Shivganga Charitable Trusts
VISHVESHWARAYA TECHNICAL CAMPUS, PATGAON (MIRAJ)
A SEMINAR REPORT ON
“Li-Fi Technology"
Submitted to,
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere
In the fullfillment of the requirement for the award of
Second Year B.Tech
Submitted by,
Miss. Pratima T. Salgar
Under the Guidance of,
Mr. S. D. Kadam
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Vishveshwaraya Technical Campus,
Patgaon
2023-2024
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives us great pleasure while presenting this Seminar report on "Li-Fi Technology". We are indeed
grateful to H.O.D of our Computer Engineering Department Prof. . S. D. Kadam for being an
effective source of inspiration.
A sense of prevailing satisfaction and achievement envelopes the whole feeling of having
completed the paper work under the guidance of Prof. S. D. Kadam, we wish to express our respect,
deep sense of gratitude regard to her for this valuable guidance, keep interest and Co-operation
without which it would have been impossible to accomplish this project successfully. It was indeed
great experience to work under her guidance. Also I am very thankful to the Honourable Director
Dr. I. N. Yadav sir for his continuous encouragement.
Place: Patgaon
Date:
Shivganga Charitable Trusts
VISHVESHWARAYA TECHNICAL CAMPUS, PATGAON (MIRAJ)
CERTIFICATE
This is to Certified that Ms. Pratima T. Salgar a student of S.E.(Computer Engineering), Roll No
241 has successfully completed seminar work entitled “ Li-Fi Technology" towards the partial
fulfillment of B. Tech(Computer Engineering) course as per the rules laid down by Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere for year 2023-2024.This report represents the benefited
work carried out by the student.
Prof. S. D. Kadam Prof. . S. D. Kadam Dr. I. N. Yadav
Guide Head of Department Director
Abstract of Li-Fi Technology
Whether you’re using wireless internet in a coffee shop, stealing it from the guy next door, or
competing for bandwidth at a conference, you’ve probably gotten frustrated at the slow speeds
you face when more than one device is tapped into the network. As more and more people and
their many devices access wireless internet, clogged airwaves are going to make it increasingly
difficult to latch onto a reliable signal.
But radio waves are just one part of the spectrum that can carry our data. What if we could use
other waves to surf the internet? One German physicist, DR. Harald Haas, has come up with a
solution he calls “Data Through Illumination”—taking the fiber out of fiber optics by sending
data through an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow. It’s
the same idea behind infrared remote controls, but far more powerful.
Haas says his invention, which he calls D-Light, can produce data rates faster than 10 megabits
per second, which is speedier than your average broadband connection. He envisions a future
where data for laptops, smart phones, and table this transmitted through the light in a room.
And security would be a snap—if you can’t see the light, you can’t access the data.
Li-Fi is a VLC, visible light communication, technology developed by a team of scientists
including Dr Gordon Povey, Prof. Harald Haas and Dr Mostafa Again at the University of
Edinburgh. The term Li-Fi was coined by Prof. Haas when he amazed people by streaming high-
definition video from a standard LED lamp, at TED Global in July 2011. Li-Fi is now part of the
Visible Light Communications(VLC) PANIEEE 802.15.7 standard.
“Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED lightbulbs. These devices are normally used
for illumination by applying a constant current through the LED. However, by fast and subtle
variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high speeds.
Unseen by the human eye, this variations used to carry high-speed data,” says Dr
Povey,Product Manager of the University of Edinburgh's Li-Fi Program ‘D-Light Project’.
Introduction
In simple terms, Li-Fi can be thought of as a light-based Wi-Fi. That is, it uses light instead of
radio waves to transmit information. And instead of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceiver-
fitted LED lamps that can light a room as well as transmit and receive information. Since simple
light bulbs are used, there can technically be any number of access points.
This technology uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not greatly utilized- The
Visible Spectrum. Light is in fact very much part of our lives for millions and millions of year sand
does not have any major ill effect. Moreover there is 10,000 times more space available in this
spectrum and just counting on the bulbs in use, it also multiplies to 10,000 times more availability
as an infrastructure, globally.
It is possible to encode data in the light by varying the rate at which the LEDs flicker on and off to
give different strings of 1s and 0s. The LED intensity is modulated so rapidly that human eyes
cannot notice, so the output appears constant.
