412 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities

 sin2   2 sin  1  0
 (sin  1)2  0  sin  1
Required value of
1
sin10   cosec10   (1)10  10  2 .
(1)
Fundamental trigonometrical ratios and
functions, Trigonometrical ratio of allied angles 13. (c) sin2   cosec2  (sin  cosec )2  2 sin cosec

 (2)2  2  4  2  2, since (sin   cosec  )  2 .

1. (c) Given that radius (r)  3 m and arc (d )  1m
arc 1
14. (c) n(m 2  1)  (sec  cosec ).2 sin cos
We know that Angle   radian .
radius 3 (  m 2  1  2 sin cos )
2. (b) Given that diameter of circular wire = 14cm sin  cos
 .2 sin cos  2m .
Therefore length of circular wire = 14 cm. sin . cos

arc 14  7 15. (a) sin  cos  1

 Required angle   
radius 12 6 Squaring on both sides, we get
7 180 o
 .  210 o .  sin2   cos2   2 sin cos  1
6 
arc 15  sin cos  0 .
3. (b) Angle   cm
radius (3 / 4 ) 24 7 24
16. (c) sin   cos  , tan  
25 25 7
 Radius = 20 cm.
25 24
4. (d) The quadratic equation is x 2  x cos  1  0  sec  tan     7
7 7
But x is real, therefore B 2  4 AC  0 11 2
17. (c) cosec A  cot A   cosec A  cot A 
 cos   4(1)(1)  cos   4 , which is impossible.
2 2 2 11
117 44
1 Therefore 2 cot A   tan A  .
5. (c) Incorrect statement is sec  , because value of 22 117
2
4
sec is always  1 . 18. (c) 5 tan   4  tan  
5
6. (b) Options (a), (c), (d) are false but (b) is correct. i.e.,
4 5
 sin  and cos 
tan   1002 possible. 41 41
7. (b) We have (a  b)2  4 ab sin2  4 5
5 3
(a  b)2 5 sin  3 cos 41 41
 sin2    1  (a  b)2  4 ab  0 
4 ab 5 sin  2 cos 5  4  2  5
41 41
 (a  b)2  0  a  b.
20  15 5 1
  .
8. (a) Since cos2   1 20  10 30 6
4 xy 20 21
sec2    1  4 xy  (x  y)2  (x  y)2  0 19. (c) tan    cos   .
(x  y)2 21 29
It is possible only when x  y , ( x, y  R) .   24  7
2
20. (b) cos x  1  sin 2 x  1    
9. (a) It is obvious.  25  25

10. (b) The true relation is sin 1  sin 1  sin x 24

 tan x   .
cos x 7
 
Since value of sin is increasing 0   . 9 25
 2 21. (b) Since cosec2  1  cot 2   1  
16 16
11. (a) tan 1  tan 2 .... tan 89 
 4
 tan    
 (tan 1 tan 89 )(tan 2 tan 88 )......  1  1  1 ....  1 .  3
12. (d) We have, 1 16 4
sin 2     sin   ,
cosec 
2
25 5
sin  cosec  2  sin2   1  2 sin
 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities 413
4 3
Both the values are acceptable, since tan    and cos A   . Thus, 2 cot A  5 cos A  sin A
3 5
i.e.,  lies in 2nd or 4 th quadrant.  3  3  4 23
 2    5     .
 4  5  5 10
1
22. (c) sin   and tan   1
2 28. (b) We have sin x  sin y  3 (cos y  cos x)
 sin x  3 cos x  3 cos y  sin y …..(i)
 sin  sin 225     225 
 r cos (x  )  r cos (y  ),
Since sin is ve and tan  is ve in third quadrant.
1
4 where r  10 , tan  
23. (b) Given that sin   and  lies in the III quadrant. 3
5
 x    (y  )  x  y or x  y  2
16 3
 cos   1  
sin 3 x  sin 3 y
25 5 Clearly, x   y satisfies (i);    1 .
sin 3 y sin 3 y
 1  cos  13/5 1
cos   
2 2 2 5 29. (a) We have sin A, cos A and tan A are in G.P.
 1  sin 2 A
But cos  . since will be in II quadrant. cos 2 A  sin A tan A   cos 3 A  sin 2 A  0
2 5 2 cos A
 1 Hence cos 3 A  cos 2 A  sin 2 A  cos 2 A  1
Hence cos  .
2 5
 1  sin   1  sin 
24.
1
(a) sin(   )   sin 30       30  …..(i) 30. (b)     is the sum of two positive
2  1  sin    1  sin 
1 quantities and hence the result must be positive. But
and cos(   )       60  …..(ii)
2 
for     , we have the sum equal to
Solving (i) and (ii), we get   45  and   15  . 2
1  sin   1  sin  2
Trick : In such type of problems, students should  ; which is negative.
1  sin 
2 cos 
satisfy the given conditions with the values given in
the options. Here   45  and   15  satisfy both (  cos is negative for  lying in 2nd quadrant). So

the conditions. the required positive value

2  
25. (c) We have tan   
1
, therefore  is in IV quadrant.   2 sec ,       .
cos 2 
10
So cos  ve . sin cos sin . sin cos . cos
31. (d)   
1  cot  1  tan  sin  cos cos  sin
1
Now 1  tan 2   sec2   1   sec2 
10 (cos 2   sin 2  )
  cos  sin .
11  10  (cos   sin )
 sec 2    cos     .
10  11  32. (b) tan   sec  e x …..(i)
26. (b) Squaring the given relation and putting tan   t,  sec   tan   e  x …..(ii)
(m  2) t  2(m  2)(2m  1)t  (2m  1)  (2m  1) (1  t )
2 2 2 2 2
From (i) and (ii),
 3 (1  m 2 ) t 2  (4 m 2  6 m  4 ) t  8 m  0
2
2 sec  e x  e  x  cos  .
 (3 t  4 )[(1  m 2 ) t  2m ]  0 , e x  ex
4
which is true if t  tan   or tan   2
2m
. 33. (a) We have cos  sin  2 sin
3 m 1
4  cos  ( 2  1) sin  ( 2  1) cos  sin
27. (d) 3 tan A  4  0  tan A  
3  2 cos  cos  sin  sin  cos  2 cos .
tan A 4 / 3 4
 sin A     1
1  tan A
2 1  16 / 9 5 34. (b) sec   tan   p  sec   tan  
p
( A is in 2nd quadrant) 1
Subtracting second from first, we get 2 tan   p 
p
 414 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities
p2 1 assumed values, the options must have different
 tan   .
2p values.
35. (b) Given that x  sec  tan  41. (b) Given expression

x 
1
 sec  tan  
1 
2 sin
tan  (1  tan  )  sec  
2

x sec  tan  (1  tan  ) 2

 sec  tan   sec  tan   2 sec 

2 sin
tan   tan 2

  1  tan 2  
2 sin
1  tan 
.
(1  tan  ) 2
1
36. (d) We have, x   2 cos  42. (d) The expression can be written as
x
1 1  cos y  sin 2 y (1  cos 2 y )  sin 2 y
x2   2  4 cos 2  . 
x2 1  cos y sin y (1  cos y )
1 cos y (1  cos y )
x2   4 cos 2   2 ,   0  cos y.
x2 1  cos y
1 43. (a) Given that 2y cos  x sin …..(i)
x2   2(2 cos 2   1)  2 cos 2
x2 and 2 x sec  y cosec  3 …..(ii)
1
Similarly x  n  2 cos n  .
n

