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MIND THE GAP: EXPLORING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR CONDUCTING

GAP ANALYSIS IN EDUCATIONAL STUDIES

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 MIND THE GAP: EXPLORING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR
CONDUCTING GAP ANALYSIS IN EDUCATIONAL STUDIES

Caroline Ochuko ALORDIAH (Ph.D)

Faculty of Education, University of Delta Agbor, Nigeria

Abstract
Research gap analysis is essential to every research effort as it helps identify areas where further
study is necessary to close knowledge gaps and encourage evidence-based practice. This article
briefly introduces research gap analysis, including its definition, types of gaps in the literature,
and their significance in the research. The study also explores effective strategies for identifying
and presenting research gaps in relation to the research goal. The findings of this study highlight
the critical importance of addressing research gaps in advancing knowledge and improving
evidence-based practice, which can lead to significant advancements and improvements in a
field. The challenges associated with research gap analysis must be addressed to maximise its
potential. Researchers and practitioners should prioritise it in their work by developing new
research methods and approaches or conducting further research on existing gaps. Addressing
research gaps and advancing the knowledge base can ultimately improve the lives of individuals
and communities.

Keywords: Research gap, Research gap analysis, Systematic literature review, Educational
studies

Introduction 2019; Farooq, 2017; Westgate et al., 2015;

Each research effort should Funk et al., 2005). There are several
include a research gap analysis since it studies on how to conduct gap analysis,
may be used to find gaps in the body of but they focus on areas outside education.
knowledge and lay the groundwork for Areas like the development of initiatives
fresh inquiries and lines of enquiry. (Biggeri & Ferrannini,
Research gap analysis entails identifying 2014),communication skills and self-
areas where there is a knowledge gap and insight (Calhoun et al., 2010), airport
where further study is required to close service quality (Tsai et al., 2011), and
the gap. Finding research gaps can be technology (Lawn et al., 2020). Only one
difficult, but doing so is a necessary first of the studies was related to education, it
step in expanding understanding and was on curriculum development in
encouraging evidence-based practice. It is nursing (Fater, 2013). This study was
one of the most difficult exercises for done outside Nigeria.
researchers to carry out (de Oliveira et al.,

239
 There seem to be a scarecity of Gap analysis is locating the
articles on conducting gap analysis in differences between the intended and
education field. To fill this gap, this article present states, figuring out what causes
aims to give a general introduction of such differences, and developing plans to
research gap analysis, including what it is, close those differences. To achieve their
the many gaps in the literature, and why it intended state, this method assists
is crucial to research. The paper's first businesses in identifying areas for
section will define research gap analysis development, prioritising their efforts, and
and discuss its importance in research. setting realistic targets. Gap analysis is
Following that, it will explain the many frequently used to evaluate the
categories of research gaps and the effectiveness and performance of systems,
significance of doing so. Also, the page processes, and projects in various
gives a general outline of how to disclose industries, including business
gaps and connect them to the research management, project management, and
goal. Readers will have a good grasp of information technology.
the many kinds of research gaps, how to Gap analysis in research refers to
spot them, and the possible effects that discovering the gaps in the body of
filling in the research gaps might have on information and literature concerning a
advancing knowledge in their particular certain study issue. Finding what has
domains are addressed in this article. already been studied but has not been
explored or answered is the aim of gap
Understanding Research Gap Analysis analysis in research. To find the unsolved
A gap exists in the existing body problems, discrepancies, or
of research literature where knowledge or inconsistencies in the current study, gap
information is lacking (Wallis & Wright, analysis in research entails a thorough
2020; Alordiah & Ikekhua, 2016). assessment of the literature. Researchers
Research gaps can be filled by developing can discover research gaps and create
new research questions and directions, research questions to help close them with
which can be determined by identifying the assistance of this review. Researcher
the areas that require additional study. designs can be made to fill the research
Gap analysis is a technique used to gaps and add to the body of knowledge
evaluate the discrepancies between a once those gaps have been identified.
system, process, or organisation's current Researchers can enhance their field of
state and its desired or expected state study and contribute significantly to the
(Jennings, 2000). The analysis is often body of literature by filling in the research
carried out by identifying and contrasting gaps. Gap analysis is a crucial part of
the current practices, methods, or results research since it aids in avoiding the
with those desirable or necessary for the replication of prior work, identifying new
system, process, or organisation to work topics for study, and ensuring that the
well. research is pertinent and significant to the
subject (Alordiah & Ikekhua, 2016).

