Normal Distribution (Continued) 1
Standard Normal Distribution table
Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
Normal Distribution (Continued) 2
Problems
4. An analog signal received as a detector
(measured in micro volts) may be modeled
as a Gaussian random variable (Normal)
with mean 200 and variance 256 at a fixed
point of time. What is the probability that
the signal will exceed 240 micro volts?
Soln:
Given = & =√ =
− −
= =
( ) > 240 = ( > 2.5)
= . − ( . )
= . − .
( ) > 240 = 0.0062
Normal Distribution (Continued) 3
5. The marks of 1000 students in an
examination follows a normal distribution
with mean 70 and standard deviation 5.
Find the number of students whose marks
will be
(i) less than 65
(ii) more than 75
(iii) between 65 and 75.
Normal Distribution (Continued) 4
6. In a normal distribution, 31% of the items
are under 45 and 8% over 64. Find the
mean and standard deviation, given that
A(0.5) = 0.19 and A(1.4) = 0.42 where
A(t) is the area under the standard normal
curve from 0 to t.
Soln:
We have to find &
Wkt, if is normal variate, then standard
normal variable is =
Given that
( < 45) = . & ( > 64) = .
Let = when =
& = when =
= …..(1) & = …….(2)
( < 45) = . ⇒ ( < )= .
Normal Distribution (Continued) 5
What is ???? +ve or –ve number???
Clearly, is negative.
∴ ( < )= . ⇒ (−∞ < < )
= .
Due to symmetry
(−∞ < < ) = (− < < ∞) = .
Where − is a positive number
⇒ . − ( < <− )= .
⇒ . − (− ) = .
⇒ (− ) = .
From standard distribution table, A(0.5) = 0.19
Normal Distribution (Continued) 6
∴− = . ⇒ =− .
Similarly,
( > 64) = . ⇒ ( > )= .
Clearly, is positive.
∴ ( > )= . ⇒ . − ( )= .
⇒ ( )= .
From Standard distribution table, A(1.4) = 0.42
⇒ = .
Normal Distribution (Continued) 7
From Eqn(1),
= ⇒− . =
⇒ − . = ……..(3)
From Eqn(2),
= ⇒ . =
⇒ + . = ……..(4)
Solving Eqns(3) & (4), we get
= & =
Normal Distribution (Continued) 8
7. In a normal distribution, 7% are under 35
and 89% are under 63. Find the mean and
the standard deviation, given that A(1.23)
= 0.39 and A(1.48) = 0.43 where A(t) is
the area under the standard normal curve
from 0 to t.
Soln:
=− . = .
= . & = .
Normal Distribution (Continued) 9
8. A set of examination marks is normally
distributed with a mean 75 and standard
deviation of 5. If the top 5% of students
get grade A and the bottom 25% get grade
B, what mark is the lowest A and what
mark is the highest B?
[ Soln:
= …..(1) & = …….(2)
P(x> )=0.05 & P(X< )=0.25
is the lowest A & is the highest B
Normal Distribution (Continued) 10
9. Steel rods are manufactured to be 3 cms in
diameter but they are acceptable if they are
inside the limits 2.99 cms and 3.01 cms. It is
observed that 5% are rejected as oversized
and 5% are rejected as undersized.
Assuming that the diameters are normally
distributed, find the standard deviation of
the distribution. (A(1.65)=0.45)
Soln: Given =
( ≥ . )= . & ( ≤ . )= .
Ans: = .
Normal Distribution (Continued) 11
10. The mean weight of 500 students at a
certain college is 50 Kgs and the standard
deviation is 6 Kgs. Assuming that the
weights are normally distributed, find the
number of students weighing
(i) Between 40 and 50 Kgs
(ii) more than 60 Kgs
given that A(1.6667)=0.4525
Soln: Given = & =
− −
= =
(i) ( < < 50) = (− . < < 0)
= ( < < . )= ( . )= .
No. of students who weigh between 40 & 50 Kgs
is 0.4525 x 500 = 226 (approx.)
(ii) ( > 60) = ( > 1.6667)
= . − ( . )= .
No. of students who weigh more than 60 Kgs is
0.0475 x 500 = 24 (approx.)
Normal Distribution (Continued) 12
11. The life of a certain type of electrical lamps
is normally distributed with mean 2040
hours and standard deviation 60 hours. In
a consignment of 3000 lamps, how many
would be expected to burn for
(i) more than 2150 hours
(ii) less than 1950 hours
(iii) between 1920 and 2160 hours
given that A(1.5)=0.4332, A(1.8)=0.4641
and A(2)=0.4772
Ans:
(i) 108
(ii) 200
(iii) 2863
