Government of Rajasthan

CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN

DROUGHT

2014

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 INDEX

S. No. Contents Pages

1. Approach 4

2. Drought – a Crisis 5-6

3 Facts of Monsoon Rainfall 7-9

4 Crisis Indicator 10

5. Crisis Management Framework 11-15

6. Department Specific Actions 16-20

7. Strategic Activity Planner 21-22

8. Agencies responsible for identified activities 23-25

9. Monitoring & Reporting of Drought 26-27

APPENDIX

1. List of Member of Crisis Management Group 28

2. List of officers of the line department 29-30

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Map depicting drought prone area and drought frequency of the State|

3
1. Approach for CMP :
The crisis management plan will promote an approach that moves drought
management practices from reactive to more proactive management. It aims to
provide state wide coordination for efforts towards integration of science,
policies and implementation by strengthening drought monitoring, drought risk
assessment/prediction; drought early warning services and sharing best practices
at the village, district and the state level.

The CMP advocates and facilitates integration of resources of various agencies

such as water resources, revenue, agriculture, disaster management and relief,
medical and health, animal husbandry and energy etc. At the same time, it aims
to strive for parallel and interactive vertical integration of science, policy and
society through drought monitoring, risk assessment prediction and
management through mitigation, community preparedness and effective
response in a time bound manner for restoration of normalcy.

The indentified priorities of CMP are to clarifies the goals and defines the roles
and responsibility of various stakeholders at all levels. It does not replace the
procedures of contingency action plan in-vogue at various levels instead flags
the crisis situation which can be of catastrophic nature in respect of the State of
Rajasthan. The CMP calls for moving towards a proactive, multi-sector, multi
stakeholder, technology driven and participatory approach for crisis
management for all sort of drought situations and also restricted to the
management intervention required during the time of crisis.

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2. Drought a Crisis
Low rainfall coupled with erratic behaviour of the monsoon in the state
makes Rajasthan the most vulnerable to drought. Of all the natural
disasters, drought can have the greatest impact and affect the largest
number of people and livestock. Drought invariably has a direct and
significant impact on food production and the overall economy. Drought,
however, differs from other natural hazards. Because of its slow onset
nature, its effects may accumulate over time and may linger for many
years. The impact is less obvious than for events such as earthquakes or
flood but may be spread over a larger geographic area. Because of the
pervasive effects of drought, assessing its impact and planning assistance
becomes more difficult than with other natural hazard

There is no universally agreed upon definition of drought. It may be

generally defined as a temporary reduction in water or moisture
availability significantly below the normal or expected amount for a
specified period. The impact of drought results in shortage of food,
fodder and water, or in discrepancies between supply and demand for
food, fodder and water. Drought is widely recognised as creeping natural
hazard that occurred due to natural climatic variability and with varying
frequency in all climatic regimes.

Types of Drought

Droughts may be grouped by type

Meteorological drought
Results from a shortfall in precipitation and is based on the degree of
dryness relative to the normal or average amount and the duration of the
dry period. This comparison must be region specific and may be
measured against daily, monthly seasonal or annual timescales of rainfall
quantum. Rainfall deficiency on its own, however, does not always create
a drought hazard.

Hydrological drought

This involves a reduction of water resources such as streams,

groundwater, lakes and reservoirs. Its definition involves data on
availability and off take rates in relation to the normal operations of the
system (domestic, industrial, irrigated agricultural) being supplied. One
impact is competition between users for water in these storage systems.

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 Agricultural drought
It is the impact of meteorological and hydrological droughts on crop and
livestock production. It occurs when soil moisture is insufficient to
maintain average plant growth and yields. A plant's demand for water,
however, is dependent on the type of plant, its stage of growth and the
properties of the soil. The impact of agricultural drought is difficult to
measure due to the complexity of plant growth and the possible presence
of other factors that may reduce yields such as, quality of seeds pests,
weeds, low soil fertility and poor agricultural practices.

Famine drought
This can be regarded as an extreme form of agricultural drought, resulting
from metrological & hydrological droughts where food, fodder and water
shortages are so severe that large number of people become unhealthy or
die. Famine disasters usually have complex causes often including war
and conflict. Although scarcity of food is the main factor in a famine,
death can result from other complicating influences such as disease or
lack of access to water and other services.

Socio-economic drought
correlates the supply and demand of goods and services with the three
above-mentioned types of drought. When the supply of some goods or
services such as water, hay or electric power is weather dependent,
drought may cause shortages. The concept of socio-economic drought
recognizes the relationship between drought and human activities. For
example, poor land use practices exacerbate the impacts and vulnerability
to future droughts.

While any of the above types may result in an acute drought, the
hydrological and agricultural varieties are frequently endemic in certain
areas in a chronic form needing long-term measures rather than crisis
management or emergency response required for an acute drought. In
other words, 'Crisis Management' is most frequently required in case of
Meteorological Drought although the crisis precipitated by an acute
drought acquires extra-ordinary severity where Hydrological Drought is
already in evidence.

An acute drought is an event where, due to scarcity of water, for any

reason - though mostly on account of scanty (-60% to -90% of normal
rain) or deficient rains (-20% to 059% of the normal) results in substantial
failure of agricultural operations causing loss of rural livelihood and
reduction in over-all availability of water for human/cattle/crop
consumption.

