code: M01C1005R
Min. hours- 120 hrs.

 No change in the dissertation topic or guide shall be made without prior approval of the institute.
 Guide will be only a facilitator, advisor of the concept and hold responsible in correctly directing the
candidate in the methodology and not responsible for the outcome and results.
 The dissertation should be written under the following headings.
1. Introduction
2. Aims or objectives of study
3. Review of literature
4. Material and methods
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
8. References
9. Master and Chart & Table (If Applicable)
10. Annexure (If Applicable)

The written text of dissertation/ research project shall not be less than 50 pages and shall not exceed
120 pages excluding references, tables, questionnaires and other annexure. It should be neatly typed
in double line spacing on one side of bond paper (A4 size, 8.27" x 11.69") and bound properly. Spiral
binding should be avoided. A declaration by the candidate for having done the work himself should also
be included, and the guide, head of the department and Director/Coordinator of the institute shall certify
the dissertation/ research project.
Every candidate is required to give power point presentation before final submission of dissertation.
Four copies of Dissertation/research project shall be submitted to the university, through proper
channel, along with a soft copy (CD), 2 months before the final examination. It shall be assessed by
two examiners appointed by the university, one internal and one external. There will be a power point
open presentation of the submitted dissertation as per the schedule given by the university. This
presentation shall be jointly evaluated by external and internal examiner as per the criteria given below:
Objective(s) of the work done, Methodology adopted, Result and Discussion, Conclusion & outcome.
If the student failed to secure the minimum passing marks he will resubmit the dissertation 01 month
before the supplementary exam.

46
 M.Sc.-MLT, Semester-IV

TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS / SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB ETC.

Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

(a) Teaching Skills

Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate students if any. This performance

will be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback
from the undergraduate students.

(b) Seminar
 Seminars /recent advance presentation will be held every week, however, its timings are
subject to clinical schedule. Topics must be well researched and must include common
knowledge, recent advances, analysis and references.
 PG students should present minimum of two seminars (One in general and one in elective
area) and Internal Assessment marks will depend on better topic selection and
presentation.

(c) Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club):

The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual
aids are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the
meeting.

(d) Work diary / Log Book

Every student shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training
programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special
mention may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical
practice, if any conducted by the candidate by the student.

47
 M.Sc.-MLT, Semester-IV
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING

Min. Hrs -: 160 Hrs.

Clinical Lab Practices
Post graduate students must do:
 Sample collection, storages & analysis of every sample given to them for various
parameters.
 They should know proper laboratory management.
 They should work on every instrument according to their specialization.
 Maintenance and care of the instrument of the laboratory.
 They will do hospital/laboratory/blood bank postings for training & skill development.

OR

Clinical Training

The students will get their clinical training in a medical college OR 100 bedded hospital with
well-equipped Pathology/ Clinical Biochemistry/ Medical Microbiology Laboratory for at least
one month.

48
 M.Sc.-MLT (Clinical Biochemistry)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Strayer H. Gerjmetal-W.H. Freeman and company New York.

2. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry – Lehnineger. A.L., Nelson. D.L., Eral-C.B.S.
Publishers and distributors, New Delhi.
3. Harper Illustrated Biochemistry – Murray R.K. Grannar, D.K. Mayes-P.A. Eral, McGrawHill.
4. Medical Biochemistry – N.V. Bhagavan -Academic Press.
5. Text Book of Biochemistry – A.S. Saini, C.B.S Publishers and distributors.
6. Teitz fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry – Burtis. C.A. Ashoowd E. R. – Har Court (India) Ltd.
7. Varley’s Practical Clinical Biochemistry – Gowenlock and Bell William Heinemann.
8. Text Book of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations – Devlin T.M. Wiley Liss, New York.
9. Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base balance and Electrolyte disorders – Rose. B.D – Mcgraw-Hill
International edition New York.
10. Methods in Bio-Statistics for Medical students – Mahajan. B.K. Jaypee brothers Medical
Publishers, New Delhi.
11. Manual of Practical Biochemistry for M.B.B.S –S.K. Gupta, Veena Singh Ghalaut- Arya
publishing Company, New Delhi.
12. Clinical Chemistry – Theory analysis and Correlation – Kalpan. L.A. and pesse. A.G- C.V.
Moslay and Company St. Louis, M.O.
13. Principles of Biochemistry – CBS Publishers – Lehninger, Nelson, Cox.

49
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-III
SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
Course Code: M01M0901T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To understand different types of bacterial culture procedure.
 To understand the staining procedure and various test to identify the bacteria.
 To understand the morphology, cultural characteristics and lab diagnosis of various bacteria.

THEORY

Gram-positive cocci :- Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus,

Gram-negative cocci:- Neisseria Gonorrhea and Neisseria Meningitidis
Gram-positive bacilli:- Cornybacterium diphtheria, Clostridium Tetanae Clostridium Bottalenum,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Leprae, Bacillus
Gram-negative bacilli:- Enterobacteriaceae- E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Helicobacter.
Pylori, Shigella
Miscellaneous Bacteria:- Spirocheates, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia

50
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-III
VIROLOGY
Course Code: M01M0902T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To understand the basics of various viruses.
 Various diseases caused by viruses, general characteristics and lab diagnosis of various
medically important viruses.
 To understand the introduction general characteristics and lab diagnosis of various
medically important viruses.

