DETERMINANTS
Consider the system of two homogeneous linear equations
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 = 0
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 = 0
𝑎 𝑏 Row
𝑐 𝑑
Columns
Values ad - bc
Evaluate
5 4 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
1 2
−2 3 − cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
𝑥−1 1 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑥+𝑦
3 4 2
𝑥3 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑥−𝑦
1 log 𝑎 𝑏
5
log 𝑏 𝑎 1
Determinant is generally denoted by D or Δ
A determinant of the nth order consists of n rows and n columns and its expansion
contains 𝑛! terms
A determinant of the nth order consists of n rows and n columns
No of constituents in determinants = 𝑛2
Sign system
+ − +
+ −
− + −
− +
+ − +
Expansion of third order
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
Evaluate
1 2 4
3 4 9
2 −1 6
1 sin 𝜃 1
Δ = − sin 𝜃 1 sin 𝜃 prove that 2 ≤ Δ ≤ 4
−1 − sin 𝜃 1
Sarrus Rule
3 2 5
Expand 9 −1 4 by Sarrus Rule
2 3 −5
1 4 20
Sum of real roots of the equation 1 −2 5 =0
1 2𝑥 5𝑥 2
𝜆2 + 3𝜆 𝜆−1 𝜆+3
𝑝𝜆4 + 𝑞𝜆3 + 𝑟𝜆2 + 𝑠𝜆 + 𝑡 = 𝜆2 + 1 2−𝜆 𝜆 − 3 then t is
𝜆2 − 3 𝜆+4 3𝜆
I𝑓 𝐴 , 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓
tan 𝐴 1 1
1 tan 𝐵 1
1 1 tan 𝐶
𝑎 1 1
𝐼𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑡 1 𝑏 1 is positive ,then (a , b , c > 0) prove abc > -8
1 1 𝑐
1 3 cos 𝜃 1
Δ = sin 𝜃 1 3 cos 𝜃 , the maximum value of Δ is
1 sin 𝜃 1
cos α cos β cos α sin β − sin α
Evaluate − sin β cos β 0
sin α cos β sin α sin β cos α
A triangle has vertices 𝐴𝑖 𝑥i , 𝑦i for i = 1, 2 ,3 .If the orthocentre of triangle is (0 , 0)
then prove that
𝑥2 − 𝑥3 𝑦2 − 𝑦3 𝑦1 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 + 𝑥1 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
𝑥3 − 𝑥1 𝑦3 − 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 − 𝑦1 + 𝑥2 𝑥3 − 𝑥1 =0
𝑥1 − 𝑥2 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 + 𝑥3 𝑥1 − 𝑥2
If 𝜔 ≠ 1 is a cube root of unity and x + y + z ≠ 0 , then
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
1+𝜔 𝜔+𝜔2 𝜔2 +1
𝑦 𝑧 𝑥
𝜔+𝜔2 𝜔2 +1 1+𝜔
= 0 if x = y = z
𝑧 𝑥 𝑦
𝜔2 +1 1+𝜔 𝜔+𝜔2
α β Y
If α, β, Y are the roots of ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 and β Y α =0
Y α β
α ≠ β ≠ Y , then find the equation whose roots are α + β − Y, β + Y − α, Y + α − β
Minors and Cofactors
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
Minor of an element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 is expressed as 𝑀𝑖𝑗 and is obtained by removing ith
row and jth column
Co factor
Cofactor of an element 𝑎𝑖𝑗 is expressed as 𝐶𝑖𝑗 and is calculated as
:𝐶𝑖𝑗 = −1 i+𝑗 𝑀
𝑖𝑗
Find minor 𝑀23 and cofactor 𝐶23 in the following determinant :
1 2 3
3 1 2
2 1 4
Calculation of Determinant
It is sum of , product of elements of a row (or column ) with their corresponding
co factors
𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13
𝐴 = 𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23
𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33
𝐴 = 𝑎11 𝐶11 + 𝑎12 𝐶12 + 𝑎13 𝐶13
Note:
𝑎11 𝐶21 + 𝑎12 𝐶22 + 𝑎13 𝐶23 = 0
𝑎11 𝐶31 + 𝑎12 𝐶32 + 𝑎13 𝐶33 = 0
Multiplying a scalar with a Determinant
The scalar (number) gets multiplied in any one row or column
Properties of Determinant
1 Determinant is zero if any row or column is zero
Properties of Determinant
2 Determinant is zero if two rows or columns have equal or proportional
values
Properties of Determinant
3 Transposing a determinant i.e. shifting all the rows to corresponding columns or
shifting all the columns to corresponding rows.