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 3. Facts of Monsoon Rainfall
The average normal rainfall of Rajasthan 53.1 cm. Western Rajasthan
receives average rainfall of 27.9 cm and Eastern Rajasthan receives
average rainfall of 63.1 cm. The general trend of Isohyets is from
northwest to southeast. There is a very rapid and marked decrease in
rainfall in the west of the Aravalli range making western Rajasthan the
most arid part. The average annual rainfall in this part ranges from less
then 10 cm in north-west part of Jaisalmer (lowest in the state), to 20 to
30 cm in Ganganagar, Bikaner and Barmer regions, 30 to 40 cm in
Nagaur, Jodhpur, Churu and Jalore regions and more than 40 cm in Sikar,
Jhunjhunu and Pali regions and along the western fringes of the Aravalli
range. On the eastern side of the Aravalli range, the rainfall ranges from
55 cm in Ajmer to 102 cm in Jhalawar. In plains, Banswara (92.0 cm) and
Jhalawar (95 cm) districts receive the maximum annual rain. Mount Abu
(Sirohi district) in the southwest, however, receives the highest rainfall in
the State (163.8 cm). The yearly total rainfall is highly variable at
different places all over the State and it is most erratic in the eastern half
with frequent spells of drought, punctuated occasionally by heavy
downpour in some years associated with the passing low pressure systems
over the regions.

The southwest monsoon which has its beginning in the last week of June
in the eastern parts, may last till mid-September. Pre-monsoon showers
begin towards the middle of June and post-monsoon rains occasionally
occur in October. In the winter season also, there is sometimes, a little
rainfall associated with the passing western distribution over the region.
At most places, the highest normal monthly rainfall is during July and
August. The number of rainy days during this period varies widely in
different places, ranging from 10 in Jaisalmer to 40 in Jhalawar and 48 in
Mount Abu. Rainfall during the rest of the period ranges from 2.1 cm at
Jaisalmer to 7.2 cm at Jaipur, distributed over 2.5 to 6 rainy days.

Drought situation
Low rainfall coupled with erratic behaviour of the monsoon in the State
make Rajasthan the most vulnerable to drought. Based on historical data
the frequency of occurrence of droughts in the State is given in Table 1.

Table 1: Frequency of drought in Rajasthan

S.No. Recurrence Districts
Period
(Year)
1 Once in 3 years Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jalore, Jodhpur and Sirohi
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 2 Once in 4 years Ajmer, Bikaner, Bundi, Dungarpur, Sriganganagar,
Nagaur, Hanumangarh and Churu
3 Once in 5 years Alwar, Banswara, Bhilwara, Jaipur Jhunjhunu, Pali,
Sawai Madhopur, Sikar, Dausa and Karauli.
4 Once in 6 years Chittorgarh, Jhalawar, Kota, Udaipur, Tonk,
Rajsamand and Baran
5 Once in 8 years Bharatpur and Dholpur

Of all the natural disasters, drought can have the greatest impact and
affect the largest number of people. They invariably have a direct and
significant impact on food and fodder production, drinking water and the
overall economy. Drought, however, differs from other natural hazards.
Because of its slow onset, its effects may accumulate over time and may
linger for many years. The impact is less obvious than for events such as
earthquakes or cyclones but may be spread over a larger geographic area.
Because of the pervasive effects of drought, assessing their impact and
planning assistance becomes more difficult than with other natural
hazards.

Typical adverse effects

 Adverse effects can be grouped into sectors; economic,

environmental and social.

Economic
 Losses in production of crops, dairy and livestock, timber and
fisheries
 Loss of national economic growth and development
 Income loss for farmers and others directly affected
 Losses from tourism and recreational businesses
 Loss of hydroelectric power and increased energy costs
 Losses to industries related to agricultural production
 Decline in food production and increased food prices
 Unemployment from drought related production declines
 Revenue losses to government and increased strain on financial
institutions

Environmental
 Damage to animal and fish species and habitat
 Wind and water erosion of soils
 Damage to plant species
 Effects on water quality (salination)
 Effects on air quality (dust, pollutants, reduced visibility)

Social
 Food shortage effects (malnutrition, famine)
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  Loss of human life from food shortage or drought related conditions
 Conflicts between water users
 Health problems due to decreased water flow and pollution
 Inequity in the distribution of drought impacts and relief assistance
 Decline in living conditions in rural areas
 Increased poverty, reduced quality of life
 Social unrest, civil strife
 Transhumance for employment or relief assistance

Factors contributing to vulnerability

 Drought is more likely in dry areas with limited rainfall. Physical
factors such as the moisture retention of soil and timing of the rains
influence the degree of crop loss in droughts. Dependency on rain-fed
agriculture increases vulnerability. Farmers unable to adapt to
drought conditions with repeated plantings may experience crop
failure. Livestock-dependent populations without adequate grazing
territory are also at risk. Those dependent on stored water resources
for irrigation will be more vulnerable to water shortages and may
face competition for water.

 Drought related effects will be more severe in regions with overall

yearly food deficits and for largely subsistence level farming and
pastoralist systems. In these areas, drought can more easily lead to
famine and deaths. Food shortages will have the greatest impact
where malnutrition already exists.

 Where governments and assistance agencies have not adequately

planned drought response, assistance measures may be poorly
targeted or ineffective. Vulnerability to death may increase when
coping mechanisms have been exhausted and abnormal migration
takes place. Situations in relief camps such as overcrowding and poor
sanitation may cause death from disease.

