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Entrance Exam 2013 - 2014 Mathematics Duration : 3 hours

The distribution of grades is over 25 July 13 , 2013

I- ( 2.5 pts ) The space is referred to an orthonormal system ( O ; i , j , k ) .

Consider in the plane (P ) of equation 2x  y  2z  3  0 , the circle (C ) of center A(1 ;  3 ; 1) and radius 3 ;
and in the plane (Q ) of equation x  y  z  3  0 , the circle ( ) of center B( 2 ;  1 ; 0 ) and radius 3 .
1- Write a system of parametric equations of each of the axis (d ) of (C ) and the axis ( ) of ( ) .
2- Determine the point of intersection I of (d ) and ( ) .
3- Prove that I is the center of a sphere (S ) containing the circles (C ) and ( ) . Calculate the volume of (S ) .

II- ( 3.5 pts ) Consider the equation ( E ) : (cos2  ) z 2  (sin2 ) z  1  sin 2   0 where 0    .
2
Let M ' and M " be the images , in the complex plane , of the solutions z ' and z " of (E ) .
1- Calculate z ' and z " in terms of  and prove that , as  varies , z ' 2  z "2 remains constant .
2- Calculate M ' M " in terms of  and determine  so that M ' M " is minimum .
3- Prove that , as  varies , M ' and M " vary on a hyperbola (H ) of center O , for which the asymptotes ,
a focus and the associated directrix are to be determined . Draw (H ) .

III- ( 3.5 pts ) Consider the sequences (U n ) , (Vn ) and (Wn ) defined for all natural numbers n  1 by
13 2 3 n3 1 2 n 1 2 n
Un  4
 4
         4
; Vn  2  2          2 and Wn  sin 2  sin 2           sin 2 .
n n n n n n n n n
1
1- Prove that (U n ) has 1 as an upper bound and that (Vn ) converges to .
2
x3
2- a) Using the inequality (1) : x   sinx  x which is true for all x in [ 0 ;  [ , prove that :
6
k 1 k3 k k
For all n  1 and for all natural numbers k , 2  2
 4
 sin 2  2 .
n 6n n n n
1 1
b) Prove that , for all n  1 , Vn  2
 U n  Wn  Vn and deduce that Vn  2  Wn  Vn .
6n 6n
c) Prove that (Wn ) is convergent and determine its limit .

IV- ( 3.5 pts ) Consider an urn containing 10 balls of which n balls are green , m balls are red and the others
are white such that n  2 ; m  2 and n  m  8 .

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A player pays 5 $ and draws two balls at random from the urn; he gains 15 $ for each green ball drawn ,
5 $ for each red ball drawn and loses 5 $ for each white ball drawn .
Let X be the random variable that represents the total algebraic gain of the player after the game .

1- a) Determine the values of X .

b) Calculate p ( X  25) and p ( X  15 ) in terms of n and m .
1 2
c) Knowing that p ( X  25 )  and p ( X  15 )  , determine n and m .
15 15
2- Suppose in this part that the urn contains 3 green balls , 2 red balls and 5 white balls .
a) Determine the probability distribution of X and calculate its expected value .
b) Calculate the probability that the player has drawn 2 balls of same color knowing that his total
algebraic gain was positive .

V- ( 5 pts ) Given in an oriented plane , a circle (C ) of center A and radius 3 and a circle (C ' ) of center B and
radius 1 such that AB  6 .

1- Let S be the similitude of angle that transforms (C ) into (C ' ) .
3
a) Determine the ratio of S and justify that its center I is such that IA  3 IB .
18 6
b) Prove that IA  and IB  . Construct I .
7 7
2 2
2- Let r be the rotation of center A and angle and h the dilation of center A and ratio .
3 3
a) Construct the points D and E such that D  r (B ) and E  h(B ) .
BE
b) Calculate and ( AD ; BE ) . Deduce S (D) .
AD
c) Prove that I belongs to the circle circumscribed about the triangle ADE .
1
In what follows , refer the plane to the direct orthonormal system ( A ; u , v ) such that u  AB .
6
3- Determine the complex relation of the similitude S . Deduce the affix of I .
4- a) Determine the complex relation of each of the rotation r and the dilation h .
b) Determine the affix of each of the points D and E and verify that S ( D)  E .

VI- ( 7 pts ) Consider the function f defined on the interval ] 0 ;  [ by f ( x )  n 2 x  n x .

