International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)

Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | April - 2025 SJIF Rating: 8.586 ISSN: 2582-3930

Microgrid Monitoring and Controlling Using PLC

[1]
Avinash Suryavanshi , [2] Swapnil Pharande , [3] Saurabh Thorat , [4] Pravin Surve
Guide- Prof.S.D Mangate
Savitribail Phule Pune University, Pune. Department of Electrical Engineering.
Shivnagar Vidya Prasarak mandal’s
College of Engineering, Malegaon ( BK ) Tal:-Baramati, Dist :- Pune

Abstract— Extra loads connected to backup sources should be

removed from hospitals and industries. Shedding is unavoidable
since overloading could happen if the additional loads are not
taken into account. The goal of this project is to create a PLC-
based automatic shedding system that will activate when the
main generator trips and we need to cut off non-essential. An
energy meter will be used to determine the power consumption.
This prepaid energy meter is smart. Prior to using the electricity,
you will recharge it. It will send a message to your mobile device
to inform you of the number of units consumed. PLC
(Programmable Logic Controller), Microgrid Systems, Power
System Stability, Energy Monitoring, Integration of Renewable
Energy.
Fig.1.2. electricity demand
I. INTRIDUCTION
India is currently dealing with a severe energy crisis. Even
though the country has been dealing with a vitality energy
crisis for a number of years, neither the legislature nor the
private sector have made any appropriate progress or made
any legitimate arrangements as of yet. Due to a lack of proper
understanding and implementation, this crisis could worsen.
The gap between generation and consumption is widening
daily as a result of the industrial revolution and population
growth.
Despite strong economic growth and interest in vitality, no Fig.1.2.3 load demand
steps have been taken to establish new age limits for the
necessary vitality sources. With increasing popularity, "load- III. DEMAND VS SUPPLY-
shedding"—constant power outages—is a common marvel. Indian is recently facing a shortfall between supply and demand
India's daily electricity consumption is between 15000-20,000 of electricity which is about 5500 MW. This shall translate into
MW, and it is growing daily. There is currently a shortfall of load-shedding on a large scale in the years to come if this
roughly 4000-5000 MW per day because it can only produce shortfall is not properly addressed.
15,000 MW per day. Trade, industry, and people's daily lives
are all being negatively impacted by this shortage.

II. ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION-

Domestic and industrial consumers together make nearly 55%
of the total country electricity requirements. Fig.1 illustrates
that industrial consumers spend 26% and domestic consumers
spend the highest rate which is nearly 43%. [2]

Fig. 2 predicts the demand of electricity in the future with the

average rising rate of 8%. With a Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) rising rate of 6% and an estimated income elasticity of Fig. 3shows demand and supply position for the years 2009-
demand of 1.35 over the period 1998-2013, the growth rate of 2030- [4
electricity demand per annum up to the year 2013 is projected
to be 8.1%. [3].

© 2025, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM44516 | Page 1

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | April - 2025 SJIF Rating: 8.586 ISSN: 2582-3930

IV. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

3. How to load the programm.
The whole document must be in Times New Roman or Times
fountain. Type 3 sources should n't be used. Other sources can
be used if necessary for special reasons.
Recommended fountain sizes are handed in Table 1.

V. TESTING AND EVALUATION IN PLC

Wonderware software are employed in microgrid. Automotive

Assembly, installations Management, Food and Beverage, CPG,
Mining and Essence, Power, Oil and Gas, Chemicals, Energy,
Water and Wastewater.
When an NPN PLC affair is in the ON state, positive current
peregrination through the affair device and also to the affair
outstation on the PLC and back to ground to close the circuit.
With the NPN configuration, the affair device is always handed
a positive voltage and is switched ON and OFF when the PLC
Fig 2 : Processing part of PLC affair provides a path or prevents the path for current to flow
from the affair terminal to base. Because the NPN affair" sinks"
the affair device's current to base, NPN labors are also
appertained to as" sinking" labors. The PLC configuration used
PLC as a "well working electrical and mechanical assembly in our design is NPN. This is achieved by short circling the 24V
which makes use of a programmable memory for the internal OUT to S/ S indicated in Fig. also short circuit- For switching
storage of instructions by realizing explicit functions, e.g., purpose( ON/ OFF) to power a relay is employed. We can not
reason, sequencing, timing, and to drive by computerized or link Arduino with relay directly because since Arduino contains
simple I/O modules of various types of machines or ATMEGA328P processor and its legs are able of supplying
processes." roughly 25mA, Processor legs contain high effective resistance
and a high voltage will" drop" since adding current will be
taken and a low voltage will increase as cargo.
What is a PLC?