Elements of Management of an Acute Drought:

(i) Constant monitoring of rainfall and hydrological status;

(ii) Detection of Early Warning Signs other than rainfall statistics to identify a
potential drought;
(iii) Appearance of Drought like Conditions;
(iv) Assessment of Damage and Requirement of Assistance for distress mitigation in
the event of actual outbreak of a drought.
(v) Sanction of Assistance for different relief activities;
(vi) Monitoring of progress of Drought and Administration of Relief.

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4. Crisis Indicators

1. Monsoon Behaviour
The behaviour of monsoon is usually erratic and uncertain in the State. Kharif
production depends on the quantum and distribution of rainfall. The monsoon
normally onsets in the first week of July and withdraws by the end of August or
seldom it may give sporadic showers in September's first fortnight. Thus the
optimum moisture availability period varies from 50 days under normal
conditions with 12-28 potential rainy days. The behaviour of monsoon is broadly
classified as under:

a) Normal season with normal onset, cessation and distribution of monsoon

b) Delayed onset of monsoon
c) Normal onset but early withdrawal of monsoon
d) Normal onset and cessation but prolonged drought period in between (inter-
spell dry period
e) Flood/Excess rains
f) Uneven distribution of rains

2. Early Warning Indicators of Drought :

For Kharif (Sowing June to August)
a) Delay in onset of South-West Monsoon.
b) Long 'break' in activity of South-West Monsoon.
c) Insufficient rains during the month of July.
d) Rise in Price of fodder.
e) Absence of rising trend in Reservoir Levels.
f) Drying up sources of Rural Drinking Water Supply.
g) Declining trend in progress of sowing over successive weeks compared to
corresponding figures for "normal years"

For Rabi (Sowing November to January)

a) Deficiency in closing figures for South-West Monsoon (30th September).
b) Serious depletion in level of Ground Water compared to figures for "normal
years".
c) Fall in the level of Reservoirs compared to figures for the corresponding
period in the "normal years" - Indication of poor recharge following SW
Monsoon.
d) Indication of marked soil moisture stress.
e) Rise in price of fodder.
f) Increased deployment of water through tankers.

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5. Crisis Management Framework
This framework has been prepared in order to identify the fundamental aspect of crisis
situation, it includes the phases of crisis, magnitude, outcome of crisis phase, trigger
mechanism and strategic response matrix.