THEORY
 Parvoviruses : Morphology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations,
Erythema infectiosum, Lab Diagnosis, Molecular Method, Antibody Detection.
 Adenoviruses - Morphology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations,
Respiratory Diseases, Pneumonia, Occular infections, Infantile gastroenteritis, Lab
Diagnosis, Specimen collection, Virus isolation, General preventive measures
 Herpes viruses – General properties, morphology, classification, herpes simplex virus,
pathogenesis, primary infection, latent infection, recurrent infection, clinical manifestations,
oral facial, nervous, cutaneous, ocular, genital, visceral, neonatal herpes, lab diagnosis,
cytopathology, virus isolation, antibody detection.
 Pox viruses- Morphology, classification, small pox, differences between small pox and
chicken pox, molluscum contagiosum virus-clinical manifestation, transmission, lab
diagnosis.
 Orthomyxo viruses – Influenza viruses- Morphology, Antigenic variation, Antigenic shift
and antigenic drift, pathogenesis, Transmission-target cell entry, spread, local damage,
clinical manifestations, incubation period, flu syndrome- complications, lab diagnosis,
specimens, collection, isolation of viruses, detection of virus, direct immunofluorescence
test, molecular method, antibody detection.
 Mumps viruses-Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, incubation period in apparent
infection, bilateral parotitis, aseptic meningitis, oophoritis, lab diagnosis, specimens, direct
viral antigen, detection, viral isolation, serum antibody detection
 Measles viruses – Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, incubation period, prodromal
stage, eruptive, post measles, complications, secondary bacterial infections, central
nervous system complications, lab diagnosis, specimens, antigen detection, virus isolation,
antibody detection, reverse transcriptase, PCR.
 Picorna viruses- Classification, Morphology, enteroviruses, Polio virus, antigenic types,
pathogenesis, transmission, clinical manifestations, risk factors, lab diagnosis, virus
isolation, antibody detection, vaccines, injectiable polio vaccine, IPV salk vaccine,
advantages, disadvantages, oral polio vaccine (OPV), sabin vaccine, advantages,
disadvantages.
 Miscellaneous RNA viruses – Corona viruses- morphology, classification, human corona
viruses, transmission, lab diagnosis, antigen detection, RNA detection, isolation, serum
antibody detection, treatment & prevention.
 Hepatitis viruses- Hepatitis A, B, C, D & E- morphology, resistance, mode of transmission,
clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis.

51
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-III
MYCOLOGY
Course Code: M01M0903T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To understand the basics of various fungi.
 Various diseases caused by fungi
 To understand the introduction, general characteristics and lab diagnosis of various
medically important fungi.

THEORY
 Study of Fungi
Classification, morphological classification, yeast, yeast like fungus, molds, dimorphic fungi,
classification of fungal diseases, superficial mycosis, subcutaneous mycosis, systemic mycosis,
opportunistic mycosis
 Lab diagnosis of fungal diseases
Specimen collection, microscopy, KOH preparation, gram stain, India ink stain, calcofluor, white
stain, histopathological stain- PAS, GMS, mucicarmine, lactophenol cotton blue, culture, culture
media, sabouraud's dextrose agar, Corn meal agar and rice starch agar, brain heart infusion agar.
 Superficial mycosis
Tinea versicolor, clinical manifestation, lab diagnosis, direct microscopy culture, tinea nigra, piedra-
black piedra & white piedra.
 Dermatophytosis, Tinea Ring Worm
Pathogenesis, clinical types, lab diagnosis, specimen collection, direct examination, culture,
macroscopic and microscopic.
 Subcutaneous mycosis
Mycetoma – Types of mycetoma, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis, specimen
collection, direct examination, culture.
Sporotricosis – pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis, direct microscopy,
histopathological staining, culture,
Rhinosoporidiosis – Agent, source, distribution and diagnosis.
 Systemic Mycosis
Histoplasmosis–Causative agent, pathognenesis, clinical manifestations, pulmonary,
mucocutaneous, disseminated, lab diagnosis, specimen, direct microscopy, culture, serology.
Blastomycosis- Pathogensis, clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis.
Coccidioido mycosis – Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis.
 Opportunistic mycosis
Candidiasis- Pathogenesis, predisposing factor, clinical manifestation, mucosal, cutaneous,
invasive, allergic, lab diagnosis-direct microscopy, culture.
Cryptococosis- Pathogenesis, virulence factors, risk factors, clinical manifestations, pulmonary,
meningitis, lab diagnosis – direct detection methods, negative staining & Gram staining, culture.
Mucormycosis-Pathogenesis, predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis, staining,
culture, microscopic appearance.

52
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-III
SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
Course Code: M01M0904P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To understand different types of bacterial culture procedure.
 To understand the staining procedure and various test to identify the bacteria.
 To understand the morphology, cultural characteristics and lab diagnosis of various bacteria.

PRACTICAL

Isolation, characterization, and identification of pathogens from various clinical specimens.