240
Importance of identifying research gaps 5. Determining research gaps may also
1. Finding research gaps might aid in aid in determining how to allocate
advancing knowledge in a certain funds and resources. Researchers can
sector. Researchers can create new decide what needs to be done to close
research questions and directions that these gaps in research or empirical
can assist in addressing these gaps by evidence and present a case for
identifying places lacking funding and resource allocation by
information or expertise. This may identifying places with a dearth of
result in fresh thoughts, discoveries, both. This can result in a more
and a better comprehension of the focused and efficient use of resources
subject. and enable researchers to concentrate
2. By highlighting research gaps, the on areas that still require
evidence-based practice may be investigation.
strengthened. Researchers may 6. Finding research gaps might help you
decide what needs to be done to close make better decisions. Researchers
these gaps and advance evidence- can create new research questions
based practice by identifying areas and directions that can help guide
with a dearth of research or empirical decision-making by comprehending
data. Better decisions, better patient the body of existing literature and
outcomes, and more successful finding places where research has not
therapies may result. been done. This can result in better
3. Creativity and improved research informed and evidence-based
design might also result from decisions being made in various
identifying research gaps. industries, including business,
Researchers can create new strategies government policy, and the
and ways to close knowledge gaps by healthcare industry.
identifying areas with a dearth of 7. Finding research gaps can also aid in
research or empirical evidence. This strengthening the research
may result in a more fruitful study community. Researchers may work
design, better data collection and together to address gaps in the current
analysis, and fresh perspectives. literature and enhance knowledge in
4. Finding research gaps can also assist their respective domains by sharing
in avoiding duplicative research. information about research gaps and
Researchers can prevent repeating fostering cooperation. This may
previous studies by comprehending result in a more active and dynamic
the body of literature and recognising research community with increased
places where research has already opportunities for groundbreaking
been done. This can free up time, findings. (Jain & Chetty, 2023;
money, and effort for researchers to Alordiah & Ikekhua, 2016)
concentrate on areas still requiring
investigation.

241
Ways you can identify gaps in the current research and pinpoint areas
literature requiring more research.
1. Perform a systematic review: A 6. Do a pilot study: You can find gaps
systematic review entails a thorough in the literature and improve your
search of the body of knowledge on a research questions by carrying out
particular research subject to identify pilot investigations. You may utilise
and synthesise all relevant studies to pilot studies to uncover areas that
summarise the current state of need more research and gain
knowledge in that discipline. Using important insights to aid you in your
this method, you may find knowledge research. (LibGuides, 2022; Mathew,
gaps and topics that need more 2019; Alordiah & Ikekhua, 2016)
research.
2. Analyse the body of extant Types of Research Gaps
literature: Examine the literature that 1. Theoretical gaps
has already been written on your These are gaps in theoretical
subject to find where conflicts, understanding that need to be
inconsistencies, or knowledge gaps addressed. For example, a theoretical
exist. Search for unanswered gap may exist in understanding the
scientific topics or projects that might relationship between certain variables
be elaborated upon. in a particular field of study. To
3. Attend conferences and workshops overcome theoretical gaps,
relating to your research topic: researchers can conduct literature
Visiting conferences and workshops reviews, engage in theoretical
might help you spot gaps in the discussions with other experts in the
literature and fresh research concepts. field, and develop new conceptual
This might assist you in determining frameworks that can be tested
areas that need more research and empirically.
advanced expertise in your industry.
4. Contact subject-matter specialists: 2. Methodological gaps
To determine areas, where there are These are gaps in research methods
knowledge gaps or further study is that need to be addressed. For
required, consult subject-matter example, a methodological gap may
specialists. This might give you exist in the lack of standardised
insightful information and direct your methods for measuring a particular
attention to unanswered research variable. For example, a
concerns. methodological gap may exist in the
5. Consider recent developments: Be lack of qualitative research methods
abreast with recent advancements and in a study that primarily uses
trends in your industry. Consider how quantitative methods. To overcome
these advancements could affect methodological gaps, researchers can
develop new research methods or