2x

y
3
x cos sin
1 1 1  2 x sin  y cos  3 sin cos  0 …..(iii)
37. (b) Given that cos    x    x   2 cos
2 x x
2
Solving (i) and (iii), we get y  sin  and x  2 cos
1  1
We know that x  2
 x    2 Now, x 2  4 y 2  4 cos 2   4 sin 2 
x2  x
 4 (cos 2   sin 2  )  4 .
 (2 cos  ) 2  2  4 cos 2   2  2 cos 2
1 2 1  1 44. (d) tan A  cot A  4
  x  2    2 cos 2  cos 2
2 x  2  tan 2 A  cot 2 A  2 tan A cot A  16

38. (d) We have  tan 2 A  cot 2 A  14  tan 4 A  cot 4 A  2  196

e log 10 tan 1o  log 10 tan 2o  log 10 tan 3 o  ..........  log 10 tan 89 o  tan 4 A  cot 4 A  194 .
1o tan 2o tan 3 o..... tan 89 o )
 e log 10 (tan  e log 10 1
 eo  1 45. (b) We have xy  (sec   tan ) (cosec   cot )
cos x sin x cos x  sin 2 x 2
1  sin  1  cos 
39. (c) cot x  tan x     .
sin x cos x sin x cos x cos  sin 
2 cos 2 x 1  sin   cos   sin  cos   sin  cos 
  2 cot 2 x .  xy  1 
sin 2 x cos  sin 
1  sin A  cos A 1  sin   cos 
40. (c)  …..(i)
1  sin A  cos A cos  sin 
A A A
2 sin2 2 sin cos x  y  (sec  tan )  (cosec   cot )
 2 2 2
A A A 1  sin  1  cos  sin   sin 2   cos   cos 2 
2 cos2  2 sin cos   
2 2 2 cos  sin  cos  sin 
A A A sin   cos   1
2 sin  sin  cos   …..(ii)
2 2 2 A cos  sin 
 = tan .
A A A 2
2 cos  cos  sin  Adding (i) and (ii) we get, xy  1  (x  y)  0
2 2 2
y 1
x  .
Trick : Put A  60 o . y 1
1  ( 3 / 2)  (1 / 2) 1 3 x sin 
Then  
1 46. (b) We have tan  
1  ( 3 / 2)  (1 / 2) 3 3 3 1  x cos 
1
60 o 1  tan   tan  cos   sin 
which is given by option (c), i.e. tan  x
2 3
1 sin   cos  tan  y sin
  and tan  
Note : Students should remember at the time of x tan  1  y cos
assuming the values of A, B, , ..... etc. that, for the
 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities 415
sin 1  a 2 (cos 2   sin 2  )  b 2 (cos 2   sin 2  )
 tan    tan   tan  cos   sin 
1 y
 cos  2ab (cos  sin   sin  cos  )  m 2  n 2
y
1 Hence, a 2  b 2  m 2  n 2 .
 tan   sin   tan  cos 
y Trick : Here we can guess that the value of a 2  b 2
1 sin  tan  cos is independent of , so put any suitable value of  i.e.
 
y tan  
, so that bm and a  n. Hence
x  tan    sin  tan  cos   2
Now   
y  sin   cos  tan    tan   a 2  b 2  m 2  n 2 . (Also check for other value of ).
1/3 1/3
 sin   x y
sin   cos  51. (c)    cos ,    sin
tan   cos   tan  cos  sin  a b
   
tan   sin   tan  cos  sin  Now square and add.
 sin   cos  
 cos   52. (a) As given
Aliter : x sin  tan   x cos tan  1
 tan   m  1  tan 2   m tan 
tan  tan 
x 
sin   cos  tan   sec 2   m tan  …..(i)
sin sin and sec   cos   n  sec   1  n sec 2
 
cos sin   cos  sin sin (   )
 tan 2   n sec 
sin  x sin
Similarly, y  ;  .  tan 4   n 2 sec 2   n 2 . m tan  {by (i)}
sin (   ) y sin 
2 sin cos  tan   n m , ( tan   0)
3 2

47. (d) p  ,q

1  cos  sin 1  sin  tan   (n 2 m )1 / 3 …..(ii)
cos 2 sin Also, sec   m tan   m (n m )
2 2 1/3
{by (i) and (ii)}
 pq    p  q  1.
1  sin 1  sin  cos
 Using the identity sec   tan   1
2 2
48. (d) (m  n)  2 tan  , m  n  2 sin
 m (mn 2 )1 / 3  (n 2 m ) 2 / 3  1
 m 2  n 2  4 tan  . sin  …..(i)
 m (mn 2 )1 / 3  n (nm 2 )1 / 3  1 .
4 mn  4 tan   sin   4 sin . tan 
2 2
…..(ii)
53. (c) sin 6   cos 6   3 sin 2  cos 2 
From (i) and (ii), m  n  4 mn .
2 2
 (sin2   cos2  )3  3 sin2  cos2   3 sin2  cos2   1.
a
49. (a) Given that tan   Trick : Put   0 o , we get the value of expression
b
1  tan 2  b 2  a2 equal to 1. Again put   45 o , the value remains 1, it
and cos 2  
1  tan 2  b 2  a2 means that the expression is independent of  and is

sin   
a
, cos   
b equal to 1.
a b
2 2
a  b2
2
54. (b) (sin 2   cos 2  )3  (1)3
     sin 6   cos 6   3 sin 2  cos 2   1
 a   b 
   
sin  cos  a b
2 2
  a b
2 2
 and sin 4   cos 4   2 sin 2  cos 2   1
Now,   
cos 8
sin 
8
 
