ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

INTRODUCTION TO POWER BI

1. Define Microsoft Power BI.

Power BI is a business analytics/intelligence tool that offers interactive
visualizations with a simple interface which is developed by Microsoft. It is used to
create reports and dashboards.

2. What is data preparation?

Data preparation is the process of profiling, cleaning, and transforming your data to
get itready to model and visualize.

3. What is data modeling?

Data modeling is the process of determining how your tables are related to
each other.This process is done by defining and creating relationships between
the tables.

4. Define visualization.
It is the process of transforming data into charts,images,graphs and videos
that canexplain the numbers.

5. How to Download and Install Power BI Desktop

Step1 - Go to Official Microsoft Power BI Web Page - Microsoft Power BI

OfficialWebsite

Step2 - Select language, read the instructions below and click on the download option

Step3 - After installing Power BI Desktop just click on it to open it.

6. Mention the components of Power BI Components

● Power Query: This is a component that allows data connectivity by allowing the
users toimport and redesign the data that are spread across various platforms.
● Power Pivot: This can be accessed from an Excel Workbook and can be used as the
elementfor building a data model. It can also be used as a storage space
● Power View: This component uses the data model of Power Pivot just to offer a ‘drag-
and-drop function which helps the users to easily develop various visualizations

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● Power Map: These maps are used to highlight the differences present in the data or
visual data. These differences are shown with the help of colors
● Power Q/A: This component enables the users to use their natural language to ask a
question and also to receive an answer to their questions.
● Power BI Desktop: This component is the first and foremost in the Power BI
architecture as this is a free software through which one can easily connect to various
data sources.

7. Explain the building blocks of power BI?

● DataSets: Data or the collection of data that are imported are called Datasets.
Each of these datasets is connected to Power BI to make them be stored in one
single place.
● Visualization: When the data are represented in the form of
charts/graphs/diagrams/ any other form of visuals, it is called visualization.
These help in reforming the data for a better understanding.
● Reports: The visual representation of any collected data is called Reports and
they include charts, maps, graphs, and even tree maps.
● Dashboards: A single sheet that consists of numerous widgets and tiles is
called Dashboards. These are either created by the user himself or are
borrowed from the one created and shared by their colleague in the Power BI
service.
● Tiles: Each and every visual data stored in the dashboards are called a Tile. In
other words, the Dashboard is a collection of Tiles.

8. What are the core components of data analytics?

The core components of data analytics .are divided into the following categories:
 Descriptive analytics: Descriptive analytics help answer questions about what
has happened based on historical data. Descriptive analytics techniques
summarize large datasets to describe outcomes to stakeholders.
 Diagnostic analytics: Diagnostic analytics help answer questions about why
events happened. Generally, this process occurs in three steps:
1. Identify anomalies in the data.
2. Collect data that's related to these anomalies.
3. Use statistical techniques to discover relationships and trends that explain
these anomalies.
 Predictive analytics: Predictive analytics help answer questions about what will
happen in the future. Predictive analytics techniques use historical data to identify
trends and determine if they're likely to recur.
 Prescriptive analytics: Prescriptive analytics help answer questions about which
actions should be taken to achieve a goal or target. By using insights from
prescriptive analytics, organizations can make data-driven decisions.
 Cognitive analytics: Cognitive analytics attempt to draw inferences from existing data
and patterns, derive conclusions based on existing knowledge bases, and then add these

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 findings back into the knowledge base for future inferences, a self-learning
feedback loop.

9. Explain the roles played by the user in the data discovery.

 Business analyst: A business analyst is closer to the business and is a specialist in

interpreting the data that comes from the visualization. Often, the roles of data
analyst and business analyst could be the responsibility of a single person.
 Data analyst: Their responsibilities also include designing and building scalable and
effective data models.A data analyst is also responsible for the management of
Power BI assets, including reports, dashboards, and workspaces.
 Data engineer: They manage and secure the flow of structured and unstructured
data from multiple sources. Primary responsibilities of data engineers include the
use of on- premises and cloud data services and tools to ingest, egress, and
transform data from multiple sources.
 Data scientist: Data scientists perform advanced analytics to extract value from
data. A data scientist looks at data to determine the questions that need answers and
will often devise a hypothesis or an experiment and then turn to the data analyst to
assist with the data visualization and reporting.
 Database administrator: A database administrator implements and manages the
operational aspects of cloud-native and hybrid data platform. A database
administrator is responsible for the overall availability and consistent performance
and optimizations of the database solutions

10.Explain the task of data analysts in power BI.

 Prepare:Data preparation is the process of profiling, cleaning, and transforming your data to
get it ready to model and visualize.
 Model: Data modeling is the process of determining how your tables are related to
each other. This process is done by defining and creating relationships between the
tables.
 Visualize: The visualization task is where you get to bring your data to life.The
reports that are created during the visualization task help businesses and decision
makers understand what that data means so that accurate and vital decisions can be
made.
 Analyze: The analyze task is the important step of understanding and interpreting
the information that is displayed on the report
 Manage: Power BI consists of many components, including reports, dashboards,
workspaces, datasets, and more. As a data analyst, you are responsible for the
management of these Power BI assets, overseeing the sharing and distribution of
items, such as reports and dashboards, and ensuring the security of Power BI
assets.