242
 improve existing ones, test the 5. Data gaps
validity and reliability of These are gaps in the availability or
measurement tools, and collaborate quality of data on a particular
with other researchers to compare phenomenon.For example, a data gap
and validate methods. may exist in the lack of data on the
health outcomes of marginalised
3. Empirical gaps populations. For example, a data gap
These are gaps in empirical evidence may exist in the lack of reliable data
that need to be addressed. For on the prevalence of a particular
example, an empirical gap may exist disease in a certain population.
in the lack of research on the Researchers can collect new data
effectiveness of a particular through surveys, interviews, or other
intervention. For example, an research methods to overcome data
empirical gap may exist in a gaps, collaborate with data providers
particular theory's lack of empirical to improve data quality, and use
testing. To overcome empirical gaps, alternative data sources such as
researchers can conduct new administrative records or social
empirical studies to fill the gap, use media data.
alternative research methods, such as
meta-analyses, to synthesise existing 6. Interdisciplinary gaps
evidence, and collaborate with other These are gaps in understanding
researchers to conduct large-scale between different disciplines relevant
studies. to a particular phenomenon. For
example, an interdisciplinary gap
4. Conceptual gaps may exist in the lack of collaboration
These are gaps in the conceptual between medical and social science
understanding of a phenomenon. For researchers to study health
example, a conceptual gap may exist disparities. For example, an
in the lack of understanding of how interdisciplinary gap may exist in the
emotions influence decision-making. lack of collaboration between
To overcome conceptual gaps, researchers in environmental science
researchers can engage in theoretical and public health. To overcome
discussions to refine conceptual interdisciplinary gaps, researchers
definitions, conduct literature reviews can engage in interdisciplinary
to explore the conceptual landscape collaborations to gain new
of the phenomenon and develop new perspectives and insights, attend
conceptual frameworks that can be interdisciplinary conferences and
tested empirically. workshops to learn about new
research methods and approaches and
seek funding from interdisciplinary
research programs.

243
7. Ethical gaps research by a wider audience. To
These are gaps in ethical overcome publication gaps,
considerations in research. For researchers can choose open-access
example, an ethical gap may exist in or hybrid journals to maximise the
the lack of consideration for the accessibility of their research,
privacy rights of research participants collaborate with communication
in a study. To overcome ethical gaps, experts to develop effective
researchers can engage with communication strategies and use
institutional review boards or ethics different communication channels
committees to ensure that ethical such as social media, newsletters, or
considerations are addressed, seek podcasts to reach different audiences.
guidance from ethical guidelines and
principles, and communicate 10. Replication gap
transparently with research Replication gaps refer to gaps in the
participants about ethical replication of research findings to test
considerations in the research. their validity and reliability. For
example, a replication gap may exist
8. Knowledge translation gaps in the lack of replication studies of a
These are gaps in the application of particular research finding. To
research findings to real-world overcome replication gaps,
problems. For example, a knowledge researchers can engage in replication
translation gap may exist in the lack studies to test the validity and
of implementation of evidence-based reliability of research findings,
practices in clinical settings. To collaborate with other researchers to
overcome knowledge translation replicate studies and use replication
gaps, researchers can engage with frameworks to guide replication
stakeholders and end-users to identify studies.
implementation barriers and
facilitators, collaborate with 11. Literature gap
implementation experts to develop Literature gaps refer to gaps in the
strategies and use frameworks to availability or quality of existing
guide the implementation of literature on a particular topic. For
evidence-based practices. example, a literature gap may exist in
the lack of studies on a particular
9. Publication gap intervention in a specific population.
Publication gaps refer to gaps in the To overcome literature gaps,
dissemination of research findings. researchers can conduct systematic
For example, a publication gap may reviews or meta-analyses to
exist in the lack of publication of synthesise existing literature, engage
research findings in open-access in discussions with experts in the
journals, limiting access to the field to gain insight into existing

244
 literature and collaborate with other 14. Research design gap
researchers to fill gaps in the Research design gaps refer to gaps in
literature. the appropriateness or quality of the
research design. For example, a
12. Sample gap research design gap may exist in the
Sample gaps refer to gaps in the lack of control groups in a study to
representativeness or size of a sample test the efficacy of a particular
used in research. For example, a intervention. To overcome research
sample gap may exist in the lack of design gaps, researchers can engage
diversity in the study sample, limiting in discussions with colleagues to gain
the generalizability of the research insight into different research
findings. To overcome sample gaps, designs, collaborate with experts in
researchers can use representative research design to develop
sampling techniques to increase the appropriate research designs, and use
diversity and representativeness of research design frameworks to guide
the sample, use power analysis to the development of research designs.
determine the appropriate sample
size, and use different sampling 15. Interpretation gap
strategies such as stratified or cluster Interpretation gaps refer to gaps in
sampling to improve the quality of the interpretation of research
the sample. findings. For example, an
interpretation gap may exist in the
13. Statistical gap misinterpretation of statistical results
Statistical gaps refer to gaps in using in a study. To overcome
or applying statistical research interpretation gaps, researchers can
methods. For example, a statistical engage in discussions with colleagues
gap may exist in the lack of to gain insight into different
multivariate statistical methods to interpretations of research findings,
analyse complex data. To overcome collaborate with statistical experts to
statistical gaps, researchers can interpret statistical results accurately
engage in statistical discussions with and use interpretation frameworks to
colleagues to gain insight into guide the interpretation of research
different statistical methods, attend findings.
statistical workshops or conferences
to learn about new statistical methods 16. Outlier gap
and approaches and collaborate with Outlier gaps refer to gaps in the
statistical experts to gain a more treatment of outliers in research. For
comprehensive understanding of example, an outlier gap may exist in
statistical methods. statistical analysis's lack of
appropriate treatment of outliers. To
overcome outlier gaps, researchers