1. Study of morphology, culture, and biochemical characteristics of common bacterial pathogens
2. Study of antibiotic sensitivity of common pathogens.
3. Leprae bacilli staining, modified AFB staining
4. Staining for mycobacterium tuberculosis, AFB staining
5. Antibiotic sensitivity testing
6. Sputum culture, Urine culture,
7. Pus culture
8. Colony characteristics of various bacteria on various media
9. Smear preparation from various clinical specimen and staining

53
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-III
VIROLOGY
Course Code: M01M0905P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To understand the basics of various viruses.
 Various diseases caused by viruses, general characteristics and lab diagnosis of various
medically important viruses.
 To understand the introduction general characteristics and lab diagnosis of various
medically important viruses.

PRACTICAL
 ELISA tests
 Lab diagnosis of viral infections
 Cultivation of viruses

54
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-III
MYCOLOGY
Course Code: M01M0906P
Practical- Min. Hrs -:80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To understand the basics of various fungi.
 Various diseases caused by fungi
 To understand the introduction, general characteristics and lab diagnosis of various
medically important fungi.
PRACTICAL
 Lab diagnosis of fungal infections.
 Various medias used for fungus.
 Identification of fungus from various specimens.

55
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)

Semester-III

DISSERTATION
Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.

 Students will continue research work as per the synopsis.

 Data should be collected as per the ethical norms and the sample size.
 Day to day discussions and presentation of the collected data before the guide
needs to be done periodically.
 After discussion the concerned changes may be made in the research work to
improve its quality.
 Care should be taken to avoid plagiarism and the research work should be
genuine.

56
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)

Semester-III

TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS / SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB ETC.

Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.
(e) Teaching Skills

Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate students if any. This performance will
be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback from the
undergraduate students.

(f) Seminar
 Seminars /recent advance presentation will be held every week, however, its timings are
subject to clinical schedule. Topics must be well researched and must include common
knowledge, recent advances, analysis and references.
 PG students should present minimum of two seminars (One in general and one in elective area)
and Internal Assessment marks will depend on better topic selection and presentation.

(g) Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club):

The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual aids
are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the meeting.

(h) Work diary / Log Book

Every student shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training
programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special mention
may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical practice, if any
conducted by the candidate by the student.

57
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-III
CLINICAL TRAINING/CAMPS

Min. Hrs -: 160 Hrs.

The students will get their clinical training in a medical college OR 100 bedded hospital with
well-equipped Pathology/ Clinical Biochemistry/ Medical Microbiology Laboratory.

They will participate in various medical camps.

58
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-IV
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
Course Code: M01M1001T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives

 To understand the various aspects of microbiology in causation of diseases.

 To understand the various hospital acquired infections.
 To understand the prevention of various diseases.

THEORY
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

 Urinary Tract Infections- Classification, epidemiology, Predisposing factors, prevalence, gender, age,
pregnancy, vesico ureteric reflux, genetic factor, causative agents, pathogenesis, ascending root
infection, descending root infection, host defence mechanism, clinical manifestation, asymptomatic
bacteuria, lower UTI, upper UTI, cystitis, acute urethral syndrome, pyelonephritis, lab diagnosis,
specimen collection, transport, culture and direct examination.
 Diarrheal diseases- Diarrhea, gastroentitis, dysentery, food poisoning, travelers diarrhea, etiological
agents, pathogenesis, toxin production, host factors, lab diagnosis by specimen collection, microscopy,
wet mount, hanging drop, grams staining, AFB staining, electro microscopy, bacterial culture, tissue
culture, antigen detection, molecular method, toxin detection.
 Meningitis -Definition, types of meningitis, causative agents, pathogenesis, roots of infections,
hematogenous, direct defect in CNS, predisposing factors, vaccination age, presence of CSF shunts,
clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis, specimen collection, CSF collection, CSF transport, biochemical
analysis and cell count of CSF, Bacterial meningitis, tubercular meningitis, viral meningitis, CSF
microscopy, gram's staining, ZN staining, India ink, antigen detection from CSF, bacteriological culture,
antibody detection.
 Fever of unknown origin – Definition, causes, lab diagnosis, specimen collection, microscopy, culture,
serological method, molecular tests.
 Respiratory tract infection- upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection,
pneumonia, clinical symptoms- Lobar pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, lab
diagnosis, specimen collection, culture, identification & serology.
 Hospital acquired infections – Definition, factors, immune status, hospital environment, hospital
organisms, transfusion, sources of infection, endogenous source, exogenous source, microorganisms
for hospital acquired infections, mode of transmission, types of hospital acquired infections, prevention
of hospital acquired infections, standards precautions, specific precautions, air born droplet contacts
precautions, hand hygiene, hand rub and hand wash, methods.

IMMUNOLOGY
 Antigen – Types, epitopes, factors affecting antigenicity, clinical significance, biological classes and
super antigens.
 Immunoglobulin – Properties, abnormal immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin classes, IgG, IgA, IgM,
IgD, IgE,
 Hypersensitivity reaction (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, Type 4) Anaphylactic, Cytotoxic, Immune
complex mediated, Delayed or cell- mediated.
 Antigen antibody reaction:- Precipitation, Agglutination, Complement fixation, Neutralization,
Immunoflurosence, Radioimmunoassay, ELISA
 Auto Immune Diseases.

