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Examples Examples Examples

Tense Signal words Use Form
affirmative negative interrogative
every day

sometimes
• something happens repeatedly
always • how often something happens I work. I don't work. Do I work?
• one action follows another
infinitive
often • things in general He works. He doesn't work. Does he work?
Simple • with verbs like (to love, to
Present hate, to think, etc.) he/she/it:
usually I go. I don't go. Do I go?
• future meaning: timetables, infinitive + s
programmes
seldom He goes. He doesn't go. Does he go?

never

first ... then

now • something is happening at the I'm working. I'm not working. Am I working?
same time of speaking or
around it
at the moment He's working. He isn't working. Is he working?
Present • future meaning: when you be (am/are/is) +
Progressive have already decided and infinitive + ing
Look! arranged to do it (a fixed I'm going. I'm not going. Am I going?
plan, date)
Listen! He's going. He isn't going. Is he going?

last ... I worked. I didn't work. Did I work?

regular:
action took place in the past, infinitive + ed
... ago He worked. He didn't work. Did he work?
Simple mostly connected with an
Past expression of time (no connection irregular:
in 1990 to the present) I went. I didn't go. Did I go?
(2nd column of table
of irregular verbs)
yesterday He went. He didn't go. Did he go?

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• an action happened in the I was working. I wasn't working. Was I working?

middle of another action
• someone was doing sth. at a He was working. He wasn't working. Was he working?
Past certain time (in the past) - you was/were +
while
Progressive don't know whether it was infinitive + ing
I was going. I wasn't going. Was I going?
finished or not
He was going. He wasn't going. Was he going?
just

yet

never

ever • you say that sth. has I have worked. I haven't worked. Have I worked?
have/has + past
happened or is finished in the
participle*
Simple already past and it has a connection to He has worked. He hasn’t worked. Has he worked?
Present the present
Perfect • action started in the past and *(infinitive + ed) or
so far, I have gone. I haven't gone. Have I gone?
continues up to the present (3rd column of table
of irregular verbs)
up to now, He has gone. He hasn’t gone. Has he gone?

since

for

recently
I have been I haven't been Have I been
all day working. working. working?
• action began in the past and
the whole day has just stopped
He has been He hasn't been Has he been
• how long the action has been
Present Perfect have/has + been + working. working. working?
how long happening
Progressive infinitive + ing
since I have been going. I haven't been going. Have I been going?
emphasis: length of time of an
action
for He has been He hasn't been Has he been
going. going. going?

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• mostly when two actions in a I had worked. I hadn't worked. Had I worked?
story are related to each had + past
already other: the action which had participle*
He had worked. He hadn't worked. Had he worked?
Simple Past already happened is put into
just Past Perfect, the other action
Perfect *(infinitive + ed) or
into Simple Past I had gone. I hadn't gone. Had I gone?
never (3rd column of table
• the past of the Present Perfect of irregular verbs)
He had gone. He hadn't gone. Had he gone?

I had been I hadn't been Had I been

working. working. working?

how long He had been He hadn't been Had he been

how long something had been working. working. working?
Past Perfect had + been +
since happening before something else
Progressive infinitive + ing
happened
for I had been going. I hadn't been going. Had I been going?

He had been He hadn't been Had he been

going. going. going?
• predictions about the future
(you think that sth will I'll work. I won't work. Will I work?
happen)
• you decide to do sth. He'll work. He won't work. Will he work?
will - future spontaneously at the time of will + infinitive
speaking I'll go. I won't go. Will I go?
• main clause in type I of the
Conditional sentences
He'll go. He won't go. Will he go?

I'm going to I'm not going to Am I going to

work. work. work?
• when you have already
decided to do sth. in the future He's going to He's not going to Is he going to
going to - • what you think what will be (am/are/is) + work. work. work?
future happen going to + infinitive
I'm going to go. I'm not going to go. Am I going to go?

He's going to go. He's not going to go. Is he going to go?