245
 can use appropriate statistical comprehensive summary of existing
methods to detect outliers, engage in literature on a specific research
discussions with statistical experts to question or topic. This section can
gain insight into the treatment of help you identify gaps in the
outliers and use outlier treatment literature by highlighting
frameworks to guide the treatment of inconsistencies, contradictions, or
outliers in research. areas where further research is
needed.
17. Citation gap
Citation gaps refer to gaps in the 3. Research questions and hypotheses
citation of existing literature in A research paper's research questions
research. For example, a citation gap and hypotheses can help you identify
may exist in the lack of citation of gaps in the literature by specifying
recent literature on a particular topic the specific aspects of the research
in a study. To overcome citation problem the study aims to investigate.
gaps, researchers can conduct These questions and hypotheses can
literature reviews to identify relevant help you identify areas where
literature, use citation management existing research is lacking and new
tools to manage citations, and use research is needed.
citation guidelines to ensure
appropriate citation of existing 4. Methods
literature in research. (Miles, 2017; A research paper's methods section
Muller-Bloch & Kranz, 2015; Jacobs, describes the research design, data
2011; Robinson et al., 2011) collection methods, and data analysis
techniques used in the study. This
Identifying gaps in the literature: A section can help you identify gaps in
guide through the sections of a research the literature by highlighting areas
article where the methods used in previous
1. Introduction studies may be insufficient or where
The introduction section of a research new methods are needed.
paper provides an overview of the
research problem and the rationale 5. Results
for the study. This section can help The results section of the research
you identify gaps in the literature by paper describes the findings of the
discussing existing research and study. This section can help you
highlighting areas that require further identify gaps in the literature by
investigation. highlighting inconsistencies or
contradictions in the results or
2. Literature review identifying areas where further
The literature review section of a research is needed to confirm or
research paper provides a expand upon the findings.

246
6. Limitations specific research question or issue the
The limitations section of a research study aims to address. The abstract
paper discusses the potential may also briefly describe the research
weaknesses or limitations of the methods used in the study. This can
study. These limitations can help you provide insights into gaps in the
identify gaps in the literature by literature by highlighting the
highlighting areas where further strengths and limitations of the
research is needed to address these methods used and identifying areas
limitations. For example, a study may where further research is needed to
have limitations due to sample size, address any limitations. The abstract
data collection methods, or may also include a summary of the
measurement tools, which can study's key findings. This can help
suggest areas for future research. you identify gaps in the literature by
highlighting inconsistencies or
7. Conclusion contradictions in the findings or
The research paper's conclusion identifying areas where further
summarises the study's main findings research is needed to confirm or
and implications. This section can expand upon the results. (LibGuides,
help you identify gaps in the 2022; Mathew, 2019)
literature by highlighting areas where
the study's findings differ from or Challenges in Identifying Research
confirm previous research and where Gaps:
new questions or areas for further 1. Subjectivity: Identifying research
investigation are identified. gaps is often subjective and
dependent on the researcher's
8. Recommendations perspective. Researchers may have
The recommendation section of a different opinions about what
research paper provides suggestions constitutes a research gap, which can
for future research based on the lead to conflicting or inconsistent
study's findings. This section can findings.
help you identify gaps in the
literature by highlighting areas where 2. Limited Resources: Conducting a
further research is needed to address comprehensive literature review to
unanswered questions or confirm the identify research gaps can be time-
study's findings. consuming and resource-intensive,
requiring access to a wide range of
9. Abstract published materials and tools.
The abstract typically includes a Limited access to resources, such as
statement of the research problem, databases and research materials, can
which can help you identify gaps in limit the effectiveness of research gap
the literature by highlighting the analysis.