Transposing of determinant denoted by Δ𝑇
Δ𝑇 = Δ
2
−7 5 + 3𝑖 − 4𝑖
3
5 − 3𝑖 8 4 + 5𝑖 prove that the value of the determinant is real
2
+ 4𝑖 4 − 5𝑖 9
3
4 Interchanging two row or two column
Without expanding the determinants prove that
103 115 114 113 116 104
111 108 106 + 108 106 111 = 0
104 113 116 115 114 103
If 𝑥1 − 𝑥2 2 + 𝑦1 − 𝑦2 2 = 𝑎2
𝑥2 − 𝑥3 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦3 2 = 𝑏2 2
𝑥1 𝑦1 1
𝑥3 − 𝑥1 2
+ 𝑦3 − 𝑦1 2
= 𝐶2 Then 4 𝑥2 𝑦2 1 is equal to
𝑥3 𝑦2 1
(A) abc(a+b+c) (B) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 4 (C)(a+b+c)(a-b+c)(b+c-a)(a+b-c) (D) none of these
Multiplying each element of a row or a column by a constant m ,the value of
5
new determinant becomes m times the original determinant.
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑧 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Prove that 𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑧2 = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
1 1 1 𝑦𝑧 𝑥𝑧 𝑥𝑦
1 log 𝑥 𝑦 log 𝑥 𝑧
For x , y , z > 0 prove that log 𝑦 𝑥 1 log 𝑦 𝑧 =0
log 𝑧 𝑥 log 𝑧 𝑦 1
Without expanding at any stage , prove that
0 𝑎 −𝑏
−𝑎 0 −𝑐 = 0
𝑏 𝑐 0
Consider the fourth degree polynomial equation
a1 + b1 x 2 𝑎1 x 2 + b1 c1
a2 + b2 x 2 a2 x 2 + b2 c2 = 0 find the all roots of the equation
a3 + b3 x 2 a3 x 2 + b3 c3
6 The addition of m- times the elements of jth row to the corresponding
elements of ith row 𝑅𝑖 → 𝑅𝑖 + 𝑚𝑅𝑗
7 Determinant of Addition / Difference of two determinants
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑎′ 𝑏′ 𝑐′ 𝑎1 + 𝑎′ 𝑏1+ 𝑏 ′ 𝑐1 + 𝑐 ′
𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 + 𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 = 𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3
𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3 𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3 𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3
41 1 5
Find the value of 79 7 9
29 5 3
1 𝜔 𝜔2
𝜔 𝜔2 1
𝜔2 1 𝜔
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂
𝒚 𝒛 𝒙
𝒚 𝟐 𝒙
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝟐 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝟐
𝟐 𝒙 𝒚
𝟐 𝒙 𝒚
𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝟑 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒂 𝟑
𝒙 𝒚 𝟐
1 𝑎 𝑏+𝑐
1 𝑏 𝑐+𝑎
1 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏
𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐
𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎
1 𝑏𝑐 𝑎 𝑏+𝑐
1 𝑐𝑎 𝑏 𝑐+𝑎
1 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥
𝑧 𝑥 𝑦
1 1 1
cosec 2 𝜃 cot 2 𝜃 1
cot 2 𝜃 cosec 2 𝜃 −1
42 40 2
𝑏2 𝑐 2 𝑏𝑐 𝑏+𝑐
𝑐 2 𝑎2 𝑐𝑎 𝑐+𝑎
𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎+𝑏
sin 𝛼 cos 𝛼 sin 𝛼 + 𝛿
sin 𝛽 cos 𝛽 sin 𝛽 + 𝛿
sin 𝑌 cos 𝑦 sin 𝑌 + 𝛿
2𝑦 + 4 5𝑦 + 7 8𝑦 + 𝑎
If a , b , c are in A.P ,find the value of 3𝑦 + 5 6𝑦 + 8 9𝑦 + 𝑏