8
 
8
 b   a  Both gives,
   
 a b
2 2
  a b
2 2
 2 (sin 6   cos 6  )  3 (sin 4   cos 4  )  1  0 .
a (a 2  b 2 ) 4 b (a 2  b 2 )4 55. (c) We have, sin x  sin 2 x  1
 
b (a  b )
8 2 2 1/2
a (a  b )
8 2 2 1/2
or sin x  1  sin 2 x or sin x  cos 2 x
(a 2  b 2 ) 4  a b   cos 12 x  3 cos 10 x  3 cos 8 x  cos 6 x  2
   8 .
2  b8 
a b
2 a
 sin 6 x  3 sin 5 x  3 sin 4 x  sin 3 x  2
50. (c) Given that a cos  b sin  m  (sin2 x )3  3(sin2 x )2 sin x
and a sin  b cos  n.  3(sin2 x )(sin x )2  (sin x )3  2
Squaring and adding, we get  (sin 2 x  sin x )3  2  (1)3  2
(a cos   b sin  ) 2  (a sin   b cos  ) 2  m 2  n 2 [ sin x  sin2 x  1(given)]
 416 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities
= – 1. 63. (d) Given that tan   cot   a …..(i)
56. (a) cos x  cos x  1  cos x  sin x
2 2
and sin  cos  b …..(ii)
 sin x  sin x  cos x  cos x  1 .
2 4 2
Now (b 2  1)2 (a 2  4 )
57. (d) We have sin x  sin 2 x  1  sin x  cos 2 x  
2
 (sin  cos )2  1 (tan   cot  )2  4 
 cos x  2 cos x  cos x  sin x  2 sin x  sin x
8 6 4 4 3 2
 [1  sin 2  1]2 [tan 2   cot 2   2  4 ]
 (sin x  sin 2 x )2  1 .
 sin 2 2 (cosec2  sec2  )
58. (c) We have x sin 3   y cos 3   sin  cos  …..(i)
 1 1 
and x sin  y cos  0 …..(ii)  4 sin 2  cos 2   2  2 
4.
 sin  cos  
Now from (ii), x sin  y cos Trick : Obviously the value of expression
Putting in (i), we get (b  1) (a  4 ) is independent of  , therefore put
2 2 2

 y cos  sin   y cos   sin  cos 

2 3
any suitable value of  . Let   45  , we get

 y cos  sin   cos   sin  cos 
2 2
 a  0, b  2 so that [( 2 )2  1]2 (0 2  4 )  4.
 y cos  sin cos  y  sin and x  cos  64. (c) sin2   sin2   sin2 
Hence, x  y  sin   cos   1.
2 2 2 2
tan 2  tan 2  tan 2 
  
59. (b) Multiplying both sides by 1  tan  1  tan  1  tan 2 
2 2

(1  sin A)(1  sin B)(1  sin C) , 

x

y

z
(x  tan 2  , y  tan 2  , z  tan 2  )
1 x 1y 1z
we have, (1  sin A)(1  sin B)(1  sin C)
2 2 2

(x  y  z )  (xy  yz  zx  2 xyz )  xy  yz  zx  xyz

 (1  sin A)2 (1  sin B)2 (1  sin C)2 
(1  x )(1  y )(1  z )
 (1  sin A)(1  sin B)(1  sin C)   cos A cos B cos C
1  x  y  z  xy  yz  zx  xyz
Similarly,  1
(1  x )(1  y )(1  z )
(1  sin A)(1  sin B)(1  sin C)   cos A cos B cos C .
( xy  yz  zx  2 xyz  1)
60. (a) Given : (sec   tan  )(sec   tan  )(sec   tan  )
65. (a) We know that one of the factor of the given
 tan  tan  tan 
expression is cos 90   0 .
...(i)
Therefore cos 1. cos 2. cos 3... cos 179   0 .
Let x  (sec   tan  )(sec   tan  )(sec   tan  ) ...(ii)
66. (a) tan(90    )  cot , cot(90    )  tan  .
Multiply both equations, (i) and (ii), we get
cot 54  tan 20 
(sec 2   tan 2  )(sec 2   tan 2  )(sec 2   tan 2  ) Therefore 
tan 36  cot 70 
 x .(tan  tan  tan  ) cot 54  tan 20 
 
1 tan( 90   54 ) (cot 90   20 )
x  x  cot  cot  cot 
tan  tan  tan  cot 54  tan 20 
 11  2 .
61. (d) sin1  sin 2  sin 3  3 cot 54  tan 20 
67. (b) Since sin190    sin10 , sin 200    sin 20 ,
 sin1  sin 2  sin 3  1 , ( 1  sin x  1)
 sin 210    sin 30 , sin 360   sin180   0 etc.
 1   2   3   cos  1  cos  2  cos  3  0 .
2 68. (c) (cos 1   cos 179 )  (cos 2   cos 178 )  ....
62. (d) sin   1
2
(cos 89   cos 91 )  cos 90   cos 180   1 .
x2  y2 1 1o 1
 1 69. (a) We know, sin 22  2 2
2x 2 2
x 2  y 2  2x  1  0 . 1o 1
and cos 22  2 2
(x  1)  y  0
2 2 2 2

It is possible, iff x  1 and y  0 ,  1 o   1 o   1 o 

  1  cos 22 1  cos 67 1  cos 112
 2   2   2 
i.e., It also depends on value of y. 
 o 
Hence, option (d) is correct.  1  cos 157 1 
 2 

 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities 417

 1  1  1  81. (c) cot( 45    ) cot( 45    )  tan( 90   45    ) cot( 45    )

 1  2  2  1  2  2  1  2 2 
 2  2  2   tan( 45    ) cot( 45    )  1 .
 1  82. (a) tan A  cot(180   A)  cot( 90   A)  cot( 360   A)
1  2 2 
 2 
 tan A  cot A  tan A  cot A  0 .
 1  1 
 1  (2  2 ) 1  (2  2 ) 83. (d) tan  cos sin  sin2  .
 4  4 
84. (a) Let A  B   and A  B   .
(4  2  2 )(4  2  2 )
 k tan A sin A cos B
16 Then tan A  k tan B or  
1 tan B cos A sin B
(2  2 )(2  2 ) 4  2 1
   . Applying componendo and dividendo
16 16 8
k  1 sin A cos B  cos A sin B
70. (c) 6(sin6   cos6  )  9(sin4   cos4  )  4  
k  1 sin A cos B  cos A sin B
 6[(sin 2   cos 2  )3  3 sin2  cos 2  (sin 2   cos 2  )] sin( A  B) sin  k 1
   sin   sin  .
 9[(sin 2   cos2  )2  2 sin2  cos2 ]  4 sin( A  B) sin  k 1
2 4
 6[1  3 sin 2  cos 2  ]  9 [1  2 sin 2  cos 2  ]  4 85. (b) We have x  y cos  z cos
3 3
 6 9 4 1. x y z
     (say)  x  , y  2, z  2
71. (a) sin 15   cos 105  1 2 2
 xy  yz  zx  22  4 2  22  0 .
sin 15   cos( 90   15 )  sin 15   sin 15   0 .
3
72. (d) cos 105   sin 105   cos( 90   15 )  sin(90   15 ) 86. (a,c) Given that    i.e .,  is in third
2
3 1 3 1 2 1 quadrant.
= cos 15   sin 15      .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2   
Now, (4 sin4   sin2 2 )  4 cos2   
73. (d) The expression is equal to 4 2
     
sin( x  y )  cos( x  y )  2 sin   x  y   ,  (4 sin4   4 sin2  cos2  )  2 .2 cos2   
  4  4 2
  