59
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-IV
PARASITOLOGY
Course Code: M01M1002T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives
 To provide brief knowledge of parasites involved in human infections.
 To understand the life cycle and lab diagnosis of various medically important human
parasites.
 To understand the general characteristics of medically important parasites.

THEORY

Study of morphology, important developmental stages, symptoms, pathogenesis & diagnosis of

 Entamoeba histolytica  Taenia saginatta
 Entamoeba coli  Schistostoma Haemotobium
 Giardia  Fasciola hepatica
 Trichomonas  Ascaris
 Balantidium coli  Enterobius
 Malarial parasites  Ancylostoma,
 Plasmodium  Wuchereria bancrofti
 Taenia sollium

60
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-IV
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
Course Code: M01M1003P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives

 To understand the various aspects of microbiology in causation of diseases.

 To understand the various hospital acquired infections.
 To understand the prevention of various diseases.

PRACTICAL
1. Antistreptolysin -O test
2. VDRL Testing
3. CRP Testing
4. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

61
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-IV
PARASITOLOGY
Course Code: M01M1004P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To provide brief knowledge of parasites involved in human infections.
 To understand the life cycle and lab diagnosis of various medically important human
parasites.
 To understand the general characteristics of medically important parasites.

PRACTICAL

 Diagnostic tests for detection of parasitic infections- methods for demonstration of parasites in
clinical specimens
 Identification of different Ova and Cysts in stool.
 Stool examination

62
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Medical Microbiology & Immunology)
Semester-IV
DISSERTATION
Course Code: M01M1005R
Min. hours- 120 hrs.

 No change in the dissertation topic or guide shall be made without prior approval of the institute.
 Guide will be only a facilitator, advisor of the concept and hold responsible in correctly directing the
candidate in the methodology and not responsible for the outcome and results.
 The dissertation should be written under the following headings.
1. Introduction
2. Aims or objectives of study
3. Review of literature
4. Material and methods
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
8. References
9. Master and Chart & Table (If Applicable)
10. Annexure (If Applicable)

The written text of dissertation/ research project shall not be less than 50 pages and shall not exceed
120 pages excluding references, tables, questionnaires and other annexure. It should be neatly typed
in double line spacing on one side of bond paper (A4 size, 8.27" x 11.69") and bound properly. Spiral
binding should be avoided. A declaration by the candidate for having done the work himself should also
be included, and the guide, head of the department and Director/Coordinator of the institute shall certify
the dissertation/ research project.
Every candidate is required to give power point presentation before final submission of dissertation.
Four copies of Dissertation/research project shall be submitted to the university, through proper
channel, along with a soft copy (CD), 2 months before the final examination. It shall be assessed by
two examiners appointed by the university, one internal and one external. There will be a power point
open presentation of the submitted dissertation as per the schedule given by the university. This
presentation shall be jointly evaluated by external and internal examiner as per the criteria given below:
Objective(s) of the work done, Methodology adopted, Result and Discussion, Conclusion & outcome.
If the student failed to secure the minimum passing marks he will resubmit the dissertation 01 month
before the supplementary exam.

63
 M.Sc.-MLT, Semester-IV
TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS / SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB ETC.
Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.

(e) Teaching Skills

Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate students if any. This performance

will be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback
from the undergraduate students.

(f) Seminar
 Seminars /recent advance presentation will be held every week, however, its timings are
subject to clinical schedule. Topics must be well researched and must include common
knowledge, recent advances, analysis and references.
 PG students should present minimum of two seminars (One in general and one in elective
area) and Internal Assessment marks will depend on better topic selection and
presentation.

(g) Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club):

The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual
aids are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the
meeting.

(h) Work diary / Log Book

Every student shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training
programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special
mention may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical
practice, if any conducted by the candidate by the student.

64
 M.Sc.-MLT, Semester-IV
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING

Min. Hrs -: 160 Hrs.

Clinical Lab Practices

Post graduate students must do:

 Sample collection, storages & analysis of every sample given to them for various
parameters.
 They should know proper laboratory management.
 They should work on every instrument according to their specialization.
 Maintenance and care of the instrument of the laboratory.
 They will do hospital/laboratory/blood bank postings for training & skill development.

OR

Clinical Training

The students will get their clinical training in a medical college OR 100 bedded hospital with
well-equipped Pathology/ Clinical Biochemistry/ Medical Microbiology Laboratory for at least
one month.

65
 M.Sc.-MLT (Medical Microbiology & Immunology)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Text book of Microbiology by Ananthnarayan, Orient Longman.

2. Diagnostic Microbiology by Bailey & Scott, Mosby.
Medical Microbiology by Greenwood & Slack; Churchill Livinstone.
3. The Short Textbook of Medical Microbiology by Satish Gupte; Jaypee.
4. Text book of Medical Parasitology by Panikar; Jaypee.
5. Colour Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology by Koneman, Williams Wilkins.
6. District Laboratory in Tropical Countries , Monica Cheesbrough, Cambridge.
7. Mackie & Maccarteney Practical Medical Microbiology; Churchill Livingstone.
8. Essential Immunology, Roitts & Delves 10th Edition; Blackwel Science.

