M.E.
S INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA - QATAR
Notes 2025-2026
Section : Boys/Girls Date : 04/05/2025
Class & Div: IX (All divisions) Subject: Physics
Lesson / Topic: L.7-Motion
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1. Define motion and rest.
Ans: Motion: An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to a
point.
Rest: - An object is said to be at rest if it does not changes its position with respect
to a point.
2. Differentiate between scalar and vector quantity.
Ans:
Scalar Vector
1. A quantity which requires only 1. A quantity which requires both magnitude
magnitude for its complete description is anddirection for its complete description is
known as scalar. known as vector.
Eg: time, distance, speed, mass Eg: displacement, velocity, acceleration,
weight
3. Distinguish between distance and displacement.
Ans:
Distance Displacement
1.It is the total path covered by an object 1.It is the shortest distance between initial
and final points.
2. Distance is always positive 2.It can be zero, positive or negative.
3.It is a scalar quantity 3.It is a vector quantity
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4. Differentiate between uniform and nonuniform motion.
Ans:
Uniform motion Non uniform motion
A body has a uniform motion if it travelsequal A body has a non-uniform motion if it
distances in equal intervals of time travels through unequal distances in equal
intervals of time.
The distance time-graph for uniform motion The distance time- graph for non-uniform
of an object is a straight line. motion of an object is a curved line.
5. What is speed?
Ans:
• Distance travelled by a moving body in unit time is called speed.
• Speed = Distance travelled/time taken
• SI unit of speed is m/s.
• Uniform speed-An object is said to be in uniform speed if it covers equal
distances in equal intervals of time.
• Non uniform speed-An object travels unequal distances in equal intervals of time
or equal distances in unequal intervals of time. Non uniform speed is also called
variable speed.
6. What is velocity?
Ans:
• Velocity of a body is defined as the displacement produced per unit time.
• Velocity=Displacement/time
• Velocity is also defined as rate of change of displacement in unit time.
• SI unit of velocity is m/s.
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7. What is the difference between uniform velocity and non-uniform velocity?
Ans:
Uniform velocity Non uniform velocity
An object with uniform velocity covers When an object covers unequal distances in
equal distances in equal intervals of time in a equal intervals of time in a specified
specified direction. direction, or if the direction of motion
changes, it is said to be moving with a non-
uniform or variable velocity
Eg: an object moving with a speed of 40 Eg: revolving fan at a constant speed has
km/h towards west has uniform velocity variable velocity.
8. What is average velocity?
Ans: It is defined as the total displacement covered by the total
time taken
.Average velocity = Total displacement/total time taken
9. Differentiate between speed and velocity.
Ans:
speed velocity
1.It is a scalar quantity 1.It is a vector quantity
2.It is the distance travelled in unit time 2.It is the displacement travelled in
unittime.
3.It can have only positive values 3.It can be zero, negative or positive
depending on the value of
displacement.
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10. What is acceleration?
Ans:
• Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with time.
• Acceleration=Change in velocity/Time taken
• SI unit of acceleration is m/s2
• Acceleration may be a positive or a negative.
• If the velocity is increasing with respect to time, it is called positive acceleration.
= final velocity(v)-initial velocity(u)
time
= v-u
t
11. Differentiate between uniform and nonuniform acceleration.
Ans:
Uniform acceleration Non uniform acceleration
1. The velocity of the body 1.The velocity of the body changes
changes regularly with time. irregularly with time.
2. The velocity time graph is a 2. The velocity time graph is a curve or
straight line inclined at x-axis, irregularly shaped.
havingpositive or negative slope.
12. What is negative acceleration?
Ans: If the velocity of a body decreases with time, then its final velocity is less than the
initial velocity and thus its acceleration is negative. Negative acceleration is called
retardation or deceleration. For example, when brakes are applied to a moving truck, its
velocity gradually decreases. In other words, it is under retardation.
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13. A train starting from a railway station and moving with uniform acceleration attains
a speed of 40 km/h in 10 minutes. Find its acceleration.