   4 sin 2  (sin 2   cos 2  )  2 1  cos    
which is zero, if sin  x  y   0
 4   2 
   2 sin  2  2 sin
i.e., x  y  n (n  I)  x  n    y .
4 4 On taking –ve, answer is 2 and on taking +ve, answer
 3 is 2  4 sin
74. (c) sin sin  sin 18 . sin 54 
10 10
3
But     , Hence answer is 2  4 sin because
5 1 5 1 1 4
 sin 18 . cos 36   .  .
4 4 4 sin  is ve in third quadrant.
75. (c)
1
. 
13.2

x
 2 x 8.  3 5 7
x.
4 87. (d) sin 2  sin 2  sin 2  sin 2
2 2 .3 4 2 8 8 8 8
76. (a) x  cos 40   cos 130   2 cos 85  cos 45   0 . 2  2 3 2 3 2 
 sin  sin  sin  sin
8 8 8 8
77. (b) cos A  sin( 270   A)  sin( 270   A)  cos(180   A)
 2 3 
 2 sin  sin2   2 1  2 .
= cos A  cos A  cos A  cos A  0 .  8 8 
1  cos  1  cos  1  cos   1  cos  88. (c) (sec A  tan A  1)(sec A  tan A  1)  2 tan A
78. (b)  
1  cos  1  cos  1  cos2   (sec 2 A  tan 2 A)  sec A  tan A  sec A
2 2  3   tan A  1  2 tan A  0
  ,  since     .
 sin   sin   2  ( sec 2 A  tan 2 A  1)
    1  tan  1  tan  89. (a) tan( 945 )  tan[ (945 )]
79. (a) tan      tan      
 4   4  1  tan  1  tan 
  tan[( 2  360   225 )]
4 tan   2 tan  
  2   2 tan 2 .   tan[ 225 ]   tan 45   1 .
1  tan 2   1  tan  
2

1 90. (b) A  B  45, therefore 2 A  90   2 B

80. (b) sin(   ) sin(   )cosec2   sin  sin   1 .
sin 2   cos 2 A  sin 2 B .
 418 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities
5 5  5   2 cos 60 o sin 10 o  sin 10 o
91. (c) cos A  sin A  cos sin ,  A  
4 4  4   sin 10 o (1  2 cos 60 o )  0 .
  1 1
  cos  sin    0. 6. (b) cos 2 A  sin 2 B  cos ( A  B) . cos ( A  B)
4 4 2 2
 cos 2 48 o  sin 2 12 o  cos 60 o . cos 36 o
92. (d) cos( 270   ) cos( 90   )  sin( 270   ) cos 
 sin . sin  cos  . cos   1 . 1  5  1  5 1
  .
2  4  8
93. (d) 2      2
cos(   )  1      0      
7. (c) AB   tan ( A  B)  tan
1 4 4
cos 2  and 2  2  2
e tan A  tan B
 1
Hence, there will be four solutions. 1  tan A tan B
 tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  1
Trigonometrical ratios of sum and difference of
 tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  1  2
two and three angles
 (1  tan A) (1  tan B)  2  y  2
1. (d) We know that sin (A  B)  sin A cos B  cos A sin B Hence, (y  1)y 1  (2  1)2 1  (3)3  27 .
1 1 1 1 
 1  1 Trick : Put suitable A and B as A  B 
10 5 5 10 4
  
1 4 1 9 1 5 1 i.e., A  , B  0   1  tan  (1  tan 0 o )  2(1)  2 .
   (2  3)   4  4
10 5 5 10 50 50 2
 8. (b) sin 75 o  sin (90 o  15 o )  cos 15 o  cos (45 o  30 o )
 sin ( A  B)  sin
4 3 1
  .
Hence, A  B  . 2 2
4
m 1
 tan A  tan B  9. (b) We have, tan   and tan  
2. (c) 2 tan ( A  B)  2   m 1 2m  1
 1  tan A tan B  tan   tan 
(2 tan B  cot B  tan B) tan B  cot B We know tan (   ) 
2 2 1  tan  tan 
1  (2 tan B  cot B) tan B 2 (1  tan 2 B)
m 1

cot B (tan 2 B  1) m  1 2 m 1  2m 2  m  m  1
  cot B . 
(1  tan 2 B) 1
m 1 2m 2  m  2m  1  m
sin A  sin B C (m  1) (2m  1)
3. (d) As given 
cos A  cos B D 2m 2  2m  1 
  1  tan (   )  tan
AB AB 2m 2  2m  1 4
2 sin . cos
 2 2  C  tan A  B  C 
AB AB D 2 D Hence,     .
2 cos . cos 4
2 2
AB Trick : As    is independent of m, therefore put
2 tan
1 1
Thus, sin ( A  B)  2 m  1, then tan   and tan   . Therefore,
2 AB 2 3
1  tan
2 (1 / 2)  (1 / 3) 
tan (   )   1 . Hence     .
C 1  (1 / 6 ) 4
2
 D  2 CD . (Also check for other values of m).
C2 (C 2  D 2 )
1 2 tan 20 o  tan 40 o
D 10. (b) We know that tan (20 o  40 o ) 
4. (a) We have sin A  sin B and cos A  cos B 1  tan 20 o tan 40 o
sin A cos A tan 20 o  tan 40 o
  sin A cos B  cos A sin B  0  3 
sin B cos B 1  tan 20 o tan 40 o
 sin ( A  B)  0  3  3 tan 20 o tan 40 o  tan 20 o  tan 40 o
 AB
Hence, sin    0.  tan 20 o  tan 40 o  3 tan 20 o tan 40 o  3 .
 2 
1
5. (b) sin 50 o  sin 70 o  sin 10 o 11. (d) { 3 cos 23 o  sin 23 o }
4
 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities 419


1
{cos 30 o cos 23 o  sin 30 o sin 23 o } But cos (A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
2
   1,   1.
1 1
 cos (30 o  23 o )  cos 53 o.
2 2 sin 2 A  sin 2 B 2 sin ( A  B) sin ( A  B)
19. (b) 
12. (a) tan 75 o  cot 75 o  cot 15 o  cot 75 o sin A cos A  sin B cos B sin 2 A  sin 2 B
2 sin ( A  B) sin ( A  B)
 (2  3 )  (2  3 )  2 3 .   tan ( A  B) .
2 cos ( A  B) sin ( A  B)
1 1
13. (b) We have tan A   and tan B   4
2 3 20. (b) We have cos (   ) 
1 1 5
 
tan A  tan B 2 3  1 5
Now, tan ( A  B)   and sin (   ) 
1  tan A tan B 1 1
1 . 13
2 3
3 12
3 3  sin (   )  and cos (   ) 
 tan ( A  B)  tan . Hence, A  B  . 5 13
4 4
3 5
14. (d)
cot A
.
cot B

