MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

Chapter 12 Areas and Volumes (II)

Warm-up Exercise (p.12.2) = 4r cm

1. Volume = 7 × 6 × 2 cm3 =4 cm
= 84 cm3
= 23.6 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Total surface area
= (7 × 6 × 2 + 7 × 2 × 2 + 6 × 2 × 2) cm2
Practice 12.3 (p.12.6)
= 136 cm2
1. (a) Circumference = 20π cm
ππd = 20π
2. Volume = cm3 d = 20

Volum = 624 cm3 (b) Area of the circle = cm2

Total surface area

= cm2 = cm2

= 460 cm2 = 100π cm2

2. Let r cm be the radius of the circle.

3. Volume = m3 Circumference = 28π cm
2πr = 28π
= 192 m3
r = 14
Total surface area
Area of the circle = πr2 cm2
= m2 = π(14)2 cm2
= 196π cm2
= 240 m2
Practice 12.4 (p.12.6)
Practice 12.1 (p.12.5) 1. Let r m be the radius of the fish pond.
1. Perimeter = (12 × 3 + 12π ÷ 2) cm π(r + 2)2 – πr2 = 32π
Perimete; = 54.8 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. (r + 2)2 – r2 = 32
((r + 4r + 4 – r2 = 32
2

Area = cm2 (4r = 28

(r = 7
= 201 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ The radius of the fish pond is 7 m.

2. Perimeter = (20 × 2 + 16π) m 2. Let r m be the radius of the garden.

= 90.3 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. [π(r + 4)2 – πr2] ÷ 2 = 48π
((r + 4)2 – r2 = 96
Area = m2
(( (r + 8r + 16 – r2 = 96
2

( 8r = 80
= 119 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
( (r = 10
∴ The radius of the garden is 10 m.
Practice 12.2 (p.12.5)
The cost of making the fence
1. Area of a circle = cm2 = $80 × (2πr ÷ 2 + 2r)
= $80 × [2π(10) ÷ 2 + 2(10)]
= 36π cm2 = $4113, cor. to the nearest dollar
Area of the remaining part of the cardboard
= (362 – 36π × 9) cm2 Class Exercise 12.1 (p.12.7)
= 278 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1. (a) Perimeter = (14 × 3 + 14π ÷ 2) cm

2. Let r cm be the radius of each circle. = cm

(4r)2 – 4πr2 = 120
= 64 cm
16r2 – 4πr2 = 120
(r2 = 120 ÷ (16 – 4π)
(r= Area = cm2

Length of a side of the cardboard

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 2 × 7 cm
= cm2 = 14 cm
= 119 cm2 ∴ The statement is correct.
(b) Perimeter = (14 + 28 + 14π ÷ 2 + 28π ÷ 2) mm (d) Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
2πr = 4π
= mm r=2
Area of the circle
= 108 mm = π(2)2 cm2
= 4π cm2
Area = mm2 ∴ The statement is incorrect.

= mm2 1. Circumference = 24π m

= 623 mm2 Area = m2

= 144π m2
2. Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
2πr = 157
2. (a) Length of the string
2(3.14)r = 157
= 17π cm
Area o r = 25
= 53.4 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Area of the circle
(b) Area of the plate
= π(25)2 cm2
= 3.14 × 625 cm2 =π cm2
= 1962.5 cm2
= 227 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
3. Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
3. Perimeter = [20 × 2 + 2π(8)] m
πr2 = 1386
= 90.3 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
r2 = 1386 Area = [20 × (8 × 2) + π(8)2] m2
= 521 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Area or = 21
Circumference of the circle 4. Perimeter = [(6 × 3)π ÷ 2 + (6π ÷ 2) + (6 × 2)] cm
=2× × 21 cm = (9π + 3π + 12) cm
= 49.7 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 132 cm
Area = cm2
4. Let r m be the radius of the playground.
π(r + 3)2 – πr2 = 99π = (40.5π – 4.5π) cm2
(r + 3)2 – r2 = 99 = 113 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
((r + 6r + 9 – r2 = 99
2

(6r = 90 5. Perimeter = [(28 ÷ 2)π + 12 × 2 + 28] cm

(r = 15 = 96.0 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The radius of the playground is 15 m.
Area = cm2
Exercise 12.1 (p.12.7)
Section Check = 182 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(a) For a circle of diameter 5 cm,
its circumference 6. Perimeter = [(14 + 6)π ÷ 2 + 6π ÷ 2 + 14π ÷ 2] cm
= 5π cm = (10π + 3π + 7π) cm
∴ The statement is incorrect. = 62.8 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) For a semi-circle of diameter 8 cm,
its area Area = cm2