66
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-III
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Course Code: M01P0901T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objectives
 To provide knowledge of histopathology and exfoliative cytology.
 To provide knowledge of procedures of tissue processing – fixing, microtomy, staining &
mounting.
 To provide knowledge of museum techniques – fixing of specimen, storage and mounting of
specimens.

THEORY

1. Introduction to Histopathology, exfoliative Cytology.

2. Basic steps for Tissue Processing- Fixing, Embedding, Microtomy, Staining, Mounting,
methods of decalcifications, assessment of decalcification, solution for decalcification.
3. Laboratory requirements for Histopathology & Cytology - Chemicals & Reagents
4. Equipments - Microscope, Microtome -Types, Uses, Parts, different types of microtome knives,
care & maintenance. Automated tissue processor - components, working & precautions during
use, Tissue floating bath.
5. Staining Methods -
a. Hematoxylin & Eosin stain, Hematoxylin - Types, methods of preparation, staining, Eosin
- Method of preparation.
b. Reticulin stain
c. PAP staining- components & methods.
6. Museum Techniques
a. The mounting of pathological specimens - Introduction., Preparation of specimen, Fixation
of specimen- Kaiserling solution-1 & Kaiserling solution-2
b. Precaution taken for the Fixation of Specimens.
c. Storage of Specimens.
d. Mounting of Museum Specimens.
e. Routine Mounting of Specimens.
f. Filling and Scaling.

67
 M.Sc.-MLT –Pathology
Semester-III
HAEMATOLOGY
Course Code: M01P0902T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objective
 To provide knowledge of Hematology and hematological disorders.

THEORY
1. General aspects:
Blood cell formation, Sites of hemopoiesis. Development of blood cells. Morphology and Regulation of
hemopoiesis.
2. Red cells
Basic aspects of anaemia, definition, patho physiology, classification and clinical features. Investigation of a
case of anaemia in general.
3. Microcytic hypochromic anaemias
Sideroblastic anemia
Anaemia of chronic infection
Thalassaemia.
Iron deiciency anaemia – Iron metabolism, causes of iron deficiency, clinical features, laboratory
investigations.
4. Macrocytic Anaemias
Megaloblastic
Non megaloblastic
Megaloblastic anaemia – Etiology, clinical features, laboratory investigation. Pernicious anaemia.
5. Normocytic normochronic anaemia
Anaemia in systemic disorders
Acute blood loss, Renal failure
Liver disorders etc.
6. Disorders of Haemoglobin
Structure of Hb and Synthesis
Normal and Abnormal haemoglobins
Hemoglobinopathies
7. Haemolytic anaemia
Definition, pathogenesis, classification, clinical features, Extrinsic factors & Intrinsic factors - investigation
Laboratory investigations to establish a case of haemolytic anaemia.
I. Peripheral smear – specific morphologic abnormalities
II. Special tests
a) Osmotic fragility test
b) Sickling test
a) Kleihauer acid elution test
b) Alkali denaturation test
c) Ham’s test,
d) Sucrose lysis test
e) Coomb’s test
f) Electrophoresis – HbF, HbA2 estimation
g) Tests for G6PD deficiency
III. Hemolytic disease of new born – causes and investigations
8. Aplastic anaemia
Pancytopenia.
9. Polycythemia
Classification Clinical features, laboratory investigation

68
 10. Leucocyte disorders
Leukemoid reaction – type of leukemoid and diagnosis.
Myelodysplastic syndrome [ MDS ] Definition, clinical features, peripheral
smear and Bone marrow findings.
Leukaemias: Definition, –French- American-British [FAB] and
World Health Organization- classification of acute leukaemias
Diagnostic criteria , Cytochemical staining and Immunophenotyping
Chronic Leukaemias: classification, Diagnostic criteria .
11.Myeloproliferative disorders –
Classification, Clinical features, laboratory investigations.
Chronic myeloid leukaemia in detail.
12. Lymphoproliferative disorders-
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in detail.
13. Plasma cell disorders – classification.
Plasma cell myeloma – definition. Clinical features, laboratory investigations.
14. B.M. Examination- Aspiration and Trephine biopsy staining
15. Molecular genetics in hematology