1  2  sin 1  sin 1
1  cot A 1  cot B (1  tan A) (1  tan B) 5 13

1 3 25 5 9 
  sin 1  1  1 
tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B
 5 169 13 25 
[ tan( A  B)  tan 225 o ]
 56  56
 tan A  tan B  1  tan A tan B]  2  sin1    sin 2 
 65  65
1 1
  . sin 2 56 / 65 56
1  tan A tan B  1  tan A tan B 2 Now, tan 2    .
cos 2 33 / 65 33
4 12
15. (d) We have sin A  and cos B   8 
5 13 21. (a) Since cos  and 0   
17 2
Now, cos (A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
16  12  4 82 15
 1
144  sin   1  
  1 17 2
17
25  13  5 169
3 12 4  5  16 The value of the given expression
    
5 13 5  13  65
 cos 30 o . cos   sin 30 o sin   cos 45 o cos 
(Since A lies in first quadrant and B lies in third
 sin 45 o sin   cos 120 o cos   sin 120 o sin 
quadrant).
   3 1 1 1 1 3 
16. (b) Given that A  B   tan ( A  B)  tan  cos      sin   
4 4  2 
2 2  2 
 2 2
tan A  tan B
 1  3
1  tan A tan B 8  1 1  15  3 1 1
       
17  2 2 2  17  2 2 2 
 tan A  tan B  tan A tan B  1  

 (1  tan A)(1  tan B)  2 . 23  3 1 1 

   .
17  2 2 
1 3 
17. (d) 
sin 10  cos 10     2 
22. (c) tan x  tan   x   tan   x
1 3  3   3 
2  cos 10 o  sin 10 o 
2 2 
   tan x  3 tan x  3

2  cos 10  3 sin 10
o o   tan x  
 sin 10 o cos 10 o  1  3 tan x 1  3 tan x
2 o
sin 10 cos 10 o 

8 tan x 3 (3 tan x  tan 3 x )
4 sin (30 o  10 o ) 4 sin 20 o  tan x    3 tan 3 x
  4. 1  3 tan x
2
1  3 tan 2 x
sin 20 o sin 20 o
Therefore, the given equation is 3 tan 3 x  3
18. (c) Given cos (A  B)   cos A cos B   sin A sin B
 tan 3 x  1 .
 420 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities
23. (d) sin 47 o  sin 61 o  (sin 11 o  sin 25 o ) It means that the expression has different values for

 2 sin 54 o cos 7 o  2 sin 18 o cos 7 o different A i.e. it depends on A.

 2 cos 7 o (sin 54 o  sin 18 o ) Now similarly for B  90 o , the value of expression

will be sin 2 A  0  0  sin 2 A and at B  0 o the
 2 cos 7 o . 2 cos 36 o . sin 18 o
value of expression will be
5 1 5 1
 4 . cos 7 .o
.  cos 7 o . . cos 2 A  1  2 cos 2 A  sin 2 A .
4 4
24. (b) Given that sin (  )  a …..(i) Hence, the expression has the same value for
different values of B, so it does not depend on B.
and sin (   )  b …..(ii)
26. (a) cos 15 o  sin 15 o  2 . cos (45 o  15 o )  2 . cos 60 o
Now, cos (   )  1  a 2      cos 1 1  a 2
1 1
 2.  .
and     (  )  (   ) 2 2

 cos 1 1  a 2  cos 1 1  b 2 27. (a, b) Since tan , tan  are the roots of the equation

x 2  px  q  0.
     cos 1 ( 1  a 2 1  b 2  ab)
 tan   tan    p, tan  tan   q
 cos (   )  1  a 2
1  b  ab
2 tan   tan  p
 tan (   )   ,
1  tan  tan  q  1
Now, cos 2 (   )  4 ab cos (   )
which is given in (b).
 2 cos (   )  1  4 ab cos (   )
2
p
Also when tan (   )  .
2 q 1
 2  1  a 2 1  b 2  ab 
  L.H.S. of the expression given in (a)
 cos 2 (   ) [tan 2 (   )  p tan (   )  q]
 4 ab  1  a 2 1  b 2  ab   1
   p2 
1 p2
    q
 2 {(1  a2 )(1  b 2 )  a2b 2  2ab 1  a2 1  b 2 } 1  tan (   )  (q  1)
2 2
q 1 

(q  1) 2  p 2  p 2 (q  1)  q (q  1) 2 
 4 ab ( 1  a 2 1  b 2  ab )   
(q  1)  p 
2 2
(q  1) 2 
 2 (1  b 2  a 2  a 2 b 2 )  2a 2 b 2  4 a 2 b 2  1


q p 2  (q  1) 2   q  R.H .S . of (a)
 2 (1  a  b )  1  1  2a  2b .
2 2 2 2 p 2  (q  1) 2
i.e., relation given in (a) is also satisfied.
25. (c) cos 2 ( A  B)  cos 2 B  2 cos ( A  B) cos A cos B
28. (a) We have 5 x  3 x  2 x  tan 5 x  tan( 3 x  2 x )
 cos2 ( A  B)  cos2 B tan 3 x  tan 2 x
 tan 5 x 
 cos (A  B) cos(A  B)  cos(A  B) 1  tan 3 x tan 2 x
 tan 5 x  tan 5 x tan 3 x tan 2 x  tan 3 x  tan 2 x
 cos 2 B  cos ( A  B) cos ( A  B)  tan 5 x tan 3 x tan 2 x  tan 5 x  tan 3 x  tan 2 x .
3 5
 cos 2 B  (cos 2 A  sin 2 B)  1  cos 2 A 29. (d) We have 4 x 2  16 x  15  0   x 
2 2
Hence it depends on A.  Integral solution of 4 x 2  16 x  15  0 is x = 2.
Thus tan   2. It is given that cos   tan 45 o  1
Trick : Put two different values of A.
 sin (   ) sin (   )  sin 2   sin 2 
Let A  90 , then the value of expression will be
o
1 1 4
  (1  cos 2  )  0  .
1  cot 2  1
1 5
sin B  cos B  1
2 2
4
Now put A  0 o , then the value of expression will be

