What is Science?

-​ Pure Science - The study of science for the sole purpose of advancing our knowledge
-​ Applied Science - using current science and knowledge to discover new uses for that
knowledge
-​ The observation, identification , and investigation of natural phenomena in the physical
world
-​ Categories - Life, Earth, and Physical Science
What is Physical Science?
-​ The study of matter and energy - refers to physics and chemistry
-​ Chemistry - the science of matter, (composition, structures, reactions, and properties)
-​ Physics - the science of interactions of matter, energy, and their structures
How is Science done?
-​ Objective - experiments done by observational information (using your senses)
-​ Subjective - experiments decided by opinion, judgment, rumor, belief
Observations
-​ Any information collected with the senses (touch, hearing, sight, smell and taste)
-​ The skill of describing scientific events
Inference
-​ Conclusions or deductions based on observations
-​ The process of drawing a conclusion from given evidence
Theory vs Law
-​ Scientific Theory - explanation based on observations supported by experimental
results
-​ A theory is an attempt to explain why it happens
-​ Scientific Law - Predicts what happens
Data
-​ Must be organized
-​ Can be organized into charts, tables, or graphs
Analyzing the data
-​ Data analysis is the process of applying statistical and/or logical
techniques to describe and illustrate and evaluate data\
Conclusion
-​ The answer to the hypothesis based on the data obtained from the experiment
-​ You either reject the hypothesis or accept the hypothesis
Retest
In order to verify the results experiments must be tested
To rule out any experimental error or “luck”
Publish Results
-​ Publish for peer review and use for other people the scientific world
Measurement
What is a standard?
-​ An exact quantity that people agreed to use or comparison
Why is a standard important?
 -​ When all measurements are made by the same standard, the measurements can be
compared to each other
What system of measurement do other nations use?
-​ International system of units
-​ SI System (based on the power of 10)
What are SI units?
-​ Meter (m), liter (1), gram (g), Celsius ( ℃)
-​ Mass - Kilogram - kg
-​ Length - meter - m
-​ Time - second - s
-​ Temp - kelvin - K
-​ Electric current - ampere - A
-​ Amount of substance - mole - mol
-​ Luminous intensity - candela - cd
What does the metric system measure?
-​ The gram measures mass or how much something weighs
-​ The liter measures volume, which is used when measuring liquids
-​ The meter measures the length of an object or the distance from place to place
Step 1 - Determine if you're going to go up or down the ladder
Step 2 - determine how many steps there are from milligrams
Step 2- move the decimal point the amount of places that was determined inn steps 1
and 2
1000 mg = 1 g
1 ml = 1 cm3
Precisions and Accuracy
-​ Accuracy refers to the agreement of a particular value with the true value
-​ Precision refers to the degree of agreement among several measurements made in
the same manner
Uncertainty in Measurement
-​ Measuring with any device has some degree of uncertainty
-​ Read the measurement using all certain digits and one uncertain digit
-​ Certain digits are determined from the calibration marks on the measuring marks
on the measuring device
-​ The uncertain digit (space between the lines) is estimated to determine the
estimated digit divide the certain by 10
-​ Physical science
a.​ Chemistry
b.​ Physics
​ ​ 2. Pure Science
3. Applied science
4. Scientific Theory
5. Scientific law
6. Observation
7. Inference
8. Scientific method
9. Hypothesis ; how you think the experiment is going to go
10. Variables
a.​ Independent Variable
b.​ Dependent Variable: how you're going to measure it
c.​ Control
d.​ Constant
11. Physical science is the study of energy and matter
12. Standard is an exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison
13. Metric conversions
14. SI units
a.​ Base units (g, m,l)
b.​ Fundamental units
I. mass - Kg
Ii. Volume - L
Iii. length - m
Iv, temp - kelvin
Control - used for comparison
Constant - things you keep the same
Independent - things being tested
Dependent- what is being measured
Pure science - finding new knowledge or initial discovery
Applied Science - The use of pure science
A standard is an exact quantity that people agree on to use or comparison
Fundamental units
Time - seconds
Length - meter
Mass - kilogram
Amount of substance - mole
King henry died by drinking chunky milk