chi square [70 marks]
1. [Maximum mark: 5] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.6
As part of a study into healthy lifestyles, Jing visited Surrey Hills University. Jing
recorded a person’s position in the university and how frequently they ate a
salad. Results are shown in the table.
Jing conducted a χ2 test for independence at a 5 % level of significance.
(a) State the null hypothesis. [1]
(b) Calculate the p-value for this test. [2]
(c) State, giving a reason, whether the null hypothesis should be
accepted. [2]
2. [Maximum mark: 6] SPM.1.SL.TZ0.9
Ms Calhoun measures the heights of students in her mathematics class. She is
interested to see if the mean height of male students, μ 1 , is the same as the
mean height of female students, μ 2 . The information is recorded in the table.
At the 10 % level of significance, a t-test was used to compare the means of the
two groups. The data is assumed to be normally distributed and the standard
deviations are equal between the two groups.
(a.i) State the null hypothesis. [1]
(a.ii) State the alternative hypothesis. [1]
(b) Calculate the p-value for this test. [2]
(c) State, giving a reason, whether Ms Calhoun should accept the
null hypothesis. [2]
3. [Maximum mark: 6] EXN.1.SL.TZ0.3
The weights of apples on a tree can be modelled by a normal distribution with a
mean of 85 grams and a standard deviation of 7. 5 grams.
(a) Find the probability that an apple from the tree has a weight
greater than 90 grams. [2]
A sample of apples are taken from 2 trees, A and B, in different parts of the
orchard.
The data is shown in the table below.
The owner of the orchard wants to know whether the mean weight of the apples
from tree A(μ A ) is greater than the mean weight of the apples from tree
B(μ B ) so sets up the following test:
H0 : μA = μB and H 1 : μA > μB
(b.i) Find the p-value for the owner’s test. [2]
(b.ii) The test is performed at the 5% significance level.
State the conclusion of the test, giving a reason for your answer. [2]
4. [Maximum mark: 16] EXN.2.SL.TZ0.4
A dice manufacturer claims that for a novelty die he produces the probability of
scoring the numbers 1 to 5 are all equal, and the probability of a 6 is two times
the probability of scoring any of the other numbers.
(a) Find the probability of scoring a six when rolling the novelty
die. [3]
(b) Find the probability of scoring more than 2 sixes when this die
is rolled 5 times. [4]
To test the manufacture’s claim one of the novelty dice is rolled 350 times and
the numbers scored on the die are shown in the table below.
(c.i) Find the expected frequency for each of the numbers if the
manufacturer’s claim is true. [2]
A χ 2 goodness of fit test is to be used with a 5% significance level.
(c.ii) Write down the null and alternative hypotheses. [2]
(c.iii) State the degrees of freedom for the test. [1]
(c.iv) Determine the conclusion of the test, clearly justifying your
answer. [4]
5. [Maximum mark: 9] EXM.1.SL.TZ0.9
Six coins are tossed simultaneously 320 times, with the following
results.
At the 5% level of significance, test the hypothesis that all the coins are
fair. [9]
6. [Maximum mark: 7] EXM.1.SL.TZ0.7
Anita is concerned that the construction of a new factory will have an adverse
affect on the fish in a nearby lake. Before construction begins she catches fish at
random, records their weight and returns them to the lake. After the construction
is finished she collects a second, random sample of weights of fish from the lake.
Her data is shown in the table.
Anita decides to use a t-test, at the 5% significance level, to determine if the
mean weight of the fish changed after construction of the factory.
(a) State an assumption that Anita is making, in order to use a t-
test. [1]
(b) State the hypotheses for this t-test. [1]
(c) Find the p-value for this t-test. [3]
(d) State the conclusion of this test, in context, giving a reason. [2]
7. [Maximum mark: 11] EXM.1.SL.TZ0.8
In an effort to study the level of intelligence of students entering college, a
psychologist collected data from 4000 students who were given a standard test.
The predictive norms for this particular test were computed from a very large
population of scores having a normal distribution with mean 100 and standard
deviation of 10. The psychologist wishes to determine whether the 4000 test
scores he obtained also came from a normal distribution with mean 100 and
standard deviation 10. He prepared the following table (expected frequencies
are rounded to the nearest integer):
(a) Copy and complete the table, showing how you arrived at your
answers. [5]
(b) Test the hypothesis at the 5% level of significance. [6]
8. [Maximum mark: 10] EXM.1.SL.TZ0.10
Give your answers to four significant figures.
A die is thrown 120 times with the following results.
(a) Showing all steps clearly, test whether the die is fair
(i) at the 5% level of significance;
(ii) at the 1% level of significance. [7]
(b) Explain what is meant by “level of significance” in part (a). [3]
© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2025