cos 2 B  cos 2 B  2 cos 2 B  0

 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities 421
6  15 12
 tan
tan 38. (d) Given, sin  , tan  
15 15  17 5
30. (d) We have  tan
6  3 8 12 5
1  tan tan  cos   , sin   and cos   
15 15 17 13 13
6  6  3 5
 tan  tan  3  3 tan tan    ,  cos   
15 15 15 15 2 13
6  6 
 tan  tan  3 tan tan  3. sin(    )  sin  cos   cos  sin  =
171
.
15 15 15 15 221
31. (c) cos 12 o  cos 84 o  cos 156 o  cos 132 o 39. (c) Given equation cos x  cos y  cos   0 and
 (cos 12 o  cos 132 o )  (cos 84 o  cos 156 o ) sin x  sin y  sin   0 . The given equation may be
 2 cos 72 o cos 60 o  2 cos 120 o cos 36 o written as cos x  cos y   cos  and
 1 1  sin x  sin y   sin  . Therefore
 2 cos 72 o    cos 36 o 
 2 2 
x y x y
2 cos  cos    cos …..(i)
 5 1 5  1 1  2   2 
 [cos 72  cos 36 ]  
o
 o
 .
 4 4  2 x y  x y
2 sin  cos    sin …..(ii)
32. (a) cos 52  cos 68
o o
 cos 172 o
 2   2 
 (cos 52 o  cos 172 o )  cos 68 o x y  x y
2 cos  cos 
 2 cos 112 o cos 60 o  cos 68 o Divide (i) by (ii), we get  2   2 
x y  x y
 cos 112 o  cos 68 o  2 cos (90 o ) cos 22 o  0 . 2 sin  cos 
 2   2 
33. (a) Divided by cos 17 o in numerator and denominator, cos   x y
  cot   cot .
cos 17 o  sin 17 o sin   2 
we get,
cos 17 o  sin 17 o 40. (a) sin  sin 3  sin 2  sin
1  tan 17 o
tan 45  tan 17
o o
 2 sin 2 cos  sin 2  sin
   tan 62 o .
1  tan 17 o 1  tan 45 o tan 17 o
 sin 2 (2 cos   1)  sin  …..(i)
34. (a)
1  tan 9 o

 tan 45 o  9 o  tan 54 o .  Now cos  cos 3  cos 2  cos
1  tan 9 o
sin 70  cos 40
o o
2 cos 2 cos  cos 2  cos
35. (c)
cos 70 o  sin 40 o
cos 2 (2 cos  1)  cos …..(ii)
sin 70   sin 50  2 sin 60  cos 10 
 
sin 20   sin 40  2 sin 30  cos( 10 ) From (i) and (ii),
o
sin 60 3 2
  .  3. tan 2  tan   2       / 2 .
sin 30 o 2 1
cos 10 o  sin10 o
36. (a) cos ( A  B) 
3 41. (a)  tan(45 o  10 o )  tan 55 o .
5 cos 10 o  sin10 o
 5 cos A cos B  5 sin A sin B  3 …..(i) 42. (b) Given, cos P 
1
, cos Q 
13
7 14
From 2nd relation,
 cos( P  Q)  cos P cos Q  sin P sin Q
sin A sin B  2 cos A cos B .....(ii)
1 1  1 13 48 27 13  36 1
 cos A cos B  and 5   1  sin A sin B  3 .  .  .    cos 60 o
5  2  7 14 7 14 98 2

tan 100 o  tan 125 o  P  Q  60 o .

37. (d) tan (100 o  125 o ) 
1  tan 100 o tan 125 o
43. (c) sec 50 o  tan 50 o
tan 100 o
 tan 125 o
 tan 225 o  tan 70 o  tan 20 o
1  tan 100 o tan 125 o  tan(70 o  20 o ) 
1  tan 70 o tan 20 o
tan 100 o  tan 125 o
i.e., 1   tan 50 o  tan 70 o tan 20 o tan 50 o  tan 70 o  tan 20 o
1  tan 100 o tan 125 o
 tan 50 o  tan 50 o  tan 70 o  tan 20 o
i.e., tan 100 o  tan 125 o  tan 100 o tan 125 o  1.
 422 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities
[ tan 70 o  cot 20 o ]  12   3   5   4  36 20 56
        .
 13   5   13   5  65 65 65
 2 tan 50 o  tan 20 o  tan 70 o
1 1  tan A tan B
49. (d) cot ( A  B)  
 2 tan 50 o  tan 20 o  tan 50 o  sec 50 o . tan ( A  B) tan A  tan B
tan   tan  1 tan A tan B 1 1
44. (b) tan (   )      .
1  tan  tan  tan A  tan B tan A  tan B x y


1 1 50. (c) sin 12 o sin 48 o sin 54 o 
1

cos 36 o  cos 60 o cos 36 o 
1 x
1 1  2 x 1 2

 tan(   )  2 1  5  1 1   5  1 1  5 1  5  1
1 1        
1 2  4 2   4  2  4   4 
1  1 / 2 x 1  2 x 1
5 1 4 1
2 x  2 .2 x  x  2 x  1    .
 tan(   )  32 32 8
1  2 x  2.2 x  2 .2 x  x  2 x  2 4 8
51. (d) cos cos cos cos
 5 5 5 5
 tan(    )  1      .
4  
24  16  sin  3  
sin sin
45. (a) S  sin  sin 2  sin 3  .....  sin n 5  5   5

  
We know, sin  sin(   )  sin(  2 )  ....... n term 2 4 sin 16 sin 16 sin
5 5 5
n 
sin  sin
= 2 sin    (n  1)   5  1 .
   
sin  2  16 sin
16
2 5
n  (n  1) cos 12 o  sin 12 o sin 147 o
sin . sin 52. (c) 
Put    , then S  2 2 . cos 12  sin 12
o o
cos 147 o

sin 1  tan 12 o
2   tan 147 o  tan 33 o  tan 33 o  0 .
1  tan 12 o
cos 70 o  4 sin 70 o cos 70 o
46. (b) Now, cot 70 o  4 cos 70 o  53. (c) tan 20 o tan 40 o tan 60 o tan 80 o
sin 70 o
cos 70 o  2 sin140 o cos 70 o  2 sin(180 o  40 o ) sin 20 o sin 40 o sin 80 o tan 60 o
  
sin 70 o sin 70 o cos 20 o cos 40 o cos 80 o
sin 20 o  sin 40 o  sin 40 o 2 sin 30 o cos10 o  sin 40 o Here N r  (sin 20 o sin 40 o sin 80 o )
 
sin 70 o sin 70 o sin 20 o
 (2 sin 40 o sin 80 o )
sin 80  sin 40
o o
2 sin 60 cos 20 o o
2
   3.
sin 70 o sin 70 o sin 20 o
 9 3 5  (cos 40 o  cos 120 o )
47. (b) 2 cos . cos  cos  cos 2
13 13 13 13 1  1
 9 4   sin 20 o  1  2 sin 2 20 o  
 2 cos . cos  2 cos cos 2  2
13 13 13 13
3  sin 60
o
  9 4  1 3
 2 cos cos  cos  sin 20 o   2 sin 2 20 o   
13  13 13  2  2  4 8