69
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-III
BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES
Course Code:: M01P0903T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objective
 To provide basic knowledge of blood donation and other procedures at blood bank.
.
THEORY
1. BLOOD DONATION
 Introduction
 Blood donor requirements
 Criteria for selection & rejection
 Medical history & personal details
 Self-exclusion.
 Health checks before donating blood.
 Screening for TTI.
2. BLOOD COLLECTION
 Blood collection packs.
 Anticoagulants.
 Taking & giving sets in Blood transfusion.
 Techniques of collecting blood from a donor.
 Instructions given to the donor after blood donation.
 Adverse donor reaction.
3. TESTING DONOR BLOOD
 Screening donor's blood for infectious agents - HIV, HCV, HBV, Trepanoma palladium,
Plasmodium, HTLV.
 Bacterially contaminated Blood.
4. BLOOD DONOR RECORDS
 Blood donation record book., Recording results, Blood donor card.
5. STORAGE & TRANSPORT
 Storage of blood, Changes in blood after storage, Gas refrigerator,
 Lay out of a blood bank refrigerator
 Transportation.
6. MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD BANK RECORDS
 Blood bank temperature sheet.
 Blood bank stock sheet.
 Blood transfusion request form.
7. COMPATIBILITY TESTING
 Labeling & Issuing cross- matched blood.
8. BLOOD COMPONENTS
 Collection of blood components for fractional transfusion.
 Platelets packed Red Cell, Platelet rich Plasma, Platelets concentrate.
 Preparation of concentrated (packed) Red cells.
 Techniques of preparation.
9. HAEMAPHERESIS
 Definition
 Types of pheresis
 Machines and Techniques.
10. Tissue banking
11. Cord blood banking
12. Stem cell processing, storage and transplantation
13. Disposal of wastes and biologically hazardous substance in the blood bank
14. Technical advances and future trends in blood banking
15. Quality Assurance
 General condition, Equipment, Reagents, Donor processing
16. Drugs control regulation and Blood Bank

70
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-III
HISTOPATHOLOGY
Course Code: M01P0904P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.,

Objectives
 To provide knowledge of histopathology and exfoliative cytology.
 To provide knowledge of procedures of tissue processing – fixing, microtomy, staining &
mounting.
 To provide knowledge of museum techniques – fixing of specimen, storage and mounting of
specimens.

PRACTICAL

1. Microtome, instrument, principle, use in section cutting, parts and working of commonly used
microtome, different kinds of microtome, rotary, base sledge, sliding, low temperature microtome,
cryostat, microtome knives, homing and stropping knives.
2. Fixation of tissue, different kind of fixatives, sample fixative, compound fixative, formaldehyde,
mercuric chloride, osmium, Picric acid, alcohols, other acids, formalin, buffered formalin, osmic
acid, zenleer solutionn, helly's solution, cytological fixatives, nuclear fixatives, fixation of smear etc.,
decalcification, method of decalcification, assessment of decalcification, solution for decalcification.
3. Processing of tissue, dehydration, impregnation in the wax, manual and automatic tissue processor,
gelatin embedding, celloidin embedding, double embedding, cytological fixatives, preparation of
different smears, vaginal, sputum, membrane.
4. Section cutting of paraffin sections, section preparation from frozen sections, fixing of tissue to slide,
preparation of celloidin section and fixation. Staining techniques, natural dyes, synthetic dyes, basic
and acidic dyes, haematoxylin staining, Pap, flicker & Conn, methanamine silver nitrate, ziehl
neelsen’s stain, propylene glycol sudan technique, papanicolaou, harn’s alum, Haematoxylin,
acridine orange technique.
5. H&E Staining
6. PAP Staining

71
 M.Sc.-MLT –Pathology
Semester-III
HAEMATOLOGY
Course Code: M01P0905P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objective
 To provide knowledge of Hematology and hematological disorders.

PRACTICAL

1. Blood collection. Anticoagulants used in Hematology

2. Preparation of Stains, Reagents, Diluting fluids.
3. Red cell indices
4. E.S.R., PCV, Platelet count, Absolute Eosinophil count
5. Reticulocyte count
6. Stains used in Hematology
i. Preparation of blood film
ii. Preparation of Leishman’s stain, Giemsa stain and MGG stain
7. Peripheral smear staining by Leishman’s stain. Interpretation of peripheral smear.
Differential count.
8. Microcytic hypochromic anemia –
Investigations including serum Iron & TIBC
9. Macrocytic anemia- Investigations including B12 & folate assay, schilling test
10. Hemolytic anemia- General Lab investigations
12. Hemolytic anemia- Special Tests.
i. Osmotic fragility test
ii. Alkali denaturation test
iii. Sickling test
iv. Hb electrophoresis
v. Investigations of G6PD deficiency
vi. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia investigations
vii. Coomb’s test
13. Blood Parasites
14. Bone marrow – preparation of bone marrow smears, Trephine biopsy smears
Staining of B.M Aspiration Smears. Demonstration of Iron stain
15. Leukemia - Interpretation of Peripheral smear in Leukemia.
Cytochemical stains – Demonstration

72
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-III
BLOOD BANK PROCEDURES
Course Code: M01P0906P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objective
 To provide basic knowledge of blood donation and other procedures at blood bank.
.
PRACTICAL

1. Blood Collection
 Donor selection
 Blood collection [Phlebotomy]
 Post donation Care
2. Preservation and Storage of blood
3. Preparation and Storage of blood Components
 Packed Cells, Fresh Frozen plasma [FFP], Platelet Concentrate, Cryoprecipitate
 Component transfusion – selection of blood group

4. Quality control – Methods

 Reagents
 Test methods
 Products
 Documents
 Equipment
5. Apheresis procedures- Types of pheresis, Machines and Techniques.
6. Orientation of a blood bank
7. Blood Bank Administration
 Record keeping
 Computerization in blood transfusion services

73
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-III

DISSERTATION
Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.

 Students will continue research work as per the synopsis.