More sophisticated techniques could dramatically increase VLC data rates. Teams at the University
of Oxford and the University of Edinburgh are focusing on parallel data transmission using arrays
of LEDs, where each LED transmits a different data stream. Other groups are
usingmixturesofred,greenandblueLEDstoalterthelight'sfrequency,witheachfrequencyencodingadiff
erent data channel.
Li-Fi, as it has been dubbed, has already achieved blisteringly high speeds in the lab.
ResearchersattheHeinrichHertzInstituteinBerlin,Germany,havereacheddataratesofover500megabyt
es per second using a standard white-light LED. Haas has set up a spin-off firm to sell a consumer
VLC transmitter that is due for launch next year. It is capable of transmitting data at100MB/s -faster
than most UK broadband connections.
Genesis of LI-FI
Harald Haas, a professor at the University of Edinburgh who began his research in the field
in2004, gave a debut demonstration of what he called a Li-Fi prototype at the TED Global
conference in Edinburgh on 12th July2011. He used table land with an LED bulb to transmit a
video of blooming flowers that was then projected onto a screen behind him.
During the event he periodically blocked the light from lamp to prove that the lamp was indeed
the source of incoming data. At TED Global, Haas demonstrated a data rate of transmission of
around 10Mbps -- comparable to a fairly good UK broadband connection. Two months later
heachieved123Mbps.
How Li-Fi Works?
Li-Fi is typically implemented using white LED light bulbs at the downlink transmitter. These
devices are normally used for illumination only by applying a constant current. However, by fast
and subtle variations of the current, the optical output can be made to vary at extremely high
speeds.
This very property of optical current is used in Li-Fi setup. The operational procedure is very
simple-, if the LED is on, you transmit a digital 1, if it’s off you transmit a 0. The LEDs can be
switched on and off very quickly, which gives nice opportunities for is some LED sand a controller
that code data into transmitting data. Hence all that is required those LEDs. All one has to do is to
vertebrate at which the LED’s flicker depending upon the data we want to encode.
Further enhancements can be made in this method, like using an array of LEDs for parallel data
transmission, or using mixtures of red, green and blue LEDs to alter the light’s frequency with each
frequency encoding adifferentdatachannel.Suchadvancementspromiseatheoreticalspeedof 10
Gaps– meaning one can download full high-definition film in just 30 seconds.
To further get a grasp of Li-Fi consider an IR remote.(fig 3.3). It sends a single data stream of bits
at the rate of 10,000-20,000 bps. Now replace the IR LED with a Light Box containing a large
LED array. This system, fig 3.4, is capable of sending thousands of such streams at very fast rate.
Light is inherently safe and can be used in places where radio frequency communication is often
deemed problematic, such as in aircraft cabins or hospitals. So visible light communication not
only has the potential to solve the problem of lack of spectrum space, but can also enable
novelapplication.Thevisiblelightspectrumisunused,it'snotregulated,andcanbeusedforcommunicati
onat very high speeds.
Application of Li-Fi Technology
You Might Just Live Longer
You Might Just Live Longer For a long time, medical technology has lagged behind the rest of
the wireless world. Operating rooms do not allow Wi-Fi over radiation concerns, and there is
also that whole lack of dedicated spectrum. While Wi-Fi is in place in many hospitals,
interference fromcellphonesandcomputerscanblocksignalsfrommonitoringequipment.
Li-Fi solves both problems: lights are not only allowed in operating rooms, but tend to be the
most glaring (unintended) fixtures in the room. And, as Haas mentions in his TED Talk, Li-Fi
has 10,000 times the spectrum of Wi-Fi, so maybe we can, I dun no, delegate red light to
priority medical data. Code Red!
Airlines
Airline Wi-Fi. Ugh. Nothing says captive audience like having to pay for the "service" of dial
up speed Wi-Fi on the plane. And don’t get me started on the pricing.
The best I’ve heard so far is that passengers will "soon" be offered a "high-speed like"
airlines. United’s planning on speeds as high as9.8Mbps per plane.
Uh, I have twice that capacity in my living room. And at the same price as checking a bag,
Expect it. Li-Fi could easily introduce that sort of speed to each seat's reading light. I’ll be the
guy Wowing next to you. Its better than listening to you tell me about your wildly successful
son, ma’am.
