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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) affects nearly 25% of the global population and is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver without significant alcohol consumption. It is linked to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, with diagnosis typically confirmed through imaging or liver biopsy, while management focuses on lifestyle changes and weight loss. Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications for NAFLD, but pharmacological trials are exploring potential treatments targeting disease mechanisms.

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9 views1 page

Converted Text

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) affects nearly 25% of the global population and is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver without significant alcohol consumption. It is linked to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, with diagnosis typically confirmed through imaging or liver biopsy, while management focuses on lifestyle changes and weight loss. Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications for NAFLD, but pharmacological trials are exploring potential treatments targeting disease mechanisms.

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ambujagnihotri229
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent chronic liver condition

worldwide, affecting nearly 25% of the global population. It is defined by the accumulation of fat
in the liver (>5% hepatocytes), in individuals who consume little to no alcohol. NAFLD
encompasses a spectrum of liver abnormalities, from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

NAFLD is closely associated with metabolic syndrome components such as obesity, type 2
diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Insulin resistance plays a central role in its
pathogenesis, leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic fat accumulation, oxidative stress, and
inflammation. Genetics also influence susceptibility; polymorphisms in the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2
genes are linked to disease progression.

Diagnosis is usually made via imaging studies like ultrasound or MRI, but liver biopsy remains the
gold standard to assess inflammation and fibrosis. Non-invasive tools such as the Fibrosis-4
(FIB-4) index and transient elastography (FibroScan) are increasingly used in clinical settings to
estimate fibrosis risk.

There are currently no FDA-approved medications specifically for NAFLD. Management focuses
primarily on lifestyle modification — weight loss of at least 7-10% can lead to significant
improvement in liver histology. A Mediterranean diet, regular exercise, and control of
comorbidities are essential components of therapy. In diabetic patients, GLP-1 receptor agonists
(e.g., liraglutide, semaglutide) and SGLT2 inhibitors have shown promise in reducing liver fat and
inflammation.

Pharmacological trials are underway for drugs targeting key mechanisms in NASH. Agents such
as obeticolic acid (a farnesoid X receptor agonist) and resmetirom (a thyroid hormone receptor-
beta agonist) are in advanced clinical trials and show potential for improving liver histology.
Antifibrotic therapies are also a major focus, given that fibrosis stage is the strongest predictor
of liver-related morbidity and mortality.

In conclusion, NAFLD is a silent yet progressive liver disease driven by lifestyle and metabolic
factors. With no definitive cure yet available, prevention, early diagnosis, and targeted
management remain the cornerstones of current clinical practice.

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