Level Phases of Vulnerability Outcome Identified Strategic Response

l Crisis Magnitude of the Trigger Matrix /
(area specific) Crisis mechanism Action
(Scale : Zero – Phase
10)
1 Normal Zero. Nil Nil  Developing and
(Rainfall is Strengthening drought
above +19% to - preparedness
19%  assessing food and
cumulatively water requirements and
for more than 4 resources,
weeks period  constant monitoring of
through out the drought-related
season ) characteristics
 Drawing up of
perspective plans with
the vision of drought
proofing under the
ongoing schemes/
programmes of Central/
State Govt.
2 Alert/ Watch 1-2 Incipient Contingency  Preparation of updated
Forecast of late Sudden Action Plan Contingency Crop
onset of acceleration of • Crop Plan and its
monsoon demand of • Water propagation through
coupled with employment. • Health effective agro-
continuing advisory services
water crisis and  Propagation of short-
heat wave. term water
Delayed onset of conservation
monsoon and measures, water
anticipated deficit budgeting,
rainfall in the  Proper health
areas already advisories and
affected by ensuring availability
drought from the of emergency medical
previous year. services
 Continuation of
(Apr - Jun) ongoing alternative
(Rainfall forecast employment
expected to be generation
less than the programmes in
normal rainfall drought affected
and below -19% /prone areas, through
and the deficit MGNREGS as a part
continues for of supplementary
more than 2-3 employment and as a
weeks & Soil social safety net
moisture level is support Monitoring
unsustainable over exploitation of
ground water for
nonagricultural and
nondrinking purposes
(i.e.industrial/
commercial/
11
 entertainment
purposes)
Advisory Note:
(The ULBs may be
directed to control the
extraction of water)
 Energising the
Identified alternative
sources for the
requirement of water,
food, fodder and
power. - Meeting of
Crisis Management
Group (CMG) to
review and revitalise
the role of concerned
machineries.
3 Warning 3-4 Moderate • CAP (Crop)  Effective role of
Delayed onset • CAP (Water) Extension machinery
of monsoon. • CAP (Health) and realising the
Deficit Rainfall • CAP (Food & objectives of
for more than PD) Contingency Crop
two weeks. Plan by ICAR.
Acute water  Operationalising
Crisis. short-term water
conservation
(Jun – Mid July) measures by
(Rainfall is less municipal and district
than the normal agencies, water-
rainfall and below budgeting by the
-19% and Ministry of Water
the deficit Resources
continues for (Irrigation), M/o rban
more than 3 – 6 Development
weeks & Soil (PHED) and by
moisture, GW & Drinking Water &
SW level is lower Sanitation
than previous Advisory Note:
normal average - Identify alternative
sources when the town
is in “Warning” period
and the supply of water
may be altered
 Judicious use of
drinking water
(restricted supply of
water for basic
requirement and
alternative non-potable
water for other
purposes)
 Meeting of
CMG to review the
action plan initiated by
line Departments and
affected State
Governments and taking
decision for movement
of water and fodder
from surplus areas
(States) to the deficit
areas (States).
 Review and
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 Visit by Area Officers in
the deficit rainfall
States.
 Apprising the
developments to State
Crisis Management
Committee (SCMC)
 Action Plan for
meeting out the shortage
of secondary and tertiary
sectors
4 Emergency 5-7 Severe • CAP (Crop) - Referring the issue to
Deficit or No • CAP (Water) SCMC for taking up with
rainfall during • CAP (Cattle Cabinet for taking certain
the sowing Care) vital decisions like
period. Midseason • CAP (Health) deferment / rescheduling
withdrawal of • CAP (EGP) /fresh loan, movement of
monsoon. Dry • CAP (Food & water and fodder
spell for more Public through railways,
than 4 weeks. Distribution) additional allocation of
Deficit rainfall food grains, establishing
in the range of cattle camps, alternative
20% employment generation
to -40%. programmes, enhancing
Wilting of PDS allocations, import
Crops due to of food grains to meet the
shortage of gap between demand and
water and supply, checking up of
continuing heat inflation etc.
wave Advisory Note:
conditions. In the ‘Emergency’
(JUL –SEP) period, water may be
(Rainfall is less supplied at 40 lpcd and
than the normal non-potable water may
rainfall and be supplemented for
below -25% and other uses.
the deficit - Early release of
continue for instalments under State
more than – 6 Disaster Response Fund
weeks & Soil (SDRF) and ensuring
moisture, GW that the State
& SW level is Government utilise it for
alarmingly initial emergency
low). measures.
- Enabling employment
under MGNREGS as a
part of supplementarey
employment and as a
social safety net support.
- Monitoring and visit of
deficit rainfall States
personally by each
designated area officer
in the Department
Apprising the
developments to State
Crisis Management
Committee (SCMC) on
regular basis
- Measure for meeting the
shortage of secondary
and tertiary sectors
5 Acute 7-10 EXTREME • CAP (Water)  Decision by Cabinet for
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 (Potential Early (FULL • CAP (Cattle Constitution of GoM /
Disaster) withdrawal of BLOWN Care) Task Force under the
monsoon. DROUGHT) • CAP (Social chairmanship of a
Midseason Sector) Minister of Cabinet rank
withdrawal.. • CAP (Energy to take decisions during
Severe deficit of Sector) acute crisis
cumulative • CAP (Health)  Monitoring of drought
annual rainfall. • CAP (Food & affected States
Severe soil PD) individually by each
moisture deficit. • CAP (Labour designated area officer
No rainfall for &Employment) in the Department about
more than 4-6 ongoing relief measures.
weeks in sown  Weekly CMG meeting
area, resulting and monitoring of the
in crop damage progress of drought
Severe shortage relief measures
in availability of  Review of visit by Area
GW and SW. Officers to the deficit
(JUL–OCT) rainfall States.
(Rainfall is less  Strict Water
than normal conservation measures
and below -25% and monitoring of the
and the deficit release of canal water
continue for for irrigation
more than – 6  Requisition for Central
weeks & Soil Team to visit drought
moisture, GW declared areas
& SW level is  Assessment of damages
alarmingly and estimation of losses
low). for release of funds from
State Disaster Response
Fund (SDRF) Special
assistance to farmers /
dairy / poultry / fishery
sectors
 Enabling employment
under MGNREGS as a
part of supplementary
employment and as a
social safety net support
 Revitalising the ongoing
programmes/schemes
for vulnerable sections
of society
 Preventive measures for
loss of human /cattle life
on account of potential
disaster.
 Measures for meeting
the shortage of
secondary and tertiary
sectors and measures for
economic revival.
 Legislative measures
like issue of control
orders for maintaining
sustained supply of
essential commodities.
 Video Conferencing
with drought affected
States.
6 Recovery >10-0 Mitigated •CAP (Water) - Rescheduling of farm
(Post (OCT–JUN) • CAP (Cattle loans
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 Disaster) Normal rainfall Care) - Early release of input
in Rabi and • CAP (Energy subsidy
subsequent Sector) - Payment of
seasons. Easing • CAP (Health) compensation for losses
of soil moisture • CAP in time to the
stress situation (Employment beneficiaries i.e. agri-
Farming /Rural Guarantee insurance, State Disaster
community’s Programmes) Response Fund (SDRF)
livelihood • CAP (Food & - Adequate availability of
requirements PD) seeds for sowing in the
Returning to • CAP (Labour next season
normal activity & Employment)
- Monitoring of the
ongoing relief measures
and taking necessary
course correction
- Simultaneous
documentation
- Monitoring of the
climate and ensuring
alternative arrangements
against relapse of the
drought.