Programmable sense Controller( PLC) is an advanced PC

currently used for robotization of colorful electro-mechanical Fig 4. Testing and Evaluation of PLC software.
processes. These regulators are specifically designed to
survive in harsh surroundings and cover from heat, cold,
dust, and moisture etc. PLC consists of a microchip that's
acclimatized with the help of law. Program is written on a PC
and is transferred to PLC through string. These layered
systems are stored in non – arbitrary memory of PLC. While
shifting transfer control boards to PLC, the hard wired hand-
off sense was changed with the program displeased by the
customer. According to IEC 61131- 3, following are the
conventional PLC programming language

Function block illustration( FBD)

ii. Graduation illustration( LD)
iii. Structured textbook( like Pascal language)

V. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Graduation sense is a programming language that creates and

addresses a program by way of stepping coprolite plates that
calculate upon circuit arrangements. It's most generally used
to make systems or programming for programmable
explanation regulators( PLCs), which are used in mechanical
systems. The language evolved from being an original
system for establishing the plan and elaboration of transfer
racks used in assembling and procedure control, with every
handoff rack addressed by an image on the stepping coprolite
illustration that has correspondences to widgets below them
that look like perpendicular rails. The transfer images
themselves appear like rungs in a stepping coprolite.

© 2025, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM44516 | Page 2

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | April - 2025 SJIF Rating: 8.586 ISSN: 2582-3930

VI. INTERMEDIATE RESULTS

The PLC is a hardware device in the SCADA system that reads

sensors (inputs) and activates control devices (outputs) when the
set parameters of the system are met. Due to its ability to
monitor data remotely and exercise logical control, PLC-
SCADA architecture is employed as a primary automation tool
in power industry in contemporary times.

Fig.6.1. first condition

Table 1 . Intermediate Result

VII. CONCLUSIONS
The design is enforced virtually in diligence and in
domestic colonies from further than one source. In tripping
situation, only designated loads are shut down and not the whole
system. This helps to help a great quantum of losses. It also
minimizes the mortal intervention and give applicable and
prompt automatic system. There's a inflexibility in precedence
Fig.6.2. Second condition list that through which loads can be shut down as per the
demand of diligence. System covering i.e. which source is
tripped and which loads are shut down is carried out through
suggestion lights installed on electric panel. The possibilities of
overfilling are avoided and there's a protection scheme that
prevents from any type of fault. colorful primer and tackle
cadence have been designed. still, the use of GSM in this
particular structure provides some advantages over styles that
have lately been espoused. Data transmission is billed at normal
SMS rates; therefore the freights are n't grounded on the length
of data transmission.
The cost saving transmission of readings ensures control
application esteems can be transmitted more constantly from
time to time to a remote station. The counteraccusations of
having the capability to transmit readings more frequently are
that energy serviceability will most probably induce timely
bills, understand energy request patterns more, manage cadence
failures more and manage fraud more. The frame likewise
presents significantly lower of a peril since mortal cooperation
has been limited. The created bill is
available as SMS at the time of age itself and published clones
Fig.6.3. Three condition are available to the buyer as postal correspondence. A soft dupe
can be transferred to the buyer's correspondence if client is
The Wonderware software now known as AVEVA is applied registered with his dispatch address.
across multiple industries, including: Automotive Assembly,
Facilities Management, Food and Beverage, CPG, Mining and
Metals, Power, Oil and Gas, Chemicals, Energy, Water and
Wastewater.

© 2025, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM44516 | Page 3

 International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM)
Volume: 09 Issue: 04 | April - 2025 SJIF Rating: 8.586 ISSN: 2582-3930

VIII. REFERENCES -

[1] Sheila H, Dr Shobha Shankar ” Study of Power Quality

Issues in Wind Distributed Generation System ”, IEEE Digital
Library, 978-1-5386- 3243 -7,664-668.
[2]Renewable energy in India- a modelling study for 2020-
2021 Energy Policy, Volume 28, Issue 15, December 2000,
runners 1095- 1109 L. Suganthi, A.
[3] Renewable energy for sustainable electrical energy system
in India Energy Policy, In Press, Corrected Proof, Available
online 23 March 2010 Subhash Mallah, N.K. Bansal
[4] National patterns of exploration affair and precedences in
renewable energy Energy Policy, Volume 30, Issue 2, January
2002, runners 131- 136 Ali Uzun.
[5] Energy- microfinance intervention for below poverty line
homes in India Energy Policy, Volume 37, Issue 5, May 2009,
runners 1694- 1712 P. Sharath Chandra Rao, Jeffrey B.
Miller, Young 000 Wang, J ohn B. Byrne.
[6] http/./ wwwmapsofindia.com.
http//mospi.nic.in/mospi_energy_stat.htm

© 2025, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM44516 | Page 4