4𝑦 + 6 7𝑦 + 9 10𝑦 + 𝑐
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐼𝑓 Δ1 = 𝑥 2 𝑦2 𝑧 2 and Δ2 = 𝑦𝑧 𝑧𝑥 𝑥𝑦 then prove that both are equal
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝐴𝑥 𝑥2 1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
𝐼𝑓 Δ = 𝐵𝑦 𝑦2 1 and Δ1 = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 ,then show that both are equal
𝐶𝑧 𝑧2 1 𝑦𝑧 𝑧𝑥 𝑥𝑦
Skew Symmetric Determinant
𝑎𝑖𝑗 = −𝑎𝑗𝑖
𝐴 = −𝐴𝑇
Determinant value of skew symmetric determinant
0 𝑏−𝑎 𝑐−𝑎
𝑎−𝑏 0 𝑐−𝑏
𝑎−𝑐 𝑏−𝑐 0
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 𝑐 + 𝑑𝑥 𝑝 + 𝑞𝑥 𝑎 𝑐 𝑝
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 = 1 − 𝑥 2 𝑏 𝑑 𝑞
𝑢 𝑣 𝜔 𝑢 𝑣 𝜔
1 𝑎 𝑎2
1 𝑏 𝑏2 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎
1 𝑐 𝑐2
1 𝑎 𝑎3
1 𝑏 𝑏 3 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 (a+b+c)
1 𝑐 𝑐3
1 𝑎2 𝑎3
1 𝑏2 𝑏 3 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
1 𝑐2 𝑐3
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 = − 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑥𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+2 𝑥 𝑛+3
1 1 1
If 𝑦 𝑛 𝑦 𝑛+2 𝑦 𝑛+3 = 𝑦 − 𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑦 + + then value of n is
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑧𝑛 𝑧 𝑛+2 𝑧 𝑛+3
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2 𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑧2
𝑥3 𝑦3 𝑧3 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
1 1 1
In triangle ABC 1 + sin 𝐴 1 + sin 𝐵 1 + sin 𝐶 =0 ,then
sin 𝐴 + sin2 𝐴 sin 𝐵 + sin2 𝐵 sin 𝐶 + sin2 𝐶
prove that triangle ABC is an isosceles triangle
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
𝑏𝑐 𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏
If 𝑥 ≠ 𝑦 ≠ 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑥2 1+𝑥 3 is 0 then prove that xyz = -1
𝑦 𝑦2 1+𝑦 3
2 𝑧2 1+23
𝑥 𝑥2 1 + 𝑃𝑥 3
𝑦 𝑦2 1 + 𝑝𝑦 3
𝑧 𝑧2 1 + 𝑝𝑧 3
1 𝑎 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐
1 𝑏 𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑐
1 𝑐 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏
𝑘𝑎 𝑘 2 + 𝑎2 1
The value of the determinant 𝑘𝑏 𝑘 2 + 𝑏2 1 is
𝑘𝑐 𝑘2 + 𝑐2 1
1 1 1
if 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 where a,b,c all are different ,then the
𝑎3 𝑏 3 𝑐 3
determinant
1 1 1
𝑥−𝑎 2 𝑥−𝑏 2 𝑥−𝑐 2 vanishes when x is
𝑥−𝑏 𝑥−𝑐 𝑥−𝑐 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑎 𝑥−𝑏
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝐶2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝐶2
2 2 2 ,𝐵 = 𝑎
If𝐴 = 𝑎+1 𝑏+1 𝐶+1 𝑏 𝐶 then
𝑎−1 2 𝑏−1 2 𝐶−1 2 1 1 1
(a) A = 2B (b) A = 4B (c) A = 8B (d) none
Test - 01
6i −3i 1
(1) If 𝑧 = 4 3i −1 then arg (z) =
20 3 i
𝜋
(a) 0 (b) 𝜋 (c) (d) none
2
𝑋+1 𝑋+2 𝑋+𝛼
(2) If x is real number such that 𝑋 + 2 𝑋+3 𝑋+𝛽 =0 Then 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝑌 are in
𝑋+3 𝑋+4 𝑋+𝑌