Note: Contingency Action Plans (CAP) (in respect of Crop, Water, Cattle Care, Health, Energy
Sector, Food and livelihood Security) – (To be prepared by concerned State Government
Departments)

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6. Department Specific Actions
The following are the actions to be taken up by the departments/ agencies and the stakeholders during
the crisis situation

S. N Department Disaster Specific Action

1 Agriculture Pre Drought situation

Department
 Prepare crop contingency plan
 Identify and assess the requirement for fodder depots.
 Fodder supply: Identification of grazing land including forest
land.
 Promote crop insurance
During Drought Situation

 Assessment of crop damage

 Establish food depots as per requirements
 Ensure food security – transport food from FCI/ warehouse and if
shortage still persists then import food grains from other states,
other countries.
 Fodder availability – transportation of fodders to affected areas,
identify the areas having availability of excess fodder, appeal to
farmers having excess fodder.
 Supply of fodder at subsidized rates
 Cattle feed subsidy
 Issue periodic bulletins
Post Drought Measures

 Suggest/ implement Change in cropping pattern - Water saving

crops like sass flower, castor, Jawar, Bajra and oil seeds to be
introduced in drought prone areas. Likewise, in the IGNP area
sugarcane, cotton and groundnut and in Kota area rice crop can
be replaced by suitable low water consumption crops.
 Promote sprinklers and drip irrigation methods.
 Promotion of low irrigation requirement crops, drought tolerant
seed varieties and other livelihood options in chronic drought
prone areas.
2 Animal Pre Drought Situation
Husbandry
 Prepare contingency plan
 Promote cattle insurance
 Constitute veterinary mobile teams with required resources like
medicines, doctors, subordinate staff, laboratories, protective
gears, antibiotics, vaccines and antitoxins, etc. in abundance.
During Drought Situation

 Constitute technical groups at state, zone and district levels.

 Identification of affected areas.
 Disposal of dead carcasses.
 Focused attention to veterinary health.
 Mass vaccination programme of animals in affected areas Make
arrangements for rescue and evacuation of stranded livestock.

16
  Pool in sufficient doctors for treatment of sick animals/ poultry.
 Control spread of animal disease.
 Carry out epidemiological surveillance to evade biological
disasters.
 Promote awareness through IEC activities.
3 Public Health Pre Drought Situation
Engineering
Department  Prepare Contingency plan
(PHED)  Enforce ground water legislation
 Strict monitoring and vigilance on water for drinking purpose
only.
 Identify additional sources of water for maintenance of regular
supply.
During Drought Situation

 Ensure supply of sufficient water through tankers for habitats

and cattle camps.
 Provide household water purification tablets.
 Augmentation of existing Resources
 Hiring of Private Wells
 Hand Pump repair programme
 Installation of New Hand Pumps and Tube wells
 Revival of traditional water sources like Wells, Bawdis, Tankas,
etc.
 Transportation of water through road tankers and by Rail
 Earmark water for drinking purpose available in the tanks and
ensure no illegal pumping takes place.
 Provide adequate quantity of bleaching powder to PRI, especially
Gram Panchayats to protect spread of water and vector borne
diseases.
 Promote awareness on safe hygienic practices and sanitation.
4 Department of Pre Drought Situation
Medical and
Health  Health and epidemiology surveillance
 Constitute mobile teams with required resources like medicines,
doctors, subordinate staff, laboratories, protective gears,
antibiotics, vaccines, etc. in abundance.
During Drought Situation

 Mobile clinics for health check ups

 Organise regular rural health camps and keep public informed of
such camps.
 Check the nutritional status especially for women and children
and give treatment.
 Check samples of food grains, cooked food in community
kitchens, etc.
 Promote general awareness of health and hygiene.
5 Disaster
 Ensure coordinated movement of all concerned departments,
Management officials and agencies for combating Drought.
& Relief  Make sufficient funds available for Drought response.
(DM&R)  Arrange regular meetings for updating the apex body and issue
directions to all concerned departments regularly.
17
  Document experiences and best practices.
6 Irrigation/
 Assess and evaluate the supply and demand of water for crops
Water and ensure rationing of water.
Resource  Strict monitoring / vigilance to avoid illegal pumping.
department  Maintenance and repair of Dams, canals.
 Lining of canals and other water structure systems in order to
reduce seepage losses in the conveyance system.
 Deepening of wells
 Identify underground streams/ aquifers.
 Make sufficient arrangements for tube wells and new hand
pumps and repair.
 Making sufficient budget provisions.
7 Soil & Water
 Promote rain water harvesting structures.
Conservation  Renovation of tanks and tankas – desilting of mud, strengthening
Department of bunds, etc. and integrating the tanks with major canal systems,
wherever feasible.
 Promote farm ponds, percolation tanks, water retardant mulches
and traditional/ indigenous techniques of water conservation.
8 Public Works
 Listing of works that could be done as relief programmes - pond
Department desilting, excavation of water structures, construction of
(PWD) Government infrastructures, etc.
 Carry out sudden checks and supervise the relief works.
 Generate employment through cash for work/ food for work
relief programmes
9 Civil Supplies
 Distribution of food packets, dry rations, fuel, oil and lubricants
and Public  Take precautionary steps against hoarding and profit mongering
Distribution and ensure normal prices of commodities in the market.
System (PDS)  Adequate supply and reserves of FOL and coordinate with all the
State agencies for smooth transportation of food and civil
supplies.
 Supply daily necessities of food items, stock position and ensure
continuous supply, in relief camp too.
 Coordination with FCI/ warehouses.
 Make public aware through media about food distribution and
also about the availability of items at subsidized rates.
10 FCI/
 Keep stock of food grains
Warehouse  In case of shortage inform administration for further
procurements
 Quick transportation/ distribution of food grains as per demand
from administration.
 Coordination with transport departments (road, rail and air).
11 Municipal
 Coordination and supply of safe drinking water using tankers, etc.
Corporation