 Data should be collected as per the ethical norms and the sample size.
 Day to day discussions and presentation of the collected data before the guide
needs to be done periodically.
 After discussion the concerned changes may be made in the research work to
improve its quality.
 Care should be taken to avoid plagiarism and the research work should be
genuine.

74
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-III

TEACHING SKILLS/SEMINARS / SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB ETC.

Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.
(i) Teaching Skills

Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate students if any. This performance will
be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback from the
undergraduate students.

(j) Seminar
 Seminars /recent advance presentation will be held every week, however, its timings are
subject to clinical schedule. Topics must be well researched and must include common
knowledge, recent advances, analysis and references.
 PG students should present minimum of two seminars (One in general and one in elective area)
and Internal Assessment marks will depend on better topic selection and presentation.

(k) Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club):

The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual aids
are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the meeting.

(l) Work diary / Log Book

Every student shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training
programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special mention
may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical practice, if any
conducted by the candidate by the student.

75
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-III
CLINICAL TRAINING/CAMPS

Min. Hrs -: 160 Hrs.

The students will get their clinical training in a medical college OR 100 bedded hospital with
well-equipped Pathology/ Clinical Biochemistry/ Medical Microbiology Laboratory.

They will participate in various medical camps.

76
 M.Sc.-MLT –(Pathology)
Semester-IV
COAGULATION STUDIES
Course Code: M01P1001T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives:
 To provide brief introduction of coagulation system and factors involved in coagulation .
 To provide knowledge about diagnosis of coagulation factors deficiencies .

THEORY
1. Hemostasis - Definition, Basic concept and principle, Basic steps involved in Hemostasis .
2. Coagulation -
a. Basic Physiology, coagulation factors.
b. Mechanism of blood coagulation.
c. Extrinsic Pathway.
d. Intrinsic Pathway.
e. Regulators of blood coagulation.
3. Testing of blood coagulation -
a. Bleeding Time, Duke's method.
b. Clotting Time- Capillary tube method & Lee white's method.
c. PT, aPTT, TT
d. Clot retraction time
e. Determination of fibrinogen.
f. Coagulation factor assay
Factor VIII: C Inhibitor study
Urea Solubility test for factor XIII

4. Quality Assurance for routine Hemostasis Laboratory-

a. Introduction.
b. Sample collection technique (Phlebotomy)
c. Sample preparation, Anticoagulant used, Importance of use of Sodium Citrate .
5. Role in Diseases, Bleeding disorders -
a. Platelet disorder - Thrombocytopenias - causes including aplastic anemia.
b. D I C
c. IT P
d. Hemophilia
6. Thrombotic disorders –
Classification, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features and Laboratory
Investigations. Antiphospholipid, Antibody Syndrome.

77
 M.Sc.-MLT (Pathology)
Semester-IV
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Course Code: M01P1002T
Theory- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.
Objective
 To provide brief knowledge (both theory and practical) about blood transfusion reactions and
quality assurance.

THEORY

BLOOD TRANSFUSION
 History of transfusion
 Principal & indications for blood Transfusion.
 Blood Transfusion service at District level.
 Guide lines for the use of Blood, Appropriate use of Blood, Quality Assurance.
 Antilogous Blood Transfusion practices.
 Objectives of Quality Assurance in Blood Transfusion services, Standard operating
procedures for usage, donation & storage of blood,

BLOOD TRANSFUSION REACTIONS

 Investigation of a Transfusion reaction.
 Hemolytic transfusion reaction.
 Actions to take when transfusion reaction occurs.

TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS-

HIV, Hepatitis B, HCV etc.

MEDICO LEGAL ASPECTS OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION

ADVANCEMENT IN BLOOD TRANSFUSION

PATERNITY TESTING

78
 M.Sc.-MLT (Pathology)
Semester-IV
COAGULATION STUDIES
Course Code: M01P1003P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objectives:
 To provide brief introduction of coagulation system and factors involved in coagulation.
 To provide knowledge about diagnosis of coagulation factors deficiencies .

PRACTICAL
1. Precautions to prevent hemolysis
2. Storage of blood specimens
3. Bleeding time & clotting time estimation
4. Prothrombin time estimation
5. aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) estimation.
6. Clot retraction time estimation
7. Test for D-Dimers
8. Assay for coagulation factors
9. Factor VIII: C Inhibitor study- Demonstration
10. Urea Solubility test for factor XIII
11. Investigation for Antiphospholipid Antibody
12. Other tests

79
 M.Sc.-MLT (Pathology)
Semester-IV
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Course Code: M01P1004P
Practical- Min. Hrs -: 80 Hrs.

Objective
 To provide brief knowledge (both theory and practical) about blood transfusion reactions and
quality assurance.