Let (C ) be the representative curve of f in an orthonormal system ( O ; i , j ) .
1- Determine the points of intersection A and B , ( x A  x B ) , of (C ) and the axis of abscissas .

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2- a) Set up the table of variations of f and determine the point S corresponding to the minimum of f .
1
b) Prove that the restriction of f to the interval ] 0 ; 1] has an inverse function f to be determined .

3- a) Study the concavity of (C ) and determine its point of inflection I .

b) Verify that the abscissas of the points A , B , S and I are , in a certain order , 4 consecutive terms of an
increasing geometric sequence whose common ratio is to be determined .
4- Draw (C ) . ( Unit : 2 cm )
5- a) Determine , in terms of  , an equation of the tangent (d ) to (C ) at the point M of abscissa  .
b) Determine the ordinate  of the point of intersection of (d ) with the axis of ordinates .
c) Prove that , as  traces ] 0 ;  [ ,  has a minimum  0 . Determine  0 and the corresponding
position of M .
6- a) Prove that , for all m   0 , there exists two points M 1 and M 2 on (C ) where the tangent to (C )
cuts the axis of ordinates at the point with ordinate m .
b) Prove that the abscissas  1 and  2 of M 1 and M 2 are such that 1  2  e 3 .
c) Determine the point E of (C ) such that the tangents to (C ) at E and B intersect on the axis of ordinates .
e


7- Consider the sequence ( I n ) defined on IN by I n  (n x ) n dx .
1
a) Using integration by parts , prove that , for all n  1 , I n  e  n I n 1 .
b) Calculate the area of the domain bounded by (C ) and the axis of abscissas in cm 2 .

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Entrance Exam 2013 - 2014 Solution of Mathematics Duration : 3 hours

The distribution of grades is over 25 July 13 , 2013

EXERCISE 1
1- The axis (d ) of (C ) is the perpendicular to (P ) at A ; u ( 2 ; 1 ;  2 ) is a direction vector of (d ) .
A system of parametric equations of (d ) is ( x  2t  1 ; y  t  3 ; z  2t  1 ; t  IR )
The axis ( ) of ( ) is the perpendicular to (Q ) at B ; v (1 ;  1 ;  1) is a direction vector of ( ) .
A system of parametric equations of ( ) is ( x  m  2 ; y  m  1 ; z  m ; m  IR ) .
2- The system ( 2t  1  m  2 ; t  3  m 1 ;  2t  1  m ) has a unique solution m  t  1 .
Therefore , (d ) and ( ) intersect at the point I ( 3 ;  2 ;  1) .
3- I belongs to (d ) then I is equidistant from all points of (C ) ; For any point M of (C ) , the triangle
IAM is right at A such that IA  4  1  4  3 and AM  r  3 then IM  IA 2  AM 2  12  2 3 .
I belongs to ( ) then I is equidistant from all points of ( ) ; For any point M of ( ) , the triangle
IBM is right at B such that IB  1  1  1  3 and BM  r ' 3 then IM  IB 2  BM 2  12  2 3 .
Therefore I is equidistant from all points of (C )  ( ) . Hence , I is the center of a sphere (S ) of radius
R  2 3 containing the circles (C ) and ( ) .

EXERCISE 2

1- ( E ) : (cos2  ) z 2  2 (sin cos ) z  1  sin 2   0 ; for all [ 0 ;
[ , the equation (E ) is quadratic .
2
 '  sin 2 cos2   cos2   sin 2 cos2    cos2   i 2 cos2  .
 sin cos  i cos 1 1
The solutions of (E ) are z '    tan   i and z "   tan   i.
cos 
2
cos cos
2 2
 1   1   1 
z ' 2  z "2    tan   i     tan   i   2  tan 2     2 (1)  2 .
 cos   cos   cos2  
 1 
OR z ' 2  z "2  z ' z "2  2 z ' z "   2 tan  2  2   tan 2    2 (1)  2 .
 cos 
2

2 2 2 
2- M ' M "  z ' z "  i   since 0    then cos  0 .
cos cos cos 2
M ' M " is minimum is equivalent to cos is maximum where 0  cos  1 ; therefore
M ' M " is minimum when cos  1 ; that is when   0

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1 1
3- M ' ( tan  ; ) and M " ( tan  ; ) are the images of z ' and z "
cos cos
1
The coordinates x and y of each of M ' and M " are such that x 2  y 2  tan 2    1 .
cos2 
Therefore , as  varies , M ' and M " vary on the hyperbola (H ) of equation y 2  x 2  1 .
The center of (H ) is the origin O , the asymptotes are the straight lines of equations y  x and y   x .
The focal axis of (H ) is the axis of ordinates .
a  b  1 then c  2 ; therefore F ( 0 2 ) is a focus of (H ) and the straight line (d ) of equation
a2 2
y  is the associated directrix .
c 2
Drawing (H ) .