12 Railways/
 Assist and give immediate clearance for transportation of relief
Civil Aviation/ materials.
Road  Wherever possible, provide temporary storage space for relief
Transport materials.
 Make arrangements for water trains on demand of the
18
 administration.
13 RDD
 Evaluate/ analyze the complete details of the drought situation in
the state for effective drought management, proper information
to higher officials for effective decisions on drought response.
 Make provisions for sufficient budget for food products, grains,
fodder, water and hand pumps, etc.
 Coordinate with neighbouring states for sufficient arrangement
for food, fodder, etc.
 Regular monitoring of Drought relief works.
 Distribution of relief materials to the needy in actual terms.
 Ensure compliance of orders issued by Government from time to
time.
 Support PRI in organising cattle camps
 Coordinate with other departments like health, animal
husbandry, PHED and Water Resources.
 Oversee maintenance of cattle camps and Gaushalas and ensure
veterinary services, fodders, etc. are provided as per the norms.
 Support price and subsidy to encourage cultivation of green
fodder
14 District Pre Drought Situation
Administratio
n  Prepare Drought Contingency Plan.
 Issue necessary directions/ instructions to all concerned
departments to combat the upcoming situation in an effective and
coordinated manner.
During Drought Situation

 Ensure effective coordination with all departments, agencies,

NGOs and stakeholders.
 Arrange/mobilize equipment and resources like water tankers,
trucks/ vehicles to transport food supply, fodder, mobile medical
vehicles, ambulances, etc.
 Arrange for disposal of dead carcasses.
 Generate daily reports of relief activities and disseminate.
 Organise relief camps wherever required; ensure pure drinking
water, Sanitation, food, temporary shelters, basic relief materials
as per requirements and need.
 Update political leaders/ issue periodic bulletins.
 Media Management
15 PRI (Zila
 Analyze the complete details of the drought situation in the
Parishad, district for effective drought management and inform the state
Panchayat administration for effective decisions on drought response.
Samiti and  In coordination with District Administration, arrange/mobilize
Gram equipment and resources like water tankers, tractors, trucks/
Panchayat) vehicles to transport food grains, fodder, mobile medical vehicles,
ambulances, etc.
 Appoint labourers for disposal of dead carcasses, distribution of
food grains, fodder, etc.
 Organise cattle camps wherever required;
 Ensure safe drinking water, Sanitation, food, basic relief materials
(fuel, oil, etc.) as per requirements and need.
 Mass vaccination for domestic animals.
19
  Arrange for release of compensation of agriculture losses based
on the ‘panchnama’.
16 AIR/ DD &
 Broadcast/ Telecast the current situation on a regular basis.
other news  Issue bulletins on a periodic basis.
channels  Promote general awareness on government programmes, relief
measures and health and hygiene messages.
17 Department of
 Information dissemination, issue periodic bulletins to media.
Information  Ensure information given to media are facts and true to avoid
and Public rumours. Arrange visit for local and foreign journalists in affected
Relation areas.
 Information dissemination, update public on various relief
interventions.
18 UN,
 Support Government in all relief and response activities.
International  Work in collaboration with Government authorities and
Agencies, Red departments.
Cross  Specifically support Administration in the following sectors:
water Supply, Sanitation, Hygiene Promotion, Food supply and
Nutrition, livelihoods/ income generation activities, general
awareness etc.
19 Emergency
 Coordinate and issue direction to all concerned stake holders/
Operation departments regularly
Centre (EOC)

“The effective preparedness and prevention of the crisis in agriculture is the foremost important task
before the Government at State levels during the paradigm of Drought Management. Preparation and
implementation of an effective Crop Contingency Planning would address the mitigation of crisis in
agriculture. The Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad under ICAR
has been preparing district-wise contingency plans in collaboration with State Agricultural University
(SAU) / Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Institutes / Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs).

Specific Attention to Water User Groups:

Water User Group Potential Action

 Public Water Suppliers  Leak Repair
 Municipal Waste Discharge  Non-Essential Water use restrictions
 Agriculture  Pressure Reduction
 Industry (Infrastructure, Food Processing  Voluntary Water Conservation
including beverages, other (heavy  Mandatory Water Conservation
industry, mining)  Emergency Source Enhancement
 Power Production (Hydro electric)  Interconnection
 Recreation (Park, fountains etc.)  Major User Restriction
 Emergency Rate Structures
 Source Blending

The district-wise contingency plans for 33 districts for the State of Rajasthan are now available in the
website of the Department www.agricoop.nic.in

20
7. Strategic Activity Planner
Activity June July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May
Drought Preparedness
Reviewing CMP
Monitoring
Rainfall
Temperature
Surface water level
Normal Area Vs
Sown area
Assessment
Drinking water
availability
Irrigation water
availability
Soil Moisture
Fodder availability
Food grains
availability
Energy Sector
requirement
Inputs and Seed
availability
Water Conservation measures
Check dams /
Water sheds
Rain Water
Harvesting
Ground Water
Recharge
Protection of
aquatic resources
for aquaculture
DROUGHT REPORTING
Early Warning System (EWS)
Forecast of
Contingency
Cropping
Forecast of Crop
Loss
Forecast of Water
Deficiency
Forecast of Food
insecurity
Forecast of Cattle
feed deficit
Declaration of
Drought
Estimation
Unsown area
Crop Loss due to
drought
Potential Water
deficit
For irrigation
For drinking