PRACTICAL

1. Crossmatching in special situations

2. Exchange transfusion – selection of blood group
3. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
4. Investigation of Blood Transfusion reaction
5. Testing for transfusion Transmitted Diseases
 Elisa-HIV, HBsAg, HCV
 VDRL Test
 Malaria
6. Visit to Blood Bank

80
 M.Sc.-MLT – (Pathology)
Semester-IV
DISSERTATION
Course Code: M01P1005R
Min. hours- 120 hrs.

 No change in the dissertation topic or guide shall be made without prior approval of the institute.
 Guide will be only a facilitator, advisor of the concept and hold responsible in correctly directing the
candidate in the methodology and not responsible for the outcome and results.
 The dissertation should be written under the following headings.
1. Introduction
2. Aims or objectives of study
3. Review of literature
4. Material and methods
5. Results
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
8. References
9. Master and Chart & Table (If Applicable)
10. Annexure (If Applicable)

The written text of dissertation/ research project shall not be less than 50 pages and shall not exceed
120 pages excluding references, tables, questionnaires and other annexure. It should be neatly typed
in double line spacing on one side of bond paper (A4 size, 8.27" x 11.69") and bound properly. Spiral
binding should be avoided. A declaration by the candidate for having done the work himself should also
be included, and the guide, head of the department and Director/Coordinator of the institute shall certify
the dissertation/ research project.
Every candidate is required to give power point presentation before final submission of dissertation.
Four copies of Dissertation/research project shall be submitted to the university, through proper
channel, along with a soft copy (CD), 2 months before the final examination. It shall be assessed by
two examiners appointed by the university, one internal and one external. There will be a power point
open presentation of the submitted dissertation as per the schedule given by the university. This
presentation shall be jointly evaluated by external and internal examiner as per the criteria given below:
Objective(s) of the work done, Methodology adopted, Result and Discussion, Conclusion & outcome.
If the student failed to secure the minimum passing marks he will resubmit the dissertation 01 month
before the supplementary exam.

81
 M.Sc.-MLT, Semester-IV
TEACHING SKILLS/ SEMINARS / SYMPOSIA/ JOURNAL CLUB ETC.
Min. Hrs -: 40 Hrs.

(i) Teaching Skills

Candidates should be encouraged to teach undergraduate students if any. This performance

will be based on assessment by the faculty members of the department and from feedback
from the undergraduate students.

(j) Seminar
 Seminars /recent advance presentation will be held every week, however, its timings are
subject to clinical schedule. Topics must be well researched and must include common
knowledge, recent advances, analysis and references.
 PG students should present minimum of two seminars (One in general and one in elective
area) and Internal Assessment marks will depend on better topic selection and
presentation.

(k) Journal Review Meeting (Journal Club):

The ability to do literature search, in depth study, presentation skills, and use of audio- visual
aids are to be assessed. The assessment is made by faculty members and peers attending the
meeting.

(l) Work diary / Log Book

Every student shall maintain a work diary and record his/her participation in the training
programmes conducted by the department such as journal reviews, seminars, etc. Special
mention may be made of the presentations by the candidate as well as details of clinical
practice, if any conducted by the candidate by the student.

82
 M.Sc.-MLT, Semester-IV
CLINICAL LAB PRACTICES OR CLINICAL TRAINING

Min. Hrs -: 160 Hrs.

Clinical Lab Practices
Post graduate students must do:
 Sample collection, storages & analysis of every sample given to them for various
parameters.
 They should know proper laboratory management.
 They should work on every instrument according to their specialization.
 Maintenance and care of the instrument of the laboratory.
 They will do hospital/laboratory/blood bank postings for training & skill development.

OR

Clinical Training

The students will get their clinical training in a medical college OR 100 bedded hospital with
well-equipped Pathology/ Clinical Biochemistry/ Medical Microbiology Laboratory for at least
one month.

83
 M.Sc.-MLT (Pathology)
REFERENCE BOOKS:

HEMATOLOGY & CLINICAL PATHOLOGY

1. Clinical Haematology, Illustrted – Colour Atls Victor Hoffbrand, John E Peth’t.
2. Practical Haematolgoy –Dacie, Lewis.
3. Haematology – Williams
4. Wintrobe clinical haematology Vol- I.
5. Wintrobe clinical haematology Vol- II.
6. Lynch’s Medical Lab – Technology Latest edition
7. Clinical Diagnosis & Management – Todd & Sanford.
8. Medical Laboratory Technology by Sood, Jaypee Brothers.
9. Clinical Haematology in Medical Practice – G.C. Degruchy.

HISTOPATHOLOGY
1. Atlas of Histopathology, J.P.
2. Histopathology, Guy Orchard
3. Histopathology, William Stewart.
4. Histotechnology, Freida L. Carson.
5. Forensic Histopathology, Darin P. Trelka.
6. Diagnostic Criteria Handbook in Histopathology, P.J. Tadrous.

BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1. Technical manual – AABB
2. The Clinical use of Blood Handbook, WHO
3. ABO Rh system – Ortho diagnostics
4. Compatibility testing – Ortho diagnostics
5. Compendium of transfusion medicine, Fr. R. N. Makroo.
7. Blood transfusion in Clinical Medicine – Mollision.
8. Blood group Serology, Theory, Techniques, Practical application – K.E.Boorman , B.E Dodd, P.J.
Lincoln.8.Technical Manual, AABB.
9. Rossi’s Principles of Transfusion Medicine, Toby L.Simon ,Walter H Dzik,Edward L. Snuder , Christopher P.
Stowell Ronald G. Strauss, Lippincott.

84