= ÷ 2 cm2 = (50π – 24.5π + 4.5π) cm2

= 94.2 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 8π cm2
∴ The statement is correct. 7. Area = cm2
(c) Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
πr2 = 49π = (144π – 64π) cm2
r=7 = 251 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Diameter of the circle

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 64.5 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

8. Area = m2
Area = cm2
2
= (36 – 9π + 4.5π) m
= (36π + 48π) cm2
= 21.9 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 264 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

9. Area = cm2 17. Perimeter = (18 + 8π + 18π ÷ 2) cm

= 71.4 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= (160 – 36 + 4.5π) cm2 Area = [8 × (18 + 8 ÷ 2) – π(8 ÷ 2)2 + π(18 ÷ 2)2 ÷ 2] cm2
= 138 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = (176 + 24.5π) cm2
= 253 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
10. Circumference of Q
= (14π + 7π) cm 18. Perimeter = mm
= 21π cm
Let d cm be the diameter of Q. = (24 + 6π) mm
dπ = 21π = 42.8 mm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
d = 21
∴ The diameter of Q is 21 cm. Area = mm2

11. Let r cm be the radius of the dartboard. = (54 + 18π) mm2

2πr = 30π = 111 mm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
r = 15
Area of the dartboard 19. (a) Let r cm be the radius of the semi-circle.
= π(15)2 cm2 Then the length of a side of the square is 2r cm.
= 225π cm2 2r = 21 – r
r=7
12. Let r cm be the radius of the circle. Length of a side of the square
2πr = 58π = 2(7) cm
r = 29 = 14 cm
Area of the circle (b) Perimeter of the figure
= π(29)2 cm2 = (14 × 3 + 14π ÷ 2) cm
= 841π cm2 = (42 + 7π) cm
= 64.0 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
13. (a) Perimeter = 18 cm (c) Area of the figure
2πr ÷ 2 + 2r = 18
r(π + 2) = 18 = cm2
r = 3.50, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Area of the semi-circle = (196 + 24.5π) cm2
= 273 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
=π ÷ 2 cm2
20. AC2 + BC2 = AB2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 19.3 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(AB = m
( = 10 m
14. Let r cm be the radius of the circular sticker.
Area of the shaded region
πr2 = 100π
r = 10
= m2
Circumference of the circular sticker
= 2π(10) mm = (25π – 24) m2
= 20π mm = 54.5 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
21. The circumference of the wheel is 1.2π m.
15. The distance that the car travels in a second The time that the lorry takes to travel 5 km
= 0.6π × 10 m = 5 × 1000 ÷ (1.2π × 8) seconds
= 18.8 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 166 seconds, cor. to the nearest second

22. Let r cm be the radius of the large circle.

16. Perimeter = cm
πr2 = π(8)2 + π(15)2
= (8 + 6π + 12π) cm r2 = 289

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

(r = 17
= cm2
∴ The radius of the large circle is 17 cm.
= (80 + 25π) cm2
23. Let x cm be the length of a side of PQRS. = 159 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
x2 + x2 = (2 × 10)2 (Pyth. theorem)
2x2 = 400 28. Number of revolutions that Tim's front bicycle wheel
)x= must make
Area of the shaded region = 1 × 125 × 4
= 500
= cm2
29. Number of revolutions that the rear wheel makes
= (100π – 200) cm2
= 114 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 40 ×

24. Let r cm be the radius of the larger circle. = 100

= 30. Let r m be the radius of the swimming pool.

π(r + 3)2 – πr2 = 87π
r2 = × 212 )r2 + 6r + 9 – r2 = 87
r = 28 )r = 13
Circumference of the larger circle ∴ The radius of the swimming pool is 13 m.
= 2π(28) cm
= 176 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 31. (a) The least possible diameter of the circle is 39.5 cm.
The least possible area of the circle
25. Let r cm be the radius of the larger circle. = π(39.5 ÷ 2)2 cm2
πr2 – π(12)2 = 481 = 1230 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
)r = 17.2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. (b) The greatest possible diameter of the circle is
∴ The radius of the larger circle is 17.2 cm. 40.5 cm.
The greatest possible area of the circle
= π(40.5 ÷ 2)2 cm2
26. (a) = 58.5π = 1288.249… cm2
∴ The area of the circle can be 1288 cm2.
) 18 + (6 + x)2 ÷ 2 = 58.5
(6 + x)2 = 81
32. Let x be the length of the wire.
6+x=9
Area of the square
x=3
= (x ÷ 4)2
(b) Perimeter of the figure
= 0.0625x2
= [12π ÷ 2 + (12 + 3 × 2)π ÷ 2 + 3 × 2] cm
Area of the circle
= (6π + 9π + 6) cm
= π(x ÷ 2π)2
= 53.1 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
=
27. (a) ∵ AP + PB = cm and
Percentage change in areas of the figures formed
∴ 2PB + PB = 3PB = cm
∴ PB = cm and AP = 2PB = cm =
In △PAS,
AS = PB = cm = +27.3%, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

