Grade 8 Biology
Ch- Reproduction in Humans
Notes 2022-23
Note: Copy all Que 1 to 5 of Short Answer Questions in CW
Copy Que No. 6,7 and 8 of Short Answer Questions in Text book.
Study Long Answers from attached/ printed notes.
I. Short Answer Questions:
1. Distinguish between the following pairs of terms:
(a) Egg and Sperm
Egg Sperm
1.Egg is produced in the ovaries 1.Sperm is produced in the testes
2. Egg is spherical in shape with the nucleus 2. Sperm has head with nucleus, middle
piece and tail
3. Egg is the female reproductive cell 3. Sperm is the male reproductive cell
(b) Sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
1. A type of reproduction in which two 1. A type of reproduction in which only one
parents are involved. parent is involved.
2. There is formation and fusion of the male 2. There is no formation or fusion of the
and female gametes. male and female gametes.
(c) Budding and regeneration
Budding Regeneration
1. Budding is a process in which buds grow 1. Regeneration is a process of cell division
on the outside of the parent body. to regrow the missing or lost parts.
2. Define the following terms:
(a) Fertilization: The process of fusion of sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus to produce a
zygote.
(b) Implantation: The natural way of fixing of the embryo in the wall of the uterus.
3. State the reason why testes lie outside the abdomen in a scortum?
Ans: Both the testes lie outside the abdominal cavity within the scortum at a temperature
which is 20C to 30C lower than the body temperature which is most suitable for sperm
production and development.
4. Why is it important that a very large number of sperms should be present in the
semen?
Ans: Single ejaculation of semen has 20,000,000 to 40,000,000 sperms. But only 1 or 2
sperms go into the oviduct (fallopian tube) and fertilise the egg to form a zygote. It forms an
embryo that forms an individual. It is the sperm in the semen that are of importance, and
therefore semen quality and quantity matters.
5. List the structures, in their correct sequence, through which the sperms must pass
from the time they are produced in the testes to the time they leave the urethra.
Ans: Sperms are produced in the testes. They pass as follows:
Testes----- Epididymis------Sperm duct-----Urethra.
6. State the functions of the following:
(a) Ovary: To produce eggs.
(b) Testes: To produce sperms.
(c) Fallopian tube: Fusion of egg and sperm occurs here. It also sends the fertilized egg and
unfertilized eggs to the uterus.
(d) Seminal vesicles: Produce secretion (seminal fluid) which serves as a medium for the
transportation of the sperms.
(e) Uterus: Embryo grows and develops here / the inner lining receives, protects and
nourishes embryo. Contractions of muscular wall expel / push baby during child birth.
7. Given here is a section of the female reproductive system in humans. (Refer to the
diagram given in the text book)
(a) Name the parts labelled 1 to 4.
Ans: 1 – Ovary 2- Oviduct / fallopian tube 3- Uterus 4- Vagina
(b) Name the part where fertilization occurs in the female reproductive system.
Ans: Fertilization occurs the oviduct / fallopian tube in the female reproductive system.
8. Given alongside is a diagram of the male reproductive system in humans. Label the
parts indicated by numbers 1 to 5, and state their functions. (Refer to the diagram given in
the text book)
Ans: 1- Seminal vesicle 2- Prostate gland 3- Testes 4- Urethra 5- Sperm duct
Functions:
Seminal vesicle: Produce secretion (seminal fluid) which serves as a medium for the
transportation of the sperms.
Prostate gland: Pours an alkaline secretion into the semen as it passes through urethra.
Testes: Produce sperms
Urethra: Passes through the penis and carries either urine or sperms.
Sperm duct: Sperms pass through sperm duct / Sperm duct serves as a canal to transport
sperms from the testes to the female reproductive system.
II. Long Answer Questions:
1. How does a single-celled fertilized egg grow into an adult human body?
Ans:
* The fertilized egg (zygote) divides and redivides to form a ball of many cells (embryo).
* This embryo reaches the uterus and gets attached to the walls of the uterus. This fixing
of embryo to the uterus wall is called implantation.
* Now the embryo undergoes a process “specialisation of cells”. This leads to the
formation of different parts of the body. This process is called differentiation.
* Differentiation leads to the formation of various tissues and other organs and thus organ
systems are formed.
* The organ system leads to the formation of an individual. Thus the zygote forms and
embryo, it forms a baby and then forms an adult.
2. Describe the human female reproductive system with a labelled diagram.
Ans:
One each side of the uterus two white oval bodies lie. These are called ovaries where eggs
are produced. Nearer to the ovaries lies expanded funnel shaped oviducts or fallopian
tubes. The eggs go into the oviducts when released by the ovaries. The two oviducts open
into the uterus. The wall of the uterus is muscular. The growing embryo gets attached to
the wall of the uterus. It is supplied by the food and blood through the placenta which is a
connection between the growing embryo and the mother. The uterus joins the vagina. It is
the vagina in which semen is introduced during sexual act. From here sperms go up into
the oviduct and fertilize the egg.