EXERCISE 3
1 2 3 33 n3 n3 n3 n3 n3  n3 
1- U n                      then U                       n  4  1
n4 n4 n4 n4
n 4 4 4 4 n 
n
n n  n
  
n times

1  2  3               n n (n  1) n2 1 1
Vn  2
 2
then lim V n  lim 2
 and (Vn ) converges to .
n 2n n   n   2n 2 2
1 2 3 n
2- The sequence (Wn ) is defined for n  1 by Wn  sin 2  sin 2  sin 2                   sin 2 .
n n n n
3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
a) By applying (1) to 2 we get 2  6  sin 2  2 ; that is 2  2  4  sin 2  2 .
n n 6n n n n 6n n n n

b) By applying (1) to 2 for k  1 ; 2 ; 3                ; n  and adding the n inequalities we get

k
n
1
V n  2  U n  Wn  V n .
6n
1
For all n  1 , U n  1 then Vn  2  Wn  Vn .
6n
1 1 1
c) (Vn ) converges to and im 2
 0 then (Wn ) is convergent and its limit is equal to .
2 n 6 n 2

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EXERCISE 4

1- The random variable X represents the total algebraic gain of the player after the game .

a) ▪ If the player draws 2 green balls then , X  15  15  5  25 .

▪ If the player draws a green ball and a red one then , X  15  5  5  15 .
▪ If the player draws a green ball and a white one then , X  15  5  5  5 .
▪ If the player draws 2 red balls then , X  5  5  5  5 .
▪ If the player draws a red ball and a white one then , X  5  5  5  5 .
▪ If the player draws 2 white balls then X  5  5  5  15 .
Hence , the set of values of X is   15 ;  5 ; 5 ; 15 ; 25  .

b) When 2 balls are randomly drawn from the urn that contains 10 balls , the sample space is
equiprobable and consists of 10 C 2 possible outcomes .
▪ ( X  25 ) represents the event " the player draws 2 green balls " ; therefore
C n (n  1)
p ( X  25 )  n 2  .
10 C 2 90
▪ ( X  15) represents the event " the player draws a green ball and a red one " ; therefore
n m nm
p ( X  15 )   .
10 C 2 45

1 n (n  1) 1
c) p ( X  25 )  is equivalent to  ; n (n  1)  6 therefore n  3 .
15 90 15
2 nm 2
p ( X  15 )  is equivalent to  ; m n  6 where n  3 ; therefore m  2 .
15 45 15

2- Suppose in this part that the urn contains 3 green balls , 2 red balls and 5 white balls .
5 C2 2
a) ▪ ( X  15 ) is the event " the player draws 2 white balls " ; therefore p ( X  15 )   .
10 C 2 9
25 2
▪ ( X  5 ) is the event " the player draws 1 red ball and 1 white one " ; p ( X  5 )   .
C
10 2 9

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▪ ( X  5 ) is the event " the player draws 1 green ball and 1 white one or 2 red balls " ;
3 5 C 16
p ( X  5)   2 2  .
10 C 2 10 C 2 45
2 1
▪ p ( X  15 )  and p ( X  25 ) 
15 15
2 2 16 2 1
The expected gain of the player is X  15   5   5   15   25   1 $ .
9 9 45 15 15

b) Let A : " the player draws 2 balls of same color " and B : " the algebraic gain is positive " .
p( A  B )
The required probability is p( A / B )  where
p( B )
A  B : " the player draws 2 green balls or 2 red balls " ;
C 1 1 4
p ( A  B )  p ( X  25 )  2 2    and
10 C 2 15 45 45
25 5
p( B )  p( X  5 )  p( X  15 )  p( X  25 )   .
45 9
p( A  B ) 4
Therefore p( A / B )   .
p( B ) 25

EXERCISE 5


1- S is the similitude of center I angle that transforms (C ) into (C ' ) .
3
radius of (C ' ) 1
a) ▪ The ratio of S is k   .
radius of (C ) 3
1
▪ The similitude transforms the center A of (C ) into the center B of (C ' ) ; therefore IB  IA ;
3
that is IA  3 IB .