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 B1 All Tenses T005

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I __________________ the fire at 6 in the morning and when Peter came in it

__________________ brightly (LIGHT, BURN).

2. My brother __________________ with his model cars when suddenly the lights ____________
out. (PLAY, GO)

3. After I __________________ him to the zoo, we __________________ for a walk in the park
(TAKE, GO).

4. ___________________________ vodka? – Yes, I __________________ it when I was in Moscow a

few years ago. But I __________________ any since then. (YOU EVER DRINK, TRY, NOT
DRINK).

5. What ____________________ about his last book? – I __________________ it a lot. (YOU

THINK, LIKE)

6. The boys __________________ in the garden when they __________________ their father’s
steps. (WORK, HEAR).

7. What __________________ yesterday afternoon? I __________________ on my new novel.

(YOU DO, WORK)

8. How _________________________ to work? – I normally __________________ by car but this

week I __________________ the bus (YOU USUALLY GET, GO, TAKE)

9. Lucas __________________ the guitar when someone __________________ the window and
__________________ a bucket of water out. (PLAY, OPEN, THROW).

10. Up to now, Mary __________________ to the United States. (NEVER BE)

11. My sister _______________________ for me when I __________________ . (ALREADY WAIT,

ARRIVE)

12. I __________________ this championship every year since 2005, but I __________________
it this year (WIN, LOSE)

13. I first __________________ this film in 2006 and I __________________ it a couple of times
since then. (SEE, SEE)

14. My neighbour __________________ her car since 2 o’clock. She still isn’t finished.
(CLEAN)

15. I ________________________ Italian for two years, but I still ________________________ very
much. (LEARN, NOT UNDERSTAND)

16. She __________________ in South Africa now. She __________________ there shortly after
the war. (LIVE, MOVE)

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 B1 All Tenses T007

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. After they _____________________ home from their honeymoon, they _____________________

building their new house. (COME, START)

2. Two years ago, my brother _____________________ an accident and he _____________________

since then. (HAVE, NOT RECOVER)

3. When I _____________________ home last night, my children _____________________ chess.

(COME, PLAY)

4. I would have come yesterday if I _____________________ anything to do. (NOT HAVE)

5. She _____________________ happy after he _____________________ her a bunch of roses. (BE,

GIVE)

6. Last year _____________________ a good year, but this year _____________________ very
successful up to now. (BE, NOT BE)

7. After Dick _____________________ his work, he _____________________ Harry. (FINISH, CALL)

8. Yesterday the phone _____________________ three times while we _____________________

dinner. (RING, HAVE)

9. After five years of travelling through Asia I _____________________ back to Europe next
week. I _____________________ a flight. (COME, ALREADY BOOK)

10. Grass normally _____________________ best when it rains. (GROW)

11. When I _____________________ home, I saw that my wife _____________________ off our
daughter’s hair. (COME, CUT)

12. Who _____________________ the guitar upstairs? – It’s Mary. She _____________________ for
the concert tomorrow. (PLAY,REHEARSE)

13. After she _____________________ on holiday, she _____________________ much better. (BE,
FEEL)

14. I _____________________ in this line for ages. It _____________________ at all in the last five
minutes. (STAND, NOT MOVE)

15. How many games _____________________ so far this year? – Only 2. – And how many
_____________________ last year? – About 10. (YOU PLAY, YOU PLAY)

16. We _____________________ married next June. (GET)

17. In yesterday’s paper I _____________________ that a fire _____________________ out in my

neighbourhood (READ, BREAK).

