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The document outlines the physical and chemical properties of substances, detailing examples such as iron and hydrochloric acid. It explains the differences between physical and chemical changes, reactions with water and acids, and the concept of neutralization, including its applications in everyday life and environmental contexts. Key points include the formation of new substances in chemical reactions, the importance of pH levels, and the use of alkalis to counteract acidity in various scenarios.

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9 views4 pages

Print Today Please

The document outlines the physical and chemical properties of substances, detailing examples such as iron and hydrochloric acid. It explains the differences between physical and chemical changes, reactions with water and acids, and the concept of neutralization, including its applications in everyday life and environmental contexts. Key points include the formation of new substances in chemical reactions, the importance of pH levels, and the use of alkalis to counteract acidity in various scenarios.

Uploaded by

ahmednaeem0808
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Physical & Chemical Properties

Q: What are physical properties of a substance?


A: Things like color, state (solid/liquid/gas), melting point, and
how heavy or light it is.

Q: What are chemical properties of a substance?


A: How it reacts with water, acids, or metals, and how acidic or
alkaline it is.

Q: What is a physical property of iron?


A: It is a heavy, grey solid with a melting point of 1538°C.

Q: What is a chemical property of hydrochloric acid?


A: It has a pH of 2, meaning it’s very acidic.

Chemical & Physical Changes


Q: What happens in a physical change?
A: No new substance is made – like water freezing into ice.

Q: What happens in a chemical change?


A: A new substance is formed – like iron and sulfur making iron
sulfide.

Q: What are reactants in a chemical reaction?


A: They’re the substances that start the reaction, like iron and
sulfur.

Q: What are products in a chemical reaction?


A: They are the new substances formed, like iron sulfide.

Q: Give one example of a chemical reaction.


A: Burning magnesium in air to form magnesium oxide.

Q: What does burning carbon form?


A: It forms carbon dioxide gas.
Reactions with Water
Q: What kind of metal is potassium?
A: A soft, very reactive metal that must be stored under oil.

Q: What gas is given off when potassium reacts with water?


A: Hydrogen gas.

Q: Why do we use a safety screen during the potassium-water


reaction?
A: Because the reaction is very violent and hot, and hydrogen
gas burns.

Reactions with Acids


Q: What happens when magnesium is added to hydrochloric
acid?
A: Bubbles form – hydrogen gas is released and magnesium
chloride is made.

Q: What does the squeaky pop test detect?


A: It tells you if the gas is hydrogen.

Q: What do you need to do to keep the hydrogen in the test


tube?
A: Keep your finger over it until you test it with the lit splint.

Q: What happens when hydrogen pops?


A: It reacts with oxygen to form water.

Neutralisation
Q: What happens when an acid and an alkali mix?
A: They neutralise each other and form a neutral solution.

Q: What is the pH of a neutral solution?


A: The pH is 7.
Q: What colour does universal indicator turn when the solution
is neutral?
A: Green.

Q: What is used to add acid slowly and carefully during


neutralisation?
A: A burette.

Q: What are the products when hydrochloric acid and sodium


hydroxide react?
A: Sodium chloride (salt) and water.

Neutralisation in Everyday Life


Q: Why is toothpaste alkaline?
A: To neutralise the acid made by bacteria in your mouth.

Q: What causes acid in your mouth?


A: Bacteria feeding on food leftovers produce acid.

Q: What happens if your stomach makes too much acid?


A: You get indigestion.

Q: What are antacids?


A: Alkali medicines that neutralise stomach acid.

Environmental Uses of Neutralisation


Q: Why do some countries drop alkalis into lakes?
A: To neutralise acid rain and protect the plants and animals.

Q: What does acid rain do to lakes?


A: It lowers the pH and can harm or kill wildlife.

Q: Why do farmers add lime to soil?


A: To neutralise acidic soil so crops can grow better.
Q: What is lime (in farming)?
A: A chalky alkali used to reduce soil acidity.

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