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I

b) S ( A )  B ; then ( IA ; IB )  ( 2 ) .
3 
▪ In triangle IAB we can write 3


AB 2  IA 2  IB 2  2 IA  IB  cos ; that is
3
36 A B
36  9 IB 2  IB 2  3 IB 2 ; IB 2  . Figure 10
7
6 18
Therefore IB  and IA  .
7 7
18
▪ The points A and B being given , the point I belongs to the circle ( ) of center A and radius
7
6
and the circle ( ' ) of center B and radius .
7

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
The circles ( ) and ( ' ) intersect at two points ; I is the point such that ( IA ; IB )   ( 2 ) .
3
D

( )

I
 ( ' )
3

2
3

A E B

Figure 11
2 2
2- Consider the rotation r  r ( A , ) and the dilation h  h ( A , ) .
3 3
2
a) ▪ D  r (B ) ; therefore D is the point such that AD  AB  6 and ( AB ; AD )  ( 2 ) .
3
2
▪ E  h(B ) ; therefore E is the point such that AE  AB ; therefore E is the point of [AB ]
3
such that AE  4 and BE  2 .

BE 2 1
b) ▪   .
AD 6 3
2 
▪ ( AD ; BE )  ( AD ; BA )   ( BA ; AD )   ( AB ; AD )       ( 2 ) .
3 3
▪ The above relations with S ( A )  B show that S ( D)  E .

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
c) S ( D)  E gives ( ID ; IE )  ( 2 ) .
3
The quadrilateral AEID is cyclic for having two supplementary opposite angles EIˆD and EAˆ D ;
therefore I belongs to the circle circumscribed about the triangle ADE .
1
The plane is referred to the direct orthonormal system ( A ; u , v ) such that u  AB .
6
3- In this system we have A( 0 ; 0 ) , B( 6 ; 0 )
1 
The complex relation of the similitude S ( I ; ; ) is of the form z '  a z  b where
3 3

1 i 1 1 3 1 3
▪ a e 3  (  i)   i .
3 3 2 2 6 6
▪ B  S (A ) ; that is z B  a z A  b ; 6  b .
1 3
Therefore the complex relation of S is z '  (  i) z  6.
6 6
b 6 36 36 (5  3 i ) 45 9 3
The affix of the center I of S is z I       i.
1 a 5 3 5 3i 28 7 7
 i
6 6
2
4- a) The complex relation of the rotation r ( A ; ) is of the form z '  a z  b where
3
2
i 1 3
▪ ae  
3 i .
2 2
▪ A  r (A ) ; that is b  0 .
1 3
Therefore the complex relation of r is z '  (   i)z .
2 2
2 2
The complex relation of the dilation h ( A ; ) is z ' z .
3 3
1 3 1 3
b) ▪ D  r (B ) ; therefore z D  (   i ) zB  6 (   i )  3  3 3 i ; D (  3 ;  3 3 ) .
2 2 2 2
2
▪ E  h(B ) ; therefore z E  z B  4 ; E ( 4 ; 0 ) .
3
1 3 1 3 1 3 3 3
▪ (  i ) zD  6  (  i)( 3  3 3i)  6    i i   6  4  z E ; therefore
6 6 6 6 2 2 2 2
S ( D)  E .

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EXERCISE 6
The function f is defined on the interval ] 0 ;  [ by f ( x )  n 2 x  n x .
1- The abscissas of the points of intersection of (C ) and the axis of abscissas are the solutions of the
equation f ( x)  0 which is equivalent to n 2 x  n x  0 ; n x  0 or n x  1 then x  1 or x  e .
The points of intersection of (C ) and x ' x are A(1 ; 0 ) and B(e ; 0 ) .
2- a) im n x    then im f ( x )  im (n 2 x  n x )    . x 0 e 
x 0  x 0  x 0 

im f ( x )  im n x (n x  1)    . f '(x )  0 +

x   x  
 
2n x  1 f (x )
f ' ( x)  . 
1
x 4
Table of variations of f Figure 18

1
The point of (C ) corresponding to the minimum of f is S ( e ;  ) .
4
b) The restriction of f to the interval ] 0 ; 1] is continuous and strictly decreasing then , it has an inverse
1
function f defined on f ( ] 0 ; 1] )  [ 0 ;  [ .
For all x in [ 0 ;  [ , y  f 1 ( x ) is equivalent to x  f ( y )  n 2 y  n y ; that is n 2 y  n y  x  0
1  1  4x  1  1  4x 
where y ] 0 ; 1] then n y ]   ; 0 ] ; therefore n y  and y  exp .