(a) AP (b) GP (c) HP (d) none
1 sin 𝜃 1
3 Δ = − sin 𝜃 1 sin 𝜃 then value of Δ lies in the interval
−1 − sin 𝜃 1
(a) [3,4] (b) [2,4] (c) [1,4] (d) none
𝑎 𝛽 𝑌
(4) If𝛼, 𝛽, 𝑌 are the roots of 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏 = 0 , then the value of 𝛽 𝑦 𝑎
𝑌 𝛼 𝛽
(a) −𝑎3 (b) 𝑎3 − 3𝑏 (c) 𝑎3 (d) 𝑎2 -3b
𝑛
2𝑟−1 2 3𝑟−1 4 5𝑟−1
(5) If Δ𝑟 = 𝛼 𝛽 𝑌 then Δ𝑟
2n − 1 3𝑛 − 1 5𝑛 − 1 𝑟=1
1
𝑎 𝑛 𝑛+1 (b)0 (c) 𝛼𝛽𝑌 (d) none
2
tan 𝐴 1 1
(6) If A ,B , C are the angles of a non right angle triangle ABC , then the value of 1 tan 𝐵 1
1 1 tan 𝐶
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) -1 (d)-2
(7) If the value of a third order determinant is 11 ,then the value of the square of the determinant formed by
the cofactors will be
(a) 11 (b) 121 (c) 1331 (d) 14641
3−𝑥 −6 3
(8) Sum of roots of the equation −6 3−𝑥 3 =0
3 3 −6 − 𝑥
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) none
1 log 𝑥 𝑦 log 𝑥 z
(9) For positive numbers x , y ,z the numerical values of the determinant log 𝑦 𝑥 1 log 𝑦 𝑧 is
log z 𝑥 log z 𝑦 1
(a) 0 (b) log 𝑥 𝑦𝑧 (c) log( 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧) (d) none
(10) The system of equations sin 3𝜃𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0 , cos 2𝜃𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0, 2𝑥 + 7𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 0 has non-trivial solutions
,consider the following statements
𝑛
𝜋 𝑛 −1
−3
i 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 ii 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 iii 𝜃 = 𝑛𝜋 + −1 sin
6 2
Then correct statement are
𝑎 i iii 𝑏 ii iii 𝑎 i ii 𝑎 i iii
(11) The system of linear equation x + y + z = 2 , 2x + y – z = 3 , 3x + 2y + kz = 4 has a unique solution then
𝑎 𝑘≠0 (b) -1 < k < 1 𝑐 𝑘=0 (d) --2 < k < 2
If𝐴 =
(12) 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝐶2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝐶2
𝑎+1 2 𝑏+1 2 𝐶+1 2
,𝐵 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝐶 then
𝑎−1 2 𝑏−1 2 𝐶−1 2
1 1 1
(a) A = 2B (b) A = 4B (c) A = 8B (d) none
𝑐1 𝑎1 𝑏1
(13)If 𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 , 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 , 𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 are three digit even natural numbers and Δ = 𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑏2 then Δ is
𝑐3 𝑎3 𝑏3
(A) Divisible by 8 (B) Divisible by 2 but not necessarily by 4
(c) Divisible by 4 but not necessarily by 8 (D ) none
1 + 𝑥1 1 + 𝑥𝑥1 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑥1
(14) Value of 1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥𝑥2 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑥2 depends upon
1 + 𝑥3 1 + 𝑥𝑥3 1 + 𝑥 2 𝑥3
𝐴 𝑥 only 𝐵 𝑥1 only 𝑐 𝑥2 only 𝐷 𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑒
