Generation Control

in Industrial Power Grids

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Section 1
Why to Implement Generation
Control in Industrial Applications

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General Terms
Primary Controllers

Industrial grid
no SECONDARY
and
GENERATION
Unit Working as an island
CONTROL
and
system needed
Primary Controllers Only one unit
Governor → Frequency
AVR → Voltage
Frequency Voltage

AVR … Automatic Voltage Regulator

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General Terms
Secondary Generation Controller

Island Grid Connected

Governor Frequency Active Power Multiple units

AVR Voltage Reactive Power
or
Additional connection Unit(s) with public
to public grid grid connections

Secondary
generation control
needed for coordination

Secondary generation control

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General Terms
Isochronous Mode

Governor AVR

Setpoint
for nominal Setpoint
frequency for nominal
(e.g., 50Hz) voltage

Actual Actual
frequency voltage

Governor → nominal frequency AVR → nominal voltage

Island mode: Maximum one GOVERNOR and/or AVR may work in ISOCHRONOUS mode
Connected mode: No GOVERNOR and no AVR may work in ISOCHRONOUS mode

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General Terms
Droop Mode

Governor AVR

Governor → nominal frequency AVR → nominal voltage

Device (e.g., governor + turbine) in ISOCHRONOUS mode → regulation to nominal value

Devices (e.g., governor + turbine) in DROOP mode → support the device working in ISOCHRONOUS mode

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General Terms
Fixed Power Mode

Governor AVR

Whatever happens, the UNIT will deliver Whatever happens, the UNIT will deliver
a fixed active power value a fixed reactive power value

e.g. if a UNIT works very efficient at a special working point

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General Terms
Different Operation Modes of Generation Control (for Governors)

One governor in ISOCHRONOUS mode: Secondary Control

• Biggest or most flexible generator in ISOCHRONOUS mode for regulating f,
• Other generators in droop mode,
• Secondary Generation Control only for load sharing of P between the generators

All governors in DROOP mode (during ISLAND mode):

• Secondary Generation Control for regulating f plus load sharing of P
• Secondary Generation Control for load sharing of P between the generators

All governors in DROOP mode (during GRID CONNECTED mode):

• Secondary Generation Control for regulating of desired interchange
• Secondary Generation Control for load sharing of P between the local generators

Back Pressure Mode/Process Controlled Mode

• Secondary Generation Control treats the generator like a negative load (not controllable)

Note: the selection of the working modes for the Governor and AVR
of the same unit are independent from each other

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Section 2
Characteristics of the SICAM
Generation Control Solution

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Principle Architecture of a SICAM GENERATION CONTROL System

(red.) Generation Controller

Unit 1 Unit x
Public
Grid (C3)

IED GEN IED GEN IED

Note following characteristics for SICAM GENERATION CONTROL:

• No separate communication network needed
• The HMI can also be used for other tasks
• In most cases the controller can also be used for other tasks

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SICAM Generation Control Solution to Define Load Sharing

Base Point:
Example:
• Considered only by devices working in DROOP mode
• Defines the working point during nominal grid consumption

Participation Factor (%):

• Defines the participation of the device on discrepancies between
nominal grid consumption and the actual grid consumption

Advantages of the implemented Load Sharing solution:

• Possibility to increase the flexibility of devices working in ISOCHRONOUS mode
• Possibility to favor devices (e.g., more efficient, newer, constant working point etc.)

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SICAM Generation Control: Automatic Topology Adaptations

SICAM Generation Control It automatically adapts its working mode

can treat up to 4 different control zones according to the grid constellations

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SICAM Generation Control: Interface to Primary Controller

Interface to primary controller:

Open for different types of governors:

• Serial interface
• Parallel interface from bay controller
• Analogue setpoint
e.g. SICAM CP-8021 controller
• Digital setpoint
• Raise/lower command (puls)
• Raise/lower command (puls length)

Adaption of setpoint:
• For chosen interface
• By function plan chart in local controller.

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SICAM Generation Control: HMI Templates Available

Grid view: Unit detail view:

Simulation

Capability curve
of a generator:

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SICAM Generation Control: Key Characteristics

Up to individual 16 units

Up to 4 possible control zones

SICAM Generation Control comes together with the program package SICAM Microgrid Control
Means that many other functions are already prepared for future use. For more details, please join the next section of this training session.

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Section 3
SICAM Generation Control:
Additional Uses Cases

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Additional Features that Come Together with SICAM Generation Control

Human Machine SICAM A8000 Generator

Interface (up to 16)

allows integration with many

standard communication
External Grid protocols e.g. IEC 60870-5, Photovoltaic
(up to 4) MODBUS, etc. (up to 3)
PCC

Battery Wind
(up to 4) (up to 3)

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Additional Features that Come Together with SICAM Generation Control

The provided solution consists of a combination

of a MICROGRID CONTROLLER (A8000) and SICAM SCC

Our solution communicates with the energy market:

• If the price for electrical energy is high (e.g. daytime),
then the local battery system is discharged
• If the price for electrical energy is low or if the batteries
are almost empty, then the batteries are charged

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Additional Features That Come
with SICAM Generation Control/Microgrid Control

Transmission
Grid

Generators Benefits of Microgrid Control

Renewable
Generation
Storage Own generation
• Ensures smooth production processes
• Increased independence from grid instabilities
Microgrid Management
Energy mix/value streams
SICAM
A8000
Prognosis Prime Energy Lower energy costs
• Economic optimization main grid supply vs. own generation
Reliable supply
of processes Decreasing CO2 emissions
• Environmental optimization renewable vs. fossil generation

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Key Take Aways of This Training

SICAM Generation Control is a secondary control system

to control governs and AVRs

It can be integrated within our standard

substation automation system

The SICAM Generation Control function can be easily extended

to a MICROGRID CONTROL solution

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Contact
Published by Siemens 2023

Smart Infrastructure
Electrification & Automation
Mozartstraße 31 C
91052 Erlangen
Germany

For the U.S. published by

Siemens Industry Inc.
100 Technology Drive
Alpharetta, GA 30005
United States

© Siemens 2023
Subject to changes and errors. The information given in this
document/video only contains general descriptions and/or
performance features which may not always specifically reflect those
described, or which may undergo modification in the course of further
development of the products. The requested performance features
are binding only when they are expressly agreed upon
in the concluded contract.
All product designations may be trademarks or other rights
of Siemens, its affiliated companies or other companies whose use
by third parties for their own purposes could violate the rights
of the respective owner.

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