   5     Now, we take D r  cos 20 o cos 40 o cos 80 o

 2 cos 2 cos . cos 0,  cos 2  0  .
13  2 26    sin 2 3 20 o sin 160 o sin 20 o 1
 3 o
 o
 o

12 2 sin 20 8 sin 20 8 sin 20 8
48. (b) We have sin  
13 3 /8
2  Hence tan 20 o tan 40 o tan 80 o 
 12  5 1/8
cos   1  sin 2   1    
 13  13

3 9 4  3  Therefore
and cos   , sin   1   ,     
5 25 5  2  tan 20 tan 40 o tan 60 o tan 80 o  3 . 3  3 .
o

Now, sin(   )  sin  . cos   cos  . sin 

 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities 423

sin 2 3 20 o sin 160 o 1    

54. (d) cos 20 o cos 40 o cos 80 o    . 60. (d) cos 2      sin 2   
3
2 sin 20 o
8 sin 20 o 8 4   4
55. (d) sin 36 o sin 72 o sin 108 o sin 144 o
   
 cos        cos       
 sin 2 36 o sin 2 72 o 
1

(2 sin 2 36 o ) (2 sin 2 72 o )   4 4   4 4
4  
 cos(   ) cos       cos(   ) sin(   ) .

1
4

(1  cos 72 o ) (1  cos 144 o )  2 
61. (c) tan 9 o  tan 27 o  tan 63 o  tan 81 o
1

 (1  sin 18 o ) (1  cos 36 o )
4
  tan 9 o  tan 27 o  cot 27 o  cot 9 o
1  5  1  20 1
5  1   5  (tan 9 o  cot 9 o )  (tan 27 o  cot 27 o )
  1   1    .
4  4  
4  16 4 16
  cos(9 o  9 o ) cos(27 o  27 o ) 2 2
   
m cos A o
sin 9 cos 9 o o
sin 27 . cos 27 o
sin 18 o
sin 54 o
56. (a) Given that cos A  m cos B  
1 cos B

 sin 54  sin 18 
o o 
2 . cos 36 o . sin 18 o
 AB BA  2   2 . 4
2 cos  cos  
 sin 18 sin 54 
o o
 sin 18 o . sin 54 o
m  1 cos A  cos B  2   2 
   sin 3  sin 5  sin 7  sin 9
m  1 cos A  cos B  AB BA 62. (c)
2 sin  sin 
 2   2  cos 3  cos 5  cos 7  cos 9
 AB B A (sin 3  sin 9 )  (sin 5  sin 7 )
 cot   cot   
 2   2  (cos 3  cos 9 )  (cos 5  cos 7 )
 A  B m 1 BA 2 sin 6 cos 3  2 sin 6 cos
Hence, cot   tan . 
 2  m 1 2 2 cos 6 cos 3  2 cos 6 cos
57. (b) x  cos 10 o cos 20 o cos 40 o 2 sin 6 (cos 3  cos )
  tan 6 .
1 2 cos 6 (cos 3  cos )
 [2 sin 10 o cos 10 o cos 20 o cos 40 o ]
2 sin 10 o 63. (b) sin163 o cos 347 o  sin73 o sin167 o


1
[2 sin 20 o cos 20 o cos 40 o ]  sin(180 o  17 o ) cos(360 o  13 o )  cos(90 o  17 o )
o
2 . 2 sin 10
sin(180 o  13 o )
1 1
 [2 sin 40 cos 40 ) 
o o o
(sin 80 )  sin17 o cos 13 o  cos 17 o sin13 o  sin 30 o  1 / 2 .
2 . 4 sin 10 o 8 sin 10 o
1 1 64. (a) sin 600 o cos 330 o  cos 120 o sin 150 o
 cos 10 o  cot 10 o .
8 sin 10 o 8   sin 60 o cos 30 o  sin 30 o cos 60 o
58. (a) sin 12 o
sin 24 o
sin 48 o
sin 84 o
 
  sin (60 o  30 o )  1 .
1 65. (b) cos A  cos (240 o
 A)  cos (240 o  A)
 (2 sin 12 o sin 48 o ) (2 sin 24 o sin 84 o )
4
1  cos A  2 cos 240 o cos A
 (cos 36 o  cos 60 o ) (cos 60 o  cos 108 o )   1 
2  cos A{1  2 cos(180 o  60 o )}  cos A 1  2   
1 1 1   2 
o 
  cos 36     sin 18 
o
4 2 2  0 .

1 1  1 1     

1
 ( 5  1)     ( 5  1) 
1 66. (a) cos 2      sin 2    
4  4 2  2 4  16 6  6 
     
and cos 20 o cos 40 o cos 60 cos 80 o  cos       cos      
6 6  6 6 
1
 [cos (60 o  20 o ) cos 20 o cos (60 o  20 o )] [ cos 2 A  sin 2 B  cos(A  B) cos(A  B)]
2
2 1
1 1  1 1 1 1  cos cos 2  cos 2 .
 cos 3 (20 o )  cos 60 o    .
2  4
6 2
 8 2 8 16
a sin
tan A  tan 2 A 67. (c) We have b sin   a sin (  2  )  
59. (a) Since tan 3 A  b sin (  2  )
1  tan A tan 2 A a  b sin   sin (  2  ) 2 sin (   ) cos 
  
 tan 3 A  tan 2 A  tan A  tan 3 A tan 2 A tan A . a  b sin   sin (  2  )  2 cos (   ) sin 
 424 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities
cot   (1  cos 6 x )  (cos 2 x  cos 4 x )
  tan (   ) cot    .
cot (   )  2 cos 2 3 x  2 cos 3 x cos x  2 cos 3 x (cos 3 x  cos x )
sin (B  A)  cos (B  A)
68. (b)  4 cos x cos 2 x cos 3 x .
sin (B  A)  cos (B  A)
AC AC
sin (B  A)  sin (90 o  B  A) sin A  sin C
2 cos
sin
 77. (a)  cot B  2 2  cot B
sin (B  A)  sin (90 o  A  B) cos C  cos A AC AC
2 sin sin
2 sin ( A  45 o ) cos (45 o  B) 2 2