18. While I _____________________ with a lovely girl, the whole crowd _____________________ us.
(DANCE, WATCH).

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 B1 All Tenses T011

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. I ______________________ since nine in the morning, but I ______________________ yet. (WORK,

NOT FINISH)
2. ______________________ to my sister yesterday? – No, I ______________________ her for a
long time. (YOU SPEAK, NOT SEE)
3. I couldn’t come to the party on Friday because I ______________________ ill the whole
week. (BE)
4. They ______________________ a game of cards when the headmaster entered the
classroom. (PLAY)
5. He usually ______________________ to see me every day, but he ______________________ yet
today. (COME, NOT COME)
6. What ___________________________ since the last time I saw you? (YOU DO)
7. It __________________ so cold last night that the water in the lake ___________________. (BE,
FREEZE)
8. Jack and Jill ______________________ married next October. (GET)
9. After they ______________________ building the bridge, they started constructing a new
road. (FINISH)
10. Mary ______________________ a new hat when suddenly the wind ______________________ it
away. (WEAR, BLOW)
11. She normally ____________________ the bus to work but today her dad __________________
her. (TAKE, DRIVE)
12. He ______________________ his keys. He ______________________ for them since yesterday,
but he ______________________ them yet. (LOSE, LOOK, NOT FIND)
13. Where is Jean? – She ______________________ her homework. (STILL DO)
14. I am not English. I ______________________ from Australia. (COME)
15. They ______________________ for four hours when they finally reached the village. (HIKE)
16. Since when ______________________ that new car? – When ______________________ it? (YOU
HAVE, YOU BUY)
17. When I __________________ a child, I ________________ to know a lot of fairy tales. (BE, USE)
18. I think I ______________________ a drink now. I’m so nervous. (HAVE)
19. It ______________________ her for the past five weeks (NOT RAIN)
20. ______________________ to China? – Yes, I ______________________ there on a business trip a
few months ago. (YOU EVER BE, BE)
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How to make the Passive in English

We make the passive by putting the verb 'to be' into whatever tense we need and then adding
the past participle. For regular verbs, we make the past participle by adding 'ed' to the
infinitive. So ‘play’ becomes ‘played’.

Tense Active Passive

present simple I make a cake. A cake is made (by me).

present continuous I am making a cake. A cake is being made (by me).

past simple I made a cake. A cake was made (by me).

A cake was being made(by

past continuous I was making a cake.
me).

present perfect I have made a cake. A cake has been made (by me).

present perfect I have been making a A cake has been being

continuous cake. made (by me).

A cake had been made (by

past perfect I had made a cake.
me).

future simple I will make a cake. A cake will be made (by me).

I will have made a A cake will have been

future perfect
cake. made (by me).

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 B1 Passive Voice PA001

Make passive sentences using the word parts and the given tense.

1. The window – open (present perfect simple)

__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Her room – paint (past progressive)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. He – take – to the airport. (present perfect simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. The bike – repair – at the moment (present progressive)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. The cows – feed – every morning (present simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. The novel – write – a hundred years ago (past simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
7. The food – must put – in the fridge (present simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. A press conference – hold – tomorrow afternoon (future simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Our new house – just – finish (present perfect simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. The thief – see – by the policeman (past perfect simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. The story – often tell – by grandmother (present simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. The package – send – by a good friend (past simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
13. He – not see – for ages (present perfect simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
14. My dad – off – a new job – later this week (future simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
15. The church – not renovate – for two hundred years (present perfect simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
16. Breakfast – serve – from 7 to 10 (present simple)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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 B1 Passive Voice PA004

Rewrite the sentences and make them passive.

1. Families in poor countries often force their children to work.

__________________________________________________________________________________________ .
2. They have offered him a good job.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ .
3. They should have redecorated the house before Christmas.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ .
4. They will repair my car by next week.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ .
5. People say that he is a good surfer.
__________________________________________________________________________________________ .
6. They have treated the prisoners badly for years.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
7. You haven’t answered to my question yet.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
8. We had to call the ambulance.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
9. In Asia children do a lot of the work.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
10. You cannot reach this village by train.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
11. Settlers built this town in 1802.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
12. Committee members handed out invitations for the meeting.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
13. You must park your car in the garage.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
14. They showed us the most important paintings in the gallery.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .
15. They speak Spanish here.
_____________________________________________________________________________________ .

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