(15) If the system of equations x + y + z =6 , x + 2y + 3z =14 , and 2x + 5y + 𝜆𝑧 = 𝜇 has unique solution
(A) 𝜆 ≠ 8 𝐵 𝜆 = 8, 𝜇 ≠ 36 (c) 𝜆 = 8, 𝜇 = 36 (D) none
(16) a , b , c are distinct real numbers , not equal to one . If ax +y +z =0 ,x + by + z =0 , x + y +cz=0 have a non trivial solution
,then the value of 1 1 1
+ +
1−𝑎 1−𝑏 1−𝑐
(A) -1 (B) 1 (c) 0 (D) none
𝑎 𝑏−𝑐 𝑏+𝑐
(17) If 𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑎 = 0 , then the line ax + by +c = 0 passes through the fixed point which is
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐
(A) (1,2) (B) (1,1) (C) (-2,1) (D) (1,0)
1 𝑥 𝑥2
(18) For the equation 𝑥 2 1 𝑥 =0
𝑥 𝑥2 1
(A) Two distinct roots (B) Modulus of each root is 2
(C) Three pair of equal roots (D) none
𝑎+2 𝑎+3 𝑎 + 2𝑥
(19) If x , y , z are in AP then value of 𝑎 + 3 𝑎 + 4 𝑎 + 2𝑦
𝑎+4 𝑎+5 𝑎 + 2𝑧
(A) 1 (B) 0(c) 2a (D) a
1 1 1
20 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 Δ = 1 1 + sin 𝜃 1
1 1 1 + cos 𝜃
3ൗ 1
(A) 2 (B) 1/2 (c) (D) none
2
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 =𝑘 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 𝑎1 + 𝑝𝑏1 𝑏1 + 𝑞𝐶1 𝐶1 + 𝑟𝑎1
Suppose D = 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 and 𝐷𝑟 = 𝑎2 + 𝑝𝑏2 𝑏2 + 𝑞𝐶2 𝐶2 + 𝑟𝑎2
𝑎3 𝑏3 𝑐3 𝑎3 + 𝑝𝑏3 𝑏3 + 𝑞𝐶3 𝐶3 + 𝑟𝑎3
Relation between D and 𝑫𝒓
If 𝑎1, 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 … 𝑎𝑛 from a G.P and 𝑎𝑖 > 0 for i≥1 then
log 𝑎𝑛 log 𝑎𝑛+1 log 𝑎𝑛+2
log 𝑎𝑛+3 log 𝑎𝑛+4 log 𝑎𝑛+5 is
log 𝑎𝑛+6 log 𝑎𝑛+7 log 𝑎𝑛+8
If a , b , c are positive and are pth , qth and rth terms ,respectively ,of a G.P then
log 𝑎 𝑝 1
Δ = log 𝑏 𝑞 1 is equal to
log 𝑐 𝑟 1
If x , y , z are in AP ,then the value of determinant
𝑎+2 𝑎 + 3 𝑎 + 2𝑥
𝑎+3 𝑎 + 4 𝑎 + 2𝑦
𝑎+4 𝑎 + 5 𝑎 + 2𝑧
3 4 5 𝑥
4 5 6 𝑦
If Δ = =0 ,then x , y ,z in
5 6 7 𝑧
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 0
𝜆2 + 3𝜆 𝜆−1 𝜆+3
𝑝𝜆4 + 𝑞𝜆3 + 𝑟𝜆2 + 𝑠𝜆 + 𝑡 = 𝜆2 + 1 2−𝜆 𝜆 − 3 then p is
𝜆2 − 3 𝜆+4 3𝜆
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 𝑥
𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 4𝑥 2𝑥 = 𝑥 3
10𝑥 + 8𝑦 8𝑥 3𝑥
1 1+𝑝 1+𝑝+𝑞
Prove that 2 3 + 2𝑝 1 + 3𝑝 + 2𝑞 = 1
3 6 + 3𝑝 1 + 6𝑝 + 3𝑞
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Show that 𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟+𝑝 𝑝+𝑞 =2 𝑝 𝑞 𝑟
𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
1+𝑎 1 1
1 1 1
1 1+𝑏 1 = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 1 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
1 1 1+𝑐
𝑏+𝑐 2 𝑎2 𝑎2
3
𝑏2 𝑐+𝑎 2 𝑏2 = 2𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐
𝑐2 𝑐2 𝑎+𝑏 2
𝑏+𝑐 2 𝑏𝑎 𝑐𝑎
𝑎𝑏 𝑐+𝑎 2 𝑐𝑏
2
𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
1 + 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 2𝑎𝑏 −2𝑏
2𝑎𝑏 1 − 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 2𝑎 = 1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 3
2𝑏 −2𝑎 1 − 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