Smarter Power Plants
Wi-Fi and many other radiation types are bad for sensitive areas. Like those surrounding
powerplants. But power plants need fast, inter-connected data systems to monitor things like
demand,gridintegrityand(innuclearplants)coretemperature.Thesavingsfrompropermonitoring at a
single power plant can add up to hundreds of thousands of dollars.
Li-Fi could offer safe, abundant connectivity for all areas of these sensitive locations. Not only
would this save money related to currently implemented solutions, but the draw on a
powerplant’s own reserves could be lessened if they haven’t yet converted to LED lighting.
Undersea Awesomeness
Underwater ROVs, those favorite toys of treasure seekers and James Cameron, operate from
large cables that supply their power and allow them to receive signals from their pilots above.
ROVs work great, except when the other isn’t long enough to explore an area, or when it gets
stuck on something.
If their wires were cut and replaced with light say from a submerged, high-powered lamp then
they would be much freer to explore. They could also use their headlamps to communicate with
each other, processing data autonomously and referring findings periodically back to the
surface, all the while obtaining their next batch of orders.
It Could Keep You Informed and Save Lives
Say there’s an earthquake in New York. Or a hurricane. Take your pick —it’s a wacky city. The
average New Yorker may not know what the protocols are for those kinds of disasters. Until they
pass under a street light, that is.
Remember, with Li-Fi, if there’s light, you’re online. Subway stations and tunnels, common dead
zones for most emergency communications, pose no obstruction. Plus, in times less stress sing
cities could opt to provide cheap high speed to every street corner.
How it is different?
Li-Fi technology is based on LEDs for the transfer of data. The transfer of the data can be with
the help of all kinds of light, no matter the part of the spectrum that they belong. That is, the light
can belong to the invisible, ultraviolet or the visible part of the spectrum. Also, the speed of the
internet is incredibly high and you can download movies, games, music etc. in just a few minutes
with the help of this technology.
Also, the technology removes limitations that have been put on the user by the Wi-Fi. You no
more need to be in a region that is Wi-Fi enabled to have access to the internet. You can simply
stand under any form of light and surf the internet as the connection is made in case of any light
presence. There cannot be any thing better than this technology.
Uses in Various Areas
Can be used in the places where it is difficult to lay the optical fiber like hospitals. In operation
theatre Li-Fi can be used for modern medical instruments. In traffic signals LiFi can be used
which will communicate with the LED lights of the cars and accident numbers can be decreased.
Thousand and millions of street lamps can be transferred to LiFi lamps to transfer data. In
aircraft LiFi can be used for data transmission. It can be used in petrol neurochemical plants
where other transmission or frequencies could be hazardous.
Advantages of LI-FI
• Li-Fi can solve problems related to the insufficiency of radio frequency band width
because this technology uses Visible light spectrum that has still not been greatly utilized.
• High data transmission rates ofupto10Gbps can be achieved. Since light cannot penetrate
walls, it provides privacy and security that Wi-Fi cannot. Li-Fi has low implementation and
maintenance costs.
• It is safe for humans since light, unlike radio frequencies, cannot penetrate human body.
Hence, concerns of cell mutation are mitigated.
Disadvantage of LI-FI
• Light can't pass through objects.
• A major challenge facing Li-Fi is how the receiving device will transmit back to
transmitter. High installation cost of the VLC systems.
• Interferences from external light sources like sun, light, normal bulbs, opaque materials.
Conclusion
The possibilities are numerous and can be explored further. If his technology can be put
into practical use, every bulb can be used something like a Wi-Fi hotspot to transmit
wireless data and we will proceed toward the cleaner, greener, safer and brighter future.
The concept of Li-Fi is currently attracting a great deal of interest, not least because it may
offer a genuine and very efficient alternative to radio-based wireless. As a growing number of
people and their many devices access wireless internet, the air waves are becoming increasingly
clogged, making it more and more difficult to get a reliable, high-speed signal. This may solve
issues such as the shortage of radio-frequency bandwidth and also allow internet where
traditional radio based wireless isn’t allowed such as aircraft or hospitals. One of the short
comings however is that it only work in direct line of sight.