PS2 = AS2 + AP2 (Pyth. theorem) 33. (a) Area of the path
= [12 × 2 + 20 × 2 + 12 × 2 + 15 × 2 + π(2)2] m2
PS = cm
= (118 + 4π) m2
= 10 cm = 131 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Radius of the circle (b) The total cost in building the fence
= (10 ÷ 2) cm = $[12 + 20 + 13 + 15 + 2π(2)] × 120
= 5 cm = $(60 + 4π) × 120
(b) Area of the shaded region = $8710, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

34. Area covered by the movement of the circle 1. Let r cm be the radius of the circle.
= {8 × 12 – (12 – 1 × 2 × 2) × (8 – 1 × 2 × 2) Perimeter of the shaded region = 60 cm
– [(1 × 2)2 – π(1)2]} cm2
= 60
= (60 + π) cm2

Practice 12.5 (p.12.14) = 60

1. Length of = 30π cm
= 60
= 30π

r = 60

= 13.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 300 ∴ The radius of the circle is 13.8 cm.

2. Let  be the angle subtended at the centre by . 2. Let r m be the radius of the circle.
Length of = 25π cm Perimeter of the shaded region = 54 m

= 54

= 54

= 225 = 54
The required angle is 225.

= 54
Practice 12.6 (p.12.15)

1. Length of cm r = 54
= 12π cm = 16.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Length of cm ∴ The radius of the circle is 16.8 m.

= 6π cm Class Exercise 12.2A (p.12.17)

BC = AD
= (16 – 8) cm 1. Length of cm
= 8 cm
= 10π cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
= 31.4 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= length of + length of + AD + BC
= (12π + 6π + 8 + 8) cm 2. Length of 7π m
= 72.5 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

2. Length of cm

= 27.5π cm = 315

Length of cm
3. Length of cm
= 16.5π cm
= 22.5π cm
SP = RQ Length of cm
= (15 – 9) cm
= 6 cm = 10π cm
Perimeter of the shaded region PR = SQ
= length of + length of + SP + RQ = (18 – 8) cm
= 10 cm
= (27.5π + 16.5π + 6 + 6) cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
= 150 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= length of + length of + PR + SQ
Practice 12.7 (p.12.16) = (22.5π + 10π + 10 + 10) cm
= 122 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

1. (a) Let θ be the angle of the sector OPQ.

4. Let r m be the radius of the circle. Area of the shaded region PQRS = 9π cm2
Perimeter of the shaded region = 95 m

= 95

= 95

= 95

r = 95
= 72
) = 13.1, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ The angle of the sector OPQ is 72.
∴ The radius of the circle is 13.1 m. (b) Perimeter of the sector OPQ

= cm
Practice 12.8 (p.12.20)
1. Let r cm be the radius of the sector. = 19.5 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Area of the sector = 12π cm2
2. Let θ be the angle of the sector ORS.
= 12π Perimeter of PQSR = (7π + 4) cm

r2 = 36
)r = 6
∴ The radius of the sector is 6 cm.

2. Let θ be the angle of the sector. θ = 90

Area of the sector = 21π m2 Area of the shaded region PQSR

= 21π = cm2

θ= = 7π cm2
∴ The angle of the sector is 210.
Practice 12.11 (p.12.22)
Practice 12.9 (p.12.20) 1. ∵ △POR is an isosceles triangle and POR = 60.
1. Let θ be the angle of the sector OPQ. ∴ OPR = ORP (base s, isos. △)
Length of cm = (180 – 60) ÷ 2
= 60
∴ △POR is an equilateral triangle.
θ = 225 Let M be a point lying on PR such that OM  PR.
P

Area of the sector OPQ = cm2 Q

M
= 40π cm2

O R

In △OPM,
OM = 8 sin 60 cm
2. Let θ be the angle of the sector OXY.
∵ △POR is an equilateral triangle.
Length of = (24 + 15π – 12 × 2) cm
∴ PR = OP
= 15π cm = 8 cm
Area of the shaded region
∴
= area of sector OPQR – area of △OPR
θ = 225
= cm2
Area of the sector OXY = cm2
= 5.80 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 90π cm2
2. ∵ △MON is an isosceles triangle and MON = 72.
Practice 12.10 (p.12.21)

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

∴ OMN = ONM (base s, isos. △) = 225

= (180o – 72o) ÷ 2 Perimeter of the shaded region
= 54o
Let P be a point lying on MN such that OP  MN. = cm

= 122 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

5. (a) Let θ be the angle of the sector OABC.