2 sin (45 o  A) cos (45 o  B) ( A  C) AC
 cot  cot B  B 
2 2
sin ( A  45 o ) cos A  sin A
  . Thus A, B, C will be in A.P.
sin (45 o  A) cos A  sin A
2 4 8 16 
sin (x  y) a  b 78. (d) cos cos cos cos
69. (b)  15 15 15 15
sin (x  y) a  b
4 2 32  2
sin (x  y)  sin (x  y) (a  b)  (a  b) sin 2 sin sin
15 15 1 15 1
      .
sin (x  y)  sin (x  y) (a  b)  (a  b) 2  2 16 2 16
2 4 sin 16 sin sin
2 sin x cos y 2a tan x a 15 15 15
    .   5 
2 cos x sin y 2b tan y b 79. (a) cos2  cos2  cos2
12 4 12
70. (a) Squaring and adding, we get 2
    1   5 
x 2  y 2  1  1  2 cos (2 A  A)  1  sin 2       cos 2  
   2
12  12 
x2  y2  2
  cos A …..(i) 1  5  
2 1   cos 2  sin 2 
2  12 12 
Also cos A  2 cos 2 A  1  y
3  5    5   3  
or (cos A  1)(2 cos A  1)  y   cos   cos     cos cos
2  12 12   12 12  2 2 3
Put for cos A from (i) and get the answer. 3 1 3
  0.  .
71. (b) The given expression can be written as 2 2 2
(cos 6 x  cos 4 x )  5 (cos 4 x  cos 2 x )  10 (cos 2 x  1)  3 5 7
80. (b) We have sin . sin . sin . sin
cos 5 x  5 cos 3 x  10 cos x 16 16 16 16
1  3 5 7 
After solving, we get the required result i.e. 2 cos x .  2 sin sin .2 sin sin
4 16 16 16 16 
72. (a) cos  sin(    )  cos  sin(   )  cos  sin(   )
1      3  
1  1   cos  cos  cos  cos 
Put       60  (0)  (0)  (0)  0 .
o
4  8 4  8 4 
2 2 2
1   1   1 
73. (b) Combine first two terms and last two terms   cos   cos  
 2 
L.H.S.  2 sin  cos (  )  2 sin ( ) cos (   )
4  8 2  8

1  2  1  1  2  
 2 sin  [cos (  )  cos (   )]   cos     2 cos 8  1
4  8 2  8  
 2 sin  . 2 sin sin   4 sin  sin  sin  .
1  1 1 2
m tan (120 o   )  cos     .
74. (a)  8  4 8 2 16
n tan (  30 o )
81. (d) cos 2 76 o  cos 2 16 o  cos 76 o cos16 o
m  n tan (  120 o )  tan (  30 o )
 
m  n tan (  120 o )  tan (  30 o ) 
1
2

1  cos 152 o  1  cos 32 o  cos 92 o  cos 60 o 
(By componendo and dividendo)
sin(  120 o ) cos(  30 o )  cos(  120 o ) sin(  30 o ) 1  1 o
   2  2  cos 152  cos 32  cos 92 
o o

sin(  120 ) cos(  30 )  cos(  120 ) sin(  30 )

o o o o 2  

sin (2  90 o ) cos 2 1 3 

   2 cos 2 .   2 cos 92 o cos 60 o  cos 92 o 
sin (150 )o
1/2 2  2 
75. (a) 2 cos x  cos 3 x  cos 5 x  2 cos x(1  cos 4 x ) 1 3  3
   cos 92 o  cos 92 o   .
 2 cos x 2 sin 2 x  4 cos x sin 2 x  16 sin x cos x .
2 2 2 3
2 2  4
76. (c) 1  cos 2 x  cos 4 x  cos 6 x
 Trigonometrical Ratios, Functions and Identities 425

  3   8 cos2 15 o  sin2 15 o 3
 sin 2 .   sin   cos(30 o )  .
 2 4   7  7 1 . cos 15  sin 15
2 o 2 o
2
82. (d) cos . cos . cos  
7 7 7  3 
    8
 2 sin   8 sin 2. (b) We have cos 
3 4
and cos  .
 7  7
5 5
tan 70 o  tan 20 o Therefore cos(   )  cos  cos   sin  sin 
83. (b)
tan 50 o 3 4 4 3 24
 .  . 
sin 70 o sin 20 o
sin 70 cos 20  cos 70 sin 20
o o o o 5 5 5 5 25
o

= cos 70 cos 20 o = cos 70 o cos 20 o    24 49
sin 50 o sin 50 o But 2 cos 2    1  cos(   )  1  
o  2  25 50
cos 50 cos 50 o
     49    7
 cos2   . Hence, cos  .
= 2  sin(70  20 ) cos 50 = 2 sin 50 o cos 50 o
o o o
 2  50  2  5 2
2 o o o
cos 70 cos 20 sin 50 2 cos 70 o cos 20 o sin 50 o
5
2 cos 50 o 2 cos 50 o 3. (a) Given that sec  
=  = 2. 4
cos 90 o  cos 50 o 0  cos 50 o
1  tan 2 ( / 2) 5 1  tan 2 ( / 2)
84. (a) cos 2   cos 2 (  120 o )  cos 2 (  120 o ) sec    
1  tan ( / 2)
2
4 1  tan 2 ( / 2)

 cos 2   cos (  120 o )  cos (  120 o ) 
2
 5  5 tan 2 ( / 2)  4  4 tan 2 ( / 2)

 2 cos (  120 o ) cos (  120 o )  9 tan 2 ( / 2)  1  tan( / 2) 

1
.
3

 cos 2   2 cos  cos 120 o 
2

 2 cos 2   sin 2 120 o  A 3
4. (d) Given that tan  .
 cos   cos   2 cos   2 sin 120
2 2 2 2 o 2 2
A
3 3 2 cos2 2
 2 sin2 120 o  2   . 1  cos A 2  cot 2 A   2   4 .
4 2 
1  cos A A 2 3 9
2 sin2
85. (b) tan 20 o  2 tan 50 o  tan 70 o 2

sin 20 o sin 70 o 3
   2 tan 50 o 5. (d) We have cos A   A  30 o
2
cos 20 o cos 70 o
 tan 3 A  tan 90 o   .
sin 20 o cos 70 o  cos 20 o sin 70 o
  2 tan 50 o

cos 20 o cos 70 o 6. (a) sin 4  2 sin 2 cos 2

sin(20 o  70 o )  2.2 sin cos (1  2 sin2  )

  2 tan 50 o
1
[cos(70  20 )  cos(70  20 )]
o o o o
2  4 sin (1  2 sin2  ) 1  sin2 

2 sin(50 o ) cos( A  C ) cos A cos C  sin A sin C

  2 tan 50 o 7. (b) cos 2 B  
cos 90 o  cos 50 o cos( A  C ) cos A cos C  sin A sin C

 2 sin 50 o 1  tan 2 B 1  tan A tan C

  2 tan 50 o  
0  cos 50 o 1  tan 2 B 1  tan A tan C
 1  tan B  tan A tan C  tan A tan C tan B
2 2
 2 tan 50 o  2 tan 50 o  0 .

 1  tan 2 B  tan A tan C  tan A tan C tan 2 B

Trigonometrical ratios of multiple
and sub-multiple angles  2 tan 2 B  2 tan A tan C  tan 2 B  tan A tan C

Hence, tan A, tan B and tan C will be in G.P.

cos2 15 o
1
cot 2 15 o  1 sin2 15 o
1. (b) 
cot 2 15 o  1 cos2 15 o
1
sin2 15 o