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 11. Explain the steps involved to prepare the data for
analysis in power BI.(means how to import data from
external files.)

Step 1: Get data from files: In Power BI, on the Home tab, select Get data. In the list
that displays, select the option that you require(excel,sql,no-sql,csv).
Step 2: Select the file data to import: After the file has connected to Power BI Desktop,
the Navigator window opens. This window shows you the data that is available in your
data source.
Step 3: Select the check box (es) of the table(s) that you want to bring in to Power BI.
This selection activates the Load and Transform Data .
The Load button to automatically load your data into the Power BI model or select
the Transform Data button to launch the Power Query Editor, where you can review and
clean your data before loading it into the Power BI model.
Step 4: Change the source file : You might have to change the location of a source file for a
data source during development, or if a file storage location changes. To keep your reports
up to date. Step 5: After data is loaded generate the reports using charts(visualization).

12. What are the benefits of good data model?

A good data model offers the following
benefits:
 Data exploration is faster.
 Aggregations are simpler to build.
 Reports are more accurate.
 Writing reports takes less time.
 Reports are easier to maintain in the future.

13.How data modeling takes place in Power BI.

Step 1: Data models in power BI: Power BI will automatically detect all the
possible relations between different data sets. Sometimes we need to create a relation
between the data manually.
Select home🡪Models
Step 2: create and manage relationship: After selecting the manage relationship
there you will see active relations from one table to another. Here you can edit,
create and auto detect the relations between the tables.
Step 3: Calculate and measure data: To calculate and measure data we use DAX
(Data Analysis Expression) :It is a set of instructions used to calculate data from the
tables.
Expressions include add, subtract, multiply and percentage
etc… In this step you can add a new column or create a new
table.
Step 4: create visualization: After the relationship generated between the tables
using cardinality ratio, we can generate a visual charts so that a analyst can read the
data in tables easily.

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14. What are the different types of visualizations available in power BI?
 Table visualization: The table is a grid that contains related data in a
logical series of rows and columns. The table supports two dimensions
and it can also contain headers and a row for totals.
 Matrix visualization : it allows you to select one or more elements (rows,
columns, values) in the matrix to cross-highlight other visuals on the report
page.
 Bar and column chart : these visualizations present specific data across
different categories in a stacked or clustered format. The stacked format will
stack the information items on top of each other.
 Line and area charts: The line chart and area chart visualizations are
beneficial in helping you present trends over time. The main difference
between these two chart types is that the area chart highlights the magnitude
of change over time.
 Pie chart, donut chart, and Tree maps: These visualizations show you the
relationship of parts to the whole by dividing the data into segments. From a
data analysis perspective, these charts are not useful because interpreting the
data that they present can be difficult.
 Combo charts: The combo chart visualization is a combination of a column
chart and a line chart that can have one or two Y axes.
 Funnel visualization: The funnel visualization displays a linear process that
has sequential connected stages, where items flow sequentially from one
stage to the next.

15.Explain how to manage workspaces and datasets in Power BI.

Manage the workspace and datasets is nothing but how you work with the storage
in workspaces.The data storage mainly consists of own datasets, excel reports and
items
shared by someone.
How to manage workspace:
1. Select the arrow next to workspaces🡪 workspaces🡪 select the name of
the workspace (name of your workspace).
2. Select the settings icon.
Settings🡪Manage group storage
The datasets generated has two
tabs
Owned by us: You or someone in your group has uploaded the reports and
datasets to power BI account.
Owned by others: others have shared the reports in your group.
3. To delete a dataset or report, select the trash icon.

16.What is the limit per dataset that is imported in power BI?

1-GB

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17.What is the storage limit in shared and premium workspaces?
Shared workspace: 10
GB Premium
workspace:100 TB

18.What are the features of key influencers in power Bi visualization?

 Tabs: It helps to switch between views. Tabs are key influencers and
top segments
 Drop-down box: The value of the metric under investigation. Here
value selected will be low to high or high to low.
 Restatement: It helps you to interpret the statement in left pane.
 Left pane: It contains one visual. It can be a graph video or anything.
 Restatement: It helps you to interpret the statement in Right pane.
 Right pane: It contains one visual in right pane
 Average line: The average is calculated for all possible values available in
the chart.
 Check box: Filters out visual in the right pane to only show values

19.Define power BI smart narratives?

Smart narrative visualization helps you to quickly summarize visuals and reports.
Here automatically the summary of the reports visual.

20.What is cardinality ratio? Mention its relationship types?

Cardinality defines the number of relation from one table to another table.

The following are different types of relationships that you'll find in Power BI.
 Many-to-one (*:1) or one-to-many (1: *) relationship : Describes a
relationship in which you have many instances of a value in one column that are
related to only one unique corresponding instance in another column.
 One-to-one (1:1) relationship: Describes a relationship in which only one instance
of a value is common between two tables.
 Many-to-many (.) relationship: Describes a relationship where many values
are in common between two tables. Does not require unique values in either
table in a relation.

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