Ans. Initial velocity, u =0
Final velocity, v =40 km/h
=40 km/1 h = 40x1000 m = 100 m/s
60x60s 9
Time, t= 10 minutes 10x60=600s
Acceleration, a= v-u/t =100/9 m/s -0 m/s
600 s
= 100 ms-2
9x600
= 1 ms-2
54
14. A farmer walking along the boundary of a square field of side 10 m. He completes
one round in 40 sec. Calculate his distance and displacement after 2 min 20 sec.
Ans: Side= 10 m
Time taken for 1 round=40 sec A 10m D
Total time= 2min 20 sec
=120+20=140 sec
Total number of rounds= total time/time for 1 round
=140/40=3.5 rounds B C
Distance travelled in 1 round =4x10=40m
Distance travelled in 3.5 rounds=40x3.5=140m
Displacement = AC
AC2=AB2+BC2 =
(10)2+(10)2AC= √200 m=
10√2 m
15. What are the uses of a distance –time graph?
Ans:
• The various uses of a distance- time graph are as follows:
• It tells us about the position of the body at any instant of time.
• From the graph, we can see the distance covered by the body during a particular interval
of time.
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16. Draw the distance time graph of an object: -
Ans:
a) At rest
Distance
Time
b) Uniform motion
Distance
Time
c) Non –uniform motion
Distance
Time
17. Draw the velocity –time graph of an object
Ans.
a) uniform velocity
Velocity
Time
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b) Uniform acceleration
Velocity
Time
c) Uniform retardation
Velocity
Time
d) Non uniform acceleration
Velocity
Time
18. Define uniform circular motion.
Ans: If an object moves in a circular path with uniform speed, its motion is called uniform
circular motion.
Eg :-The tip of a seconds’ hand of a watch exhibits uniform circular motion on the circular dial of
the watch.
19. All circular motions are acceleratory motion. why?
Ans. In a circular motion, direction is always going on changing. So the velocity is also change.
Hence it is an acceleratory motion.
20.A car travels at 54km/h for first 20s, 36 km/h for next 30s and finally 18 km/h
for next10s. Find its average speed.
Ans: Speed: V1=54km/h =15 m/s
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V2=36km/h=10m/s V3 =18km/h=5m/s
Time: t1=20s, t2=30s, t3=10s
Distance: S1=15x20=300m S2=10x30= 300m S3=5x10=50m
Total time t = t1+t2+t3
= 20s +30s+10 s = 60 s
Average speed = Total distance = 650/60 =10.83 m/s
Total time
21. The velocity-time graph of a body is shown in figure. Calculate the distance covered by
the body between 10th and 30th second.
30
A B
20
Velocity
10
D E C
O 10 20 30 40 50
Time (s)
Ans: Distance AB = Area under line AB
= 20 x 20=400 m
22. An object travels 16m in 4s and then another 16m in 2 s. What is the average speed of
the object?
Ans:
Total distance travelled =16+16=32 m
Total time taken= 4 s+2 s=6 s
Average speed = Total distance
Total time
= 32 =5.33m/s
6
23. A bus accelerate uniformly from 54 km/h to 72 km/h in 10 seconds. Calculate:
(1) acceleration in m/s2
(2) distance covered by the bus in metres during this interval.
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Ans. u=54km/h=54x5/18m/s
= 15 m/s
v= 72 km/h =72x5/18 m/s
=20 m/s
t=10s
(1) a=v-u/t
= 20-15 =0.5m/s2
10
(2) s= v2-u2 /2a
= (20)2-(15)2/(2x0.5)
= 175m
24.A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 m/s2.What distance will it cover 10s
after the start?
Ans. Initial velocity, u=0
Time ,t =10 s
Acceleration ,a =4m/s2
Distance ,s =ut+1/2at2
= 0+1/2x4x(10)2
= 200 m
25.What are the three equations of motion?
Ans.
• v = u + at.
• v² = u² + 2as.
• s = ut + ½at²
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