Let M be a point lying on AC such that OM  AC.
C
B
P
M
In △MON,
MP = 6 cos 54o cm
OP = 6 sin 54o cm A O
∵ P is the mid-point of MN. In △OAM,
∴ MN = MP × 2 ∵ △AOC is an isosceles triangle and AOC = θ.
= 12 cos 54o cm
∴ OAM = OCM (base s, isos. △)
Area of the shaded region
= (180 – θ) ÷ 2
= area of sector OMN + area of △OMN
= 90 –
= cm2

= 108 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. AM = 9 cos (90 – ) cm

∵ M is the mid-point of AC.

Class Exercise 12.2B (p.12.23)
∴ AM = AC ÷ 2
1. Area of the sector OAB
= 14 ÷ 2 cm
= cm2 = 7 cm

= 120π cm2 ∴ 9 cos (90o – )=7

2. Area of the sector = 14π m2 9 sin =7

= 14π θ = 102.1151175…
= 102, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
θ = 315
(b) OM = 9 sin (90o – )
3. Let θ be the angle of the sector OPQ.
Perimeter of the sector OPQ = (30 + 4π) cm = 9 cos
= 30 + 4π

Area of the shaded region

θ = 48
= area of sector OABC – area of △AOC
Area of the sector OPQ = cm2

= 30π cm2 = cm2

4. Let θ be the angle of the sector OPQ. = 32.6 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Area of the shaded region = 162.5π cm2

= 162.5π Exercise 12.2 (p.12.23)

Section Check
(a) ∵ An arc is a portion of the circumference of a circle.
= 162.5π
∴ The statement is correct.
(b) ∵ A sector is the region enclosed by an arc and two radii
= 162.5π of a circle.
∴ The statement is correct.
θ=

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

(c) Length of cm

= 10π cm r=6
∴ The statement is incorrect. ∴ The radius of the sector OXY is 6 cm.
(b) Let r cm be the radius of the sector OXY.
(d) Area of the sector OAB = cm2
Area of the sector OXY = cm2
= 180π cm2
∴ The statement is incorrect.
=

r2 = 25
1. (a) Length of cm r= 5
= 4π cm ∴ The radius of the sector OXY is 5 cm.

Area of the sector OAB = cm2 4. Let θ be the angle subtended at the centre by the arc and
r be the radius of the circle.
= 18π cm2
=
(b) Length of cm
θ = 360 × 30%
= 3.5π cm = 108
∴ The angle subtended at the centre by the arc is 108.
Area of the sector OAB = cm2
Alternative Solution
= 5.25π cm2 ∵ Arc length = circumference × 30%
∴ Angle subtended at the centre by the arc
(c) Length of m
= 360 × 30%
= 17.5π m = 108

Area of the sector OAB = m2 5. Let θ be the angle of the sector and r be the radius of
the circle.
= 87.5π m2

2. (a) Let θ be the angle subtended at the centre by the arc =

PQ.
Length of cm θ = 360 ×

= 160
∴ The angle of the sector is 160.
Alternative Solution
∵ Area of a sector : area of that circle = 4 : 9
θ = 110 ∴ Angle of the sector
∴ The angle subtended at the centre by the arc PQ
= 360 ×
is 110.
= 160
(b) Let θ be the angle subtended at the centre by the arc 6. (a) Length of the arc
PQ.
Area of the sector OPQ = 60π m2 = cm

= 60π = 12π cm
Perimeter of the sector
= (12π + 7.5 + 7.5) cm
= 52.7 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
θ = 150 (b) Area of the sector
∴ The angle subtended at the centre by the arc PQ
is 150. = cm2

= 141 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

3. (a) Let r cm be the radius of the sector OXY.