𝑏𝑎 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 = 4𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑐 2
𝑐𝑎 𝑐𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
3 4 5 𝑥
4 5 6 𝑦
(1) = 0 then prove that x ,y z are in AP
5 6 7 𝑧
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 0
If a > 0 and discriminant of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 < 0 then value of determinant
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏
Δ= 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 is negative
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 0
1 𝑛 𝑛
Δ𝑘 = 2𝑘 𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 1 𝑛2 + 𝑛 , σ𝑛𝑘=1 Δ𝑘 = 56, n is
2𝑘 − 1 𝑛2 𝑛2 + 𝑛 + 1
sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 ∈ − 4 , 4 find roots
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝑎 𝑏−𝑦 𝑐−𝑧
If x,y,z are different from zero and Δ = 𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑧 = 0 then value of
𝑎−𝑥 𝑏−𝑦 𝑐
a/x + b/y +c/z
In triangle ABC if
1 1 1
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
cot cot cot = 0 then the triangle must be
2 2 2
𝐵 𝐶 𝐶 𝐴 𝐵
tan + tan tan + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴/2 tan + tan
2 2 2 2 2
The number of positive integral solutions of the equation
𝑥3 + 1 𝑥2𝑦 𝑥2𝑧
𝑥𝑦 2 𝑦3 + 1 𝑦 2 𝑧 = 11
𝑥𝑧 2 𝑦𝑧 2 𝑧3 + 1
𝑎 𝑏−𝑐 𝑏+𝑐
If 𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑎 = 0 ,then the line ax +by + c =0 passes through fixed point
𝑎−𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐
𝑥 2 𝑥
Let 𝑥 2 𝑥 6 = 𝐴𝑥 4 + 𝐵𝑥 3 + 𝐶𝑥 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸 .Then the value of
𝑥 𝑥 6
5A+4B+3C+2D+E
𝑎2 + 𝑑 2 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐𝜆 𝑐𝑎 − 𝑏𝜆 𝜆 𝑐 −𝑏
𝑎𝑏 − 𝑐𝜆 𝑏 2 + 𝜆2 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝜆 −𝑐 𝜆 𝑎 = 1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 3 then value of
𝑐𝑎 + 𝑏𝜆 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝜆 𝑐 2 + 𝜆2 𝑏 −𝑎 𝜆
PRODUCT OF DETERMINANTS
𝑎1 𝑎2 𝑎3 𝑝1 𝑝2 𝑝3
Δ1 = 𝑏1 𝑏2 𝑏3 Δ2 = 𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑞3
𝑐1 𝑐2 𝑐3 𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑟3
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2
2
𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 2 𝑐−𝑎 2 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
3 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3
= 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎4 + 𝑏 4 + 𝑐 4
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 + 𝑐 3 𝑎5 + 𝑏 5 + 𝑐 5
𝑎−𝑥 2 𝑎−𝑦 2 𝑎−𝑧 2 1 + 𝑎𝑥 2 1 + 𝑎𝑦 2 1 + 𝑎𝑧 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑏−𝑥 𝑏−𝑦 𝑏−𝑧 = 1 + 𝑏𝑥 1 + 𝑏𝑦 1 + 𝑏𝑧
2 2 2 2 2 2
𝑐−𝑥 𝑐−𝑦 𝑐−𝑧 1 + 𝑐𝑥 1 + 𝑐𝑦 1 + 𝑐𝑧
If 𝛼, 𝛽 ≠ 0 and 𝑓 𝑛 = 𝛼 𝑛 + 𝛽𝑛
3 1+𝑓 1 1+𝑓 2
1+𝑓 1 1+𝑓 2 1+𝑓 3 =𝑘 1−𝛼 2 1−𝛽 2 𝛼−𝛽 2 find the value of k.
