MODULE 4
Waste Handling, Separation, Storage,
and Processing at Source
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF
MSWM
Primary
collection
Seconda
ry
collectio
n
Lecture 7
Handling, Separation and Storage at Source
HANDLING AND SEPARATION OF SOLID
The handling and separation of solid wastes at the source before they are collected is a critical step in the management
WASTE
of residential solid waste.
Waste Handling
In general, handling refers to the activities associated
with managing solid wastes until they are placed in the
containers used for their storage before collection or
return to drop-off and recycling centers. Household/ community
Separation
The separation of solid waste components at the source
of generation is one of the most positive and effective
ways to achieve the recovery and reuse of materials.
Before Swachh Bharat Mission (SWM) came to act (2-10-2014) in India
Indicative List for Segregation of Household
Wastes BASIC SEGREGATION
Wet waste (green bin) Dry waste (Blue bin) Domestic Hazardous
With further sub-segregation
Food wastes of all kinds, Paper Containers & Rags Metals Glass E-waste,
cooked and uncooked, cardboard packaging of all Rubber (all kinds) Inerts Hazardous wastes (paint,
including eggshells and & cartons kinds excluding Wood House oil, chemicals and
bones, flower, fruit and those containing Discarded sweepings and solvents, pesticides and
waste including juice, hazardous clothing inerts (not their empty containers),
vegetable peels and materials Furniture garden, yard or Household medical
household garden/plant Compound street waste,
wastes. Soiled tissues, packaging sweepings) Batteries, Lights bulbs,
food wrappers, paper (tetrapak, blisters tube lights and Compact
towels; fish and meat etc.) Plastics Fluorescent Lamps (CFL)
Car batteries, oil filters
and car care products and
consumables
Source: Adapted from Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management (First Edition), Central Public Health
and Environmental Engineering Organisation (CPHEEO), 2000, Ministry of Urban
Development.
Household waste
segregation
A collection vehicle
Residents are collecting
dropping
segregated
segregatedhousehold
wastes inwastes
segregated
binsinofIncollection
d o revehicle
, in
C h an d ig
Waste segregation in commercial areas (workplaces and/or educational
institutions)
Dry
General
Wet
Dry waste collection
bin in standalone
shops, India after
SWM came into force
WASTE HANDLING AND SEPARATION AT RESIDENTIAL
DWELLINGS
The threeclassifications of residential
dwellingsmost
commonly adopted are:
•Low-rise (under four stories)
•Medium-rise (from four to seven stories)
•High-rise ( over seven stories)
Low-Rise Dwellings
▪ The residents or tenants of low-rise dwellings are Low-Rise Dwellings
responsible for placing the solid wastes and recyclable
materials that are generated and accumulated in and
around their dwellings in storage containers. Residents responsible for placing the solid stes
wa
▪ The homeowners or tenants are responsible
for
transporting the containers filled with wastes to the
street curb for collection. Residents responsible for transporting the
containers filled with wastes to the street curb
Low- and Medium- Rise Dwellings
Typical solid waste storage locations include basement
storage, outdoor storage, and occasionally, compactor
storage.
Basement Storage
▪ The building owner provides a basement
storage room or area for the storage of solid
waste.
▪ Residents carry their waste and recyclable
materials to the storage area and deposit them
in the appropriate containers.
▪ The maintenance staff is responsible for
transporting the containers to the street for
curbside collection.
Outdoor Storage
▪ In many low-and medium-rise
apartments, large waste storage containers
are located in special enclosures.
▪ The large containers are emptied
mechanically using collection vehicle
equipped with unloading mechanisms.
▪ Handling method is similar to that of the
basement storage.
Large waste storage containers are located in enclosures
special
Mechanical unloading of waste using collection vehicle
High-Rise Dwellings
In high-rise dwellings the most common methods of
handling solid wastes involve one or more of the
following:
i. Waste are picked up by building maintenance Wastes placed
personnel or porters from various floors and taken to by the residents
the basement or service area.
Wastes picked up by
ii. Wastes are taken to the basement or service area by
maintenance personnel
tenants; or of the building
iii. Wastes, usually bagged, are placed by the tenants in
specially designed vertical chutes with openings
located on each floor.
Wastes taken to the
basement area Wastes are bagged
iv. Wastes discharged in
chutes are collected in
large containers,
compacted into large
containers, baled directly.
A schematic representation
of garbage chute Garbage chutes
Waste chute labels on individual
floor
STORAGE OF SOLID WASTES AT THE
SOURCE
Factors that must be considered in the
onsite storage of solid wastes
includes:
200 m
i. The effects of storage on the waste
components.
100 m 100 m
100 m
ii. The type of containers to be used
Location of containers in narrow roads
iii. The container location
iv. Public health and aesthetics
100 m100 m 100 m
100 m
Underground storage of segregated
50 m each wastes in a European country
Effect of Storage on Waste Components
An important consideration in the onsite storage of wastes
are the effects of storage itself on the characteristics of the
wastes being stored. Theses effects of storing wastes include:
a. Biological/microbial decomposition/putrefaction: Causes
odor, attracts flies, forms leachate.
b. The absorption of fluids (spread of moisture over the
entire mixture, paper will absorb moisture from food,
garden trimming. If there is no lid, waste can absorb
water from rain).
c. The contamination of waste components: motor oils,
household cleaners and paint contaminate and reduce the
value of individual components for recycling.
Toxic waste contamination
Types of Containers
The types and capacities of the containers depend on:
a. The characteristics and types of solid wastes to be
collected. b.
The type of collection system in use.
c. The collection frequency.
d. The space available for the placement of containers.
There are two types of container systems:
i. Haul container system: Containers used for the
storage of wastes are hauled to the processing, transfer
or disposal site, emptied and returned to either their
original location or some other location. Haul container
ii. Stationary container system: Containers used for the
storage of wastes remain at the point of waste
generation except when moved for collection.
Haul container
Stationary container
Container Storage Location
Container storage locations depend on the type of dwellings or Distance between
dustbins not more
commercial or industrial facilities, the available space, and access
than 500 m
to collection services. In low-rise dwellings the containers are
usually placed at the side or rear of the house, alleys, where alley
collection are used or some common location specially
designated for that purpose. Generally they are kept:
a. Where waste generation is more.
b. Where traffic is low.
c. Distance between containers should not be more than 500 m. Distance between
house and nearest
d. Distance between container and house should not be more dustbin not more
than 250 m
than 250 m.
Public Health and
Aesthetics
▪ Public health concerns
are related primarily to
the infestation of areas
used for the storage of
solid wastes with vermin
and insects that often
serve as potential disease
vectors.
Some solutions..
▪ Proper sanitation (use of containers with
tight lids, periodic washing of
containers and storage area) can control
the infestation of rats and flies.
▪ Aesthetic considerations are related to
the production of odors and the
unsightly conditions that can develop
when adequate attention is not given to
the maintenance of sanitary conditions.
Use of containers with tight lids
Underground waste collection bins in Europe
Container Capacity
❑ A single household (family of 5 members): A container of 12-15 L for
each dry and wet waste if the collection takes place daily.
Wet waste
container should be washed daily after emptying.
❑ Apartment complexes and large buildings:
✔ 60 L (25 kg) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bins for 12
households.
✔ 120 L (50 kg) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bins for 24
households.
✔ 240 L (96 kg) high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bins for 48
households.
HDPE containers
Thank you
