DIRECT TO HOME (DTH)
What is DTH?
• DTH stands for Direct-To-Home television.
• Defined as the reception of satellite programs with a personal dish in
an individual home.
HISTORY
• DTH services were first proposed in India in 1996. But they did not pass approval
because there were concerns over national security and a cultural invasion.
• Finally in 2000, DTH was allowed. The new policy requires all operators to set up earth
stations in India within 12 months of getting a license. DTH licenses in India will cost
$2.14 million and will be valid for 10 years.
ELEMENTS OF DTH
DTH network consists of a broadcasting centre, satellites, encoders, multiplexers,
modulators and DTH receivers.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DTH AND CABLE TV
In DTH, TV channels would be transmitted from the satellite to a small dish antenna
mounted on the window or rooftop of the subscriber’s home. So the broadcaster
directly connects to the user. The middlemen like local cable operators are not there in
the picture.
• DTH can also reach the remote areas. With DTH, a user can scan nearly 700 channels!
DTH RATHER THAN CABLE TV
DTH offers,
• Better quality picture
• Stereophonic sound effects Can reach remote areas Allows interactive TV
services like
• Movie on demand
• Internet access
• Video conferencing
• Email
BROADCAST TV PROBLEM
Satellite television is not like a broadcast television. It’s a wireless system but both
transmit via a radio signal.
• Main limitation is range.
• In order to receive signals, one must be in the direct line of sight of the antenna.
Small obstacles is not a problem but earth reflect radio waves.
• Other limitation is, signals are often distorted.
SATELLITE TV SOLUTION
• Satellite television system transmit and receive radio signals using special
antennas called satellite dishes.
• Satellites are higher in the sky than TV antennas so they have much larger ‘line of
sight’ range.
• The television satellites are all in geosynchronous orbit.
COMPONENTS FOR DTH
• Programming sources are simply the Channels that provide programming for
Broadcasting.
• Broadcast center is the central hub of the system.
• Satellites receive the signals from broadcast station and rebroadcast them to
ground.
• Dish picks up the signal from the satellite and passes it on to the receiver in the
viewers house.
• Receiver processes the signal and passes it on to standard television.
GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE
❖ Geostationary Orbit
❖ 22.300 miles
❖ 36.000 kilometers
• Positioned at exact height above the earth (36000km)
• Rotate around the earth at the same speed as the earth rotates
• Has circular orbit
FUNCTIONING OF DTH
• Channels are first multiplexed
• QPSK modulated before transmission
• Dish receives the signal
• LNBC converts KU band signals to intermediate frequency based on the local IF
• Set top box receives signals and performs demodulation and D to A conversion
and gives the RF output to TV.
KU BAND FREQUENCIES
• Digital broadcast satellite transmits programming in the KU frequency range
(10GHz-14GHz)
• Frequencies above 10GHz are affected by rain and snow.
• Compressing and encryption are done during transmission
• Bit rate of more than 200Mb/s would be required to digitize video.
SATELLITE RECEIVING ANTENNA
The parabolic curve has the property of reflecting all incident rays arriving along the
antenna reflector’s axis of symmetry to a common focus located to the front and centre.
ANTENNA FUNCTIONING
• The dish’s feed horn passes the signal on to the receiving equipment.
• The central element in the feed horn is the LNB (Low Noise Block down
converter.
DTH BENEFITS
• Cost effective communication, information and entertainment.
• Small size terminals can provide up to 4000 TV channels and 2000 radio
channels.
• Services bypass mediators and comes to customers directly.
• Transparent providing digital quality video, audio, radio and IP to all at equal
amount.
CONCLUSION
• DTH has made the hopes of the people of rural areas to come true. It helps to develop
and explore the ignited mind of people of India to think beyond the scope of
imagination.
• It also helps to develop the economic conditions of a country