1+𝑓 2 1+𝑓 3 1+𝑓 4
JEE MAIN 2014
𝑎1 𝑥1 + 𝑏1 𝑦1 𝑎1 𝑥2 + 𝑏1 𝑦2 𝑎1 𝑥3 + 𝑏1 𝑦3
𝑎2 𝑥1 + 𝑏2 𝑦1 𝑎2 𝑥2 + 𝑏2 𝑦2 𝑎2 𝑥3 + 𝑏2 𝑦3 =0
𝑎3 𝑥1 + 𝑏3 𝑦1 𝑎3 𝑥2 + 𝑏3 𝑦2 𝑎3 𝑥3 + 𝑏3 𝑦3
2 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑⋅ 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐𝑑
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐+𝑑 2 𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑐 𝑑 𝑎 + 𝑏
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑐𝑑 𝑎𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑐 𝑑 𝑎 + 𝑏 2𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑
⋅
For all values A , B , C and P , Q ,R
cos 𝐴 − 𝑃 cos 𝐴 − 𝑄 cos 𝐴 − 𝑅
cos 𝐵 − 𝑃 cos 𝐵 − 𝑄 cos 𝐵 − 𝑅 =0
cos 𝐶 − 𝑃 cos 𝐶 − 𝑄 cos 𝐶 − 𝑅
𝑏+𝑥 𝑐+𝑥 𝑐+𝑥 𝑎+𝑥 𝑎+𝑥 𝑏+𝑥
𝑏+𝑦 𝑐+𝑦 𝑐+𝑦 𝑎+𝑦 𝑎+𝑦 𝑏+𝑦 =
𝑏+𝑧 𝑐+𝑧 𝑐+𝑧 𝑎+𝑧 𝑎+𝑧 𝑏+𝑧
Δ𝐶 = Δ𝑛−1
Where n is order of determinant
1 𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥2 − 1 0 𝑥 − 𝑥2
𝑥 𝑥2 1 =3 0 𝑥 − 𝑥4 𝑥 3 − 1 Find the value
𝑥2 1 𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑥4 𝑥3 − 1 0
Sigma operation
𝛴𝑓1 𝑟 𝛴𝑓2 𝑟 𝛴𝑓3 𝑟 𝑓1 𝑟 𝑓2 𝑟 𝑓3 𝑟
𝛴Δ𝑟 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 Δ𝑟 = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝑑 e 𝑓 𝑑 e 𝑓
𝑟−1 𝑛 6
Let Δ𝑟 = 𝑟−1 2 2𝑛2 4𝑛 − 2 .Show that 𝛴Δ𝑟 is constant
𝑟−1 2 3𝑛3 3𝑛2 − 3𝑛
Differentiation of determinants
Some results
n dn y n
A If y = ax + b then = n! a
dx n
dn y nπ
(B) If y = sin ax + b then = sin + ax + b
dx n 2
dn y nπ
(C) If y = cos ax + b then n
= cos + ax + b
dx 2
cos 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 𝜋
′
Let f(x) = cos 2𝑥 sin 2𝑥 2 cos 2𝑥 Then find the value of 𝑓
2
cos 3𝑥 sin 3𝑥 3 cos 3𝑥
𝑥𝑛 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋 ⅆ𝑛
If f(x) = 𝑛! sin cos Then find the value of 𝑓 𝑥 at x = 0
2 2 ⅆ𝑥 𝑛
𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋3
Integration of a Determinant
f x g x h x
Let Δ x = p q r Where p , q , r , l , m , n are constant
l m n
b b b
b
න f x dx න g x dx න h x dx
න Δ x dx = a a a
a p q r
l m n
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 1
If Δ 𝑥 = 6 4 3 then find න Δ x dx
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑥 0