21
Fodder
requirement,
availability,
additional
demand for cattle
care
Loss to AH/
Fisheries
Loss to Energy
Sector (fuel and
hydroelectricity)
DROUGHT RESPONSE
Propagation of
Forecast through
Extension
Services
contingency
cropping
Promotion of
agro forestry
Issue of Agro
advisories
Issue of General
advisories
SDRF release
Alternative
employment
Food Security to
vulnerable Sections
Food grain
requirement of
farming community
Processing of
request for
additional financial
assistance
Water and Fodder
movement
Energy Sector
requirement
(Import /
Indigenous
procurement from
outside the State)
Cattle & animal
welfare (Vet.)
Cattle camp
Encouraging of
community welfare
organizations for
mitigation efforts
and monitoring of
their activity

22
8. Agencies responsible for Identified Activities
Activity Primary Secondary Tertiary
Monitoring
Reviewing CMP DMR SEC SDMA
Rainfall IMD Water Resource Agriculture
(Hydrology)
Temperature IMD Water Resource Agriculture
(Hydrology)
Surface Water Level CWC Water Resource Agriculture
(Hydrology)
Ground Water Level CGWB Water Resource Agriculture
(Hydrology)
Monitoring of District IMD Agriculture
Agriculture Drought
Assessment
Drinking Water District PHED DMR
availability
Irrigation Water District Water Resources MoD WR, GoI
Availability
Soil Moisture District Water Resources Agriculture
Fodder, Cattle feed and District AH&D Agriculture
poultry feed availability
food grains availability District Food & PD Agriculture
Energy sector District Energy
requirement
Input and Seed District Agriculture National Agencies for
availability Seed and Fertilizers
Water conservation
measure
Check Dams/ Watersheds District Water Resources Agriculture
Deficit irrigation, District Water Resources Agriculture
Sprinkler and drip
irrigation, reuse of
irrigation water, use of
water of suboptimal
quality
Rain water harvesting & District Water Resources Agriculture
water shed management
Ground Water Recharge District CGWB Water Resources
Adjustment in sanction District Water Resources CWC
water/ water pricing
Monitoring of water PHED Agriculture DMR
levels in head works such
as jack wells and
tubewells
Judicial use of available Water Resources PHED SDMA
water
Planning of naturally District Agriculture Water Resources
drought restraint crops
with less water
consumption and duration
Water supply system for District CWC MoWR
drought prone areas for
arranged supply of water
to commercial and
industrial activities
having low water
consumption
Reduction in conveyance District CWC Water Resources
loss, evaporation from

23
soil surface, renovation
and percolation of tanks,
water consciousness
Early Warning System
(EWS)
Forecast of contingency District Agriculture ICAR
cropping
Forecast of crop loss District ICAR/ DAC Agriculture
Forecast of water District Water Resources Agriculture
deficiency
forecast of food District Food & PD Agriculture
Insecurity
forecast of Cattle feed District AH & D Agriculture
deficit
Declaration of Drought District
Estimation
Normal Area Vs sown District Agriculture
area
unsown area District Agriculture
Crop Loss due to drought District Agriculture
Loss to Animal District AHD
Husbandry & Fisheries
Sector
Potential Water Deficit
For irrigation District Water Resource DAC
For Drinking Water District PHED DAC
Fodder/ Cattle Feed/ District AHD DAC
Poultry feed requirement,
availability, additional
demand for cattle care
Loss to energy sector and District Power/ Petroleum & DAC
requirement of energy Natural Gas
sector
Drought mitigation
Propagation of forecast KVKs District Agriculture
through extn. services
Propagation of District ICAR Agriculture
contingency cropping
Intensification of Respective Missions/ District Agriculture
agricultural activities agencies
with support from
Centrally Sponsored
Schemes
Additional Availability of Respective Missions/ District Agriculture
seed and other inputs agencies
Credit Support Agriculture Crop Banks/ District Agriculture
Nationalised &
Scheduled Banks
NABARD/ RBI
Propagation of agro District M/o E&F Agriculture
forestry
Issue of Agro advisories District Agriculture
Issue of General District Agriculture
advisories
SDRF release M/o Finance DMR
Alternative employment District RD
Food Security to District WCD/ SJ & E/ RD DMR
vulnerable sections
Food grains requirement District F&PD Agriculture
of farming community
Request for additional DM&R DAC SEC/SDMA

24
financial assistance from
NDRF etc.
Water and fodder District Railways DAC
movement
Package / Bottled potable District DWS, WCD, SJ&E, RD PHED
water
Energy Sector District
requirement
Cattle & Animal Welfare District AHD
(Vet.)
Cattle Camp District AHD DMR
Monitoring and District RD
encouraging of NGOs/
VOs
Taking over of the District AHD DMR
exploratory wells in
drought prone areas
Adoption of traditional District CWC Water Resources
methods of water storage
and completion of
ongoing storage projects
Undertaking Mid/ Long District Respective department in
term drought mitigation State
activities under centrally
sponsored programmes
for water shed, backward
regions, drinking water
supply, infrastructure

25
9. Monitoring & Reporting of Drought
Government of India has designed and launched an interactive web portal for online reporting of
drought related information in prescribed MIS format, which is available at
http://dacnet.nic.in/droughtmis. All district shall utilize the web portal and enter all drought related
information for monitoring drought and planning for mitigation.