247
3. Time Constraints: Time constraints designs, methodologies, or data
can also challenge identifying collection techniques.
research gaps. The research process 5. Start by providing context for the
can be time-consuming, and research question or the area of study.
researchers may not have enough This could include a brief review of
time to analyse existing literature or the literature, the research objectives,
explore potential research gaps and the significance of the study.
thoroughly. (Jain & Chetty, 2023; Mathew, 2019)
4. The complexity of Research Topics:
In some fields, research topics can be How to relate gaps to the study purpose
complex and multifaceted, making it 1. Identify the study purpose: Start by
challenging to identify research gaps. clearly identifying the purpose of the
It may require significant effort to study. This could include the research
analyse and synthesise the literature question, the hypothesis, or the
to identify research gaps and objectives.
potential areas for future research. 2. Explain the gaps: Elaborate on the
(Farooq, 2017; Funk et al., 2005) gaps that were identified in the study
and explain how they relate to the
How to report gaps in a research article study's purpose. This could include
1. Start by clearly identifying the gap or areas where the study did not fully
the research question your study did address the research question or
not address or answer. This could be where the results were inconclusive.
an unresolved issue, a study 3. Discuss the implications: Explain
limitation, or an area that requires the potential implications of the gaps
further investigation. in the study purpose. This could
2. Once you have identified the gap, include the impact on the validity or
explain its significance. This could be reliability of the study results or the
in terms of its impact on the research study's relevance to the research
field, the practical implications, or field.
the relevance to the study's 4. Propose solutions: Finally, propose
objectives. solutions or future research directions
3. Offer explanations for the gap or why to address the identified gaps and
the research question was not fully contribute to the study purpose. This
answered. This could include study could include suggestions for new
design limitations, sample size, data research questions, alternative study
collection, or other methodological designs, or improved data collection
factors. techniques.
4. Finally, propose future research (Jain & Chetty, 2023; Alordiah &
directions to address the identified Ikekhua, 2016)
gap. This could include suggestions
for further research questions, study

248
Implications of the study maximise their potential. It also
The implications of this study are: highlights the opportunities for
1. Importance of Research Gap innovation and contribution to the
Analysis: The study highlights the knowledge base that research gap
importance of conducting research analysis provides.
gap analysis as a necessary first step 5. Prioritising Research Gap
in expanding understanding and Analysis: The study recommends that
encouraging evidence-based practice. researchers and practitioners
It emphasises that researchers must prioritise research gap analysis in
identify areas where there is a their work to improve evidence-based
knowledge gap and where further practice and advance knowledge.
study is required to close the gap. This includes developing new
2. Types of Research Gaps: The study research methods and approaches to
discusses the different types of address specific research gaps or
research gaps that exist in the conducting further research on
literature and how researchers can existing ones.
identify and connect them to their
research goals. This information can Conclusion
assist researchers in developing new In conclusion, this paper has
research methods and approaches that explored the importance of research gap
can address specific research gaps or analysis in advancing knowledge and
conducting further research on improving evidence-based practice. The
existing gaps. study began by defining research gaps
3. Advancements and Improvements: analysis and discussing the gaps in the
By addressing research gaps, the literature. We then explored ways to
study suggests that researchers and identify research gaps. The paper also
practitioners can lead to significant discussed the challenges and opportunities
advancements and improvements in a associated with research gap analysis.
field. By contributing to the Finally the paper includes how to present
knowledge base, impacting evidence- research gaps and relate them to the study
based practice, and creating purpose. Overall, the findings of this
opportunities for future research, paper highlight the critical importance of
addressing research gaps can improve addressing research gaps in advancing
our understanding of complex issues knowledge and improving evidence-based
and ultimately improve the lives of practice. By contributing to the
individuals and communities. knowledge base, impacting evidence-
4. Challenges and Opportunities: The based practice, and creating opportunities
study acknowledges the challenges for future research, addressing research
associated with research gap analysis gaps can lead to significant advancements
and suggests that researchers and and improvements in a field. The
practitioners must address them to challenges associated with research gap

249
analysis must be addressed to maximise 4. Researchers should present research
its potential. However, the opportunities gaps and relate them to the study
for innovation and contribution to the purpose to show the significance of
knowledge base make it a critical addressing the gap and how it will
endeavour for researchers and contribute to the knowledge base.
practitioners alike. Moving forward, it is 5. Researchers should develop new
essential that researchers and practitioners research methods and approaches to
prioritise research gap analysis in their address specific research gaps or
work. This may include developing new conduct further research on existing
research methods and approaches that can ones.
address specific research gaps or 6. Practitioners should also prioritise
conducting further research on existing research gap analysis to ensure that
gaps. By addressing research gaps and the most up-to-date research and
advancing the knowledge base, we can knowledge inform evidence-based
improve our understanding of complex practice.
issues, develop effective interventions and
approaches, and ultimately improve the
lives of individuals and communities.

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