2  2 
 1  1  4x 
Finally , f 1
is defined on [ 0 ;  [ by f 1
( x )  exp  .

 2 
3  2n x x 0 e e 
3- a) f " ( x)  2
.
x f "( x )  0 
Table of concavity of (C )
3 (C ) concaves upwards downwards
The concavity of (C ) changes at the point I ( e e ; )
4 Figure 19
Which is the point of inflection of (C ) .
b) The abscissas of the points A , S , B and I are respectively 1 , e , e and e e ; these numbers
are , in this order , 4 consecutive terms of an increasing geometric sequence of common ratio e .
4- im f ( x )    then , the axis of ordinates is asymptote to (C ) .
x 0 

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n n x f (x )  n 2 x n x 
For all n in IN , im  0 then , im  im     0 ; therefore (C ) has at  

x   x x   x  
x  x x 
an asymptotic direction parallel to the axis of abscissas .
Drawing (C ) .

(C )

O A B x

Figure 20

5- a) An equation of the tangent (d ) to (C ) at the point M of abscissa  is y  f ' ( ) ( x   )  f ( ) ;

2 n   1
(d ) : y  ( x   )  n 2  n  .

b) (d ) cuts y ' y at the point of ordinate   n 2  3 n   1 .

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2
 3 5 5
c)   n   3 n   1   n    
2
then , as  traces ] 0 ;  [ ,  traces [  ;   [ and
 2 4 4
5 3
takes its minimum value  0   when n   ;   e e ; that is M  I .
4 2
2
 3 5
6- a)   m is equivalent to  n     m  .
 2 4
3 5 3 5
For all m   0 , the equation   m is equivalent to n    m  or n     m  ;
2 4 2 4
then , there exists two points M 1 and M 2 on (C ) with abscissas  1 and  2 such that
3 5 3 5
n  1   m  and n  2   m  where the tangent to (C ) cuts the axis of ordinates
2 4 2 4
at the point with ordinate m .

b) n 1  n  2  3 then n (1 2 )  3 ; that is 1  2  e 3 .

OR a)   m is equivalent to n 2  3 n   1  m  0 ; (n  ) 2  3 n   1  m  0 .
For the quadratic equation in n : (n  ) 2  3 n   1  m  0 ,   4m  5 then ,
5
For all m     , this equation has two solutions in n and , since n can take any real value ,
4
therefore there exists two values of  for which   m ; hence there exists two points M 1 and
M 2 on (C ) where the tangent to (C ) cuts the axis of ordinates at the point with ordinate m .
b) n 1 and n  2 are the solutions of the quadratic equation in n : (n  ) 2  3 n   1  m  0 ;
therefore n 1  n  2  3 then n 1   2   3 ; that is 1  2  e 3 .
c) The tangents to (C ) at E and B intersect on the axis of ordinates if and only if the abscissa of E is such

that x B  x E  e 3 where x B  e then x E  e 2 ; E( e 2 ; 2 )

(n x ) n 1
7- a) Let u ( x )  (n x ) n and v ' ( x )  1 then u ' ( x )  n and v ( x )  x ; therefore
x

 
e e

 
e
I n  (n x ) dx  x (n x )
n n
1  n (n x ) n 1 dx  e  n I n 1 .
1 1

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
b) For all x in [1 ; e ] , f ( x )  0 then , the required area S is such that S   f ( x ) dx units of area .
1
e e

 f ( x ) dx   (n x  n x )dx  I  I1 .
2
2
1 1
e e
I 0  dx   x   e  1 then I 1  e  I 0  1 and I 2  e  2 I1  e  2 ; therefore
  f ( x ) dx  e  3 .
e
1
1 1
Finally , S  3  e units of area ; that is S  12  4 e cm 2 .

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