Dissemination of Information and Media Management

Sharing information with print, radio and television media is an important aspect of drought
management. The Central and State Governments should provide information on all aspects of
drought to the people and media. Designated Spokespersons of Governments should be accessible to
media for providing information on drought, for which a communication outreach strategy may be
adopted. They should organise periodical briefings for dissemination of information. Additional
Director General dealing with Agriculture in the Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Information
and Broadcasting, Government of India would interact and disseminate periodical information to the
media on the drought related information as made available by the Additional Secretary and Central
Drought Relief Commissioner, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India.

Crisis Management Group

There shall be a Crisis Management Group (CMG) for Drought Management as is defined in the
Crisis Management Plan (State) to deal with various phases of drought. The composition of the CMG
for Drought is at Appendix I. Secretary, DM & Relief will be the nodal officer to coordinate with
SCMC will be the Member Secretary of CMG. CMG under the Chairmanship of Additional Chief
Secretary, Agriculture & would periodically review the drought preparedness, take appropriate
decisions and report the developments to the State Crisis Management Committee (SCMC). The
issues to be decided by the Cabinet would be referred to SCMC for further necessary action by the
Chief Secretary. At District level, the District Magistrate / Collector would be the head of the Crisis
Management Group to deal the issue

9. Nodal Officers

Besides State Relief Commissioners and State Additional Chief Secretary, Agriculture, line
Departments / offices / agencies of the State Government, responsible for different sets of activity
connected with crisis management of drought shall nominate an officer not below the rank of Director
or equivalent in the Government of India. The list of nodal officers containing their name,
designation, telephone (office / residence), FAX, e-mail, mobile number and address shall be
maintained in the Drought Monitoring Cell (Control Room) of the Department of Agriculture, and got
updated every month.

At District level, the District Magistrate / Collector would be the nodal officer of the drought affected
district, who will be co-opted in the drought management spectrum at the time of acute crisis in their
district.

Drought Management Contacts

• Composition of Crisis Management Group (CMG) – Appendix-1

• List of Nodal Officers of Line Ministries / Departments – Appendix-2

11. Conclusion

26
The aim of the CMP (Drought) is to help all stake holders to be better prepared and less vulnerable to
drought. It will also result in a timely and effective response by government agencies to reduce
impacts during a drought crisis. The strategic activity planner and identification of agencies
responsible for managing the crisis is aimed at demarcation of the duties of respective personnel in the
identified activity.

This plan enables the officials who are responsible to focus their efforts on emerging crisis situations,
which may require a unique response. As much as decisions are taken in advance of a Crisis, it would
make it possible that the remaining decisions are taken easily through the Crisis. However, existence
of a State level mechanism and a holistic and integrated drought management plan would reduce the
focus of the Crisis Management Plan (CMP) towards relief and rehabilitation in the event of full
blown drought.

27
 Appendix-1

List of Members of Crisis Management Group

Chairman - Additional Chief Secretary, Agriculture

Secretaries / Nodal Officer of the Departments:

i. Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries

ii. PHED

iii. Environment & Forests

iv. Food & Public Distribution

v. Health & Family Welfare

vi. Home

vii. India Meteorological Department

viii. Labour & Employment

ix. Panchayati Raj

x. Power

xi. Railways

xii. Rural Development

xiii. Urban Development

xiv. Water Resources

xv. Women & Child Development

Member Secretary - Secretary, Disaster Management & Relief Department

28
 Appendix-2

List of Nodal Officer of Line Departments

S.No Name & address Telephone No.
1 Shri Ashok Sampatram 2227112
Addl. Chief Secretary, 5103626(F)
Agriculture, Animal Husbandry & Fisheries
Room No.2202, Main Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005
2 Shri O.P. Meena, 2227660
Addl. Chief Secretary, 9928924241
Environment & Forest Department
Room No.1139, Main Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

3 Shri Sunil Arora, 2227063

Addl. Chief Secretary, 22277788(F)
Home Department
Room No.3204, Main Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

4 Shri Ashok Jain, 2227411

Addl. Chief Secretary, 2227200(F)
Urban Development & Housing
Room No.2207, Main Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

5 Ms. Gurjot Kaur, 2227633(TF)

Addl. Chief Secretary,
Woman & Child Development
Room No.2018, Main Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005
6 Shri P.S. Mehra 2227851
Principal Secretary,
PHED & Water Resources
Room No.5208, Main Building, Government
Secretariat, Jaipur-302005

29
7 Dr.Subodh Agarwal 2227722
Principal Secretary,
Food & Civil Supplies Deptt.
Room No.8001, SSO Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

8 Shri Deepak Upreti,

Principal Secretary,
Medical & Health and Family Welfare
Room No.1108, Main Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

9 Shri Giriraj Singh, 2227333

Principal Secretary, 9414083344
Labour & Employment
Room No.2020, Main Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

10 Shri Srimat Pandey, 2227004

Principal Secretary,
Rural Development & Panchayati Raj,
Room No.8041, SSO Building, Government
Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

11 Dr. Ashok Singhvi, 2227210

Principal Secretary,
Mines & Petroleum
Room No.1036, Main Building, Government Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

12 Shri Alok 2385648

Secretary, 2227699(F)
Energy Department 9413311300
Room No.8340, SSO Building, Government Secretariat,
Jaipur-302005

13 Shri R.C. Agarwal, 2725800

GM, Northwestern Railways,
GM Office, Near Jawahar Circle,Jaipur

30