Length of cm 7. (a) Perimeter of the shaded region

= cm

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 160 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 13. (a) Let θ be the angle of COD.
(b) Area of the shaded region Length of 6π cm

= cm2 = 6π
2
= 698 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. θ = 135
∴ COD = 135
8. (a) Area of the shaded region ∵ AOD and OBC are straight lines.
∴ AOB + COD = 180 (adj. s on st.line)
= cm2
AOB + 135 = 180
AOB = 45
= 180 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Area of the shaded region
(b) Perimeter of the shaded region
= cm2
= cm
= 85.2 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 72.6 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(c) Perimeter of the shaded region
9. Let θ be the angle of the sector. = cm
Length of the arc of the sector = 14π cm
= 38.8 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

θ = 252 14. Area of the shaded region

= area of the sector DCA + area of square ADEF
Area of the sector = cm2 – area of △CFE
= 70π cm2 = cm2

10. (a) Let θ be the angle of the sector. = 63.6 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Area of the sector = 27π cm2
15. (a) Let θ be the angle of the sector.
= 27π

θ = 120
∴ The angle of the sector is 120.
(b) Perimeter of the sector

= cm θ=

= (18 + 6π) cm = 115, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

∴ The angle of the sector is 115.

11. (a) Length of the wire = cm

(b) Area of the square
= 91.4 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= cm2
(b) Let r cm be the radius of the semi-circle.
= 16 cm2
Area of the sector

r = 17.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = cm2

∴ The radius of the semi-circle is 17.8 cm.
= 16 cm2
12. Let r cm be the radius of the arc and θ be the angle The total area of the square and the sector
subtended at the centre by the arc. = (16 + 16) cm2
= 32 cm2
= 3r
16. (a) Let θ be the angle of the sector OPQ.
θ= Area of the shaded region = 18π cm2

= 172, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 18π

∴ The angle subtended at the centre by the arc is 172.

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 18π
19. (a) Let M be a point lying on AC such that OM  AC.
θ = 45
∴ The angle of the sector OPQ is 45.
(b) Area of the sector OPQ M

= cm2

= 32π cm2
In △OAM,
(c) Perimeter of the sector ORS
∵ M is the mid-point of AC.
= cm ∴ AM = AC ÷ 2
= 14 ÷ 2 cm
= (40 + 5π) cm
= 7 cm

17. (a) Let r cm be the radius of the sector OAB. ∴ = sin

Area of the sector OAB = 10π cm2

= 10π cm

= 7.25 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

r2 = 10 × ∴ The radius of the sector OABC is 7.25 cm.
r=6 (b) = tan
∴ The radius of the sector OAB is 6 cm.
(b) Area of the shaded region
OM = cm
= area of sector OCD – area of sector OAB
∵ Area of the shaded region = area of sector OAB Area of the shaded region
∴ Area of the sector OCD = area of sector OABC – area of △AOC
= area of sector OAB × 2
= 10π × 2 cm2 = cm2
= 20π cm2
Let r cm be the radius of the sector OCD. = 55.6 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 20π
20. (a) cos AOB =
r2 = 20 ×
=
.r=
∴ AOB = 61.92751306…
AC = OC – OA
= 61.9, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= cm
(b) AD2 + OD2 = OA2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 2.49 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
AD =
18. (a) OP = OQ
OP2 + OQ2 = PQ 2 (Pyth. theorem) = cm
2OP2 = PQ 2 = 15 cm
OP =
Length of = cm
= cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
= cm = AD + Length of + BD
= 14.1 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The radius of the sector OPQ is 14.1 cm. = cm
(b) Perimeter of the shaded region
= 42.4 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= cm (c) Area of the shaded region
= area of sector OAB – area of △OAD
= 86.6 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(c) Area of the shaded region = cm2

= cm2 = 96.2 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 571 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 21. Let r cm be the length of a side of the square ABCD.

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

Refer to the figure.

A

B C

Area of the shaded region = area of the sector AECB

– area of △ABC

14 =

r = 7.00, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

∴ The length of a side of the square is 7.00 cm.
Let θ be the angle of the sector OAB
and r cm be the radius of the sector O'AC.
22. (a) cos QOY = ∵ △OCO' is an isosceles triangle.
∴ O'OC = O'CO = θ (base s, isos. △)
QOY = 60
AO'C = 2O'OC = 2θ (ext.  of △)
POX = QOY = 60
POX + XOY + QOY = 180 Length of =
(adj. s on st.line)
60 + XOY + 60 = 180 =
XOY = 60
Area of the sector OXY Length of =
2
= cm
=
= 13.5π cm2
= 42.4 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∵ The lengths of and are the same.
(b) Area of the original square paper ∴ The claim is disagreed.
= 92 cm2
= 81 cm2 Practice 12.12 (p.12.30)
1. Volume of the circular cylinder = 272π m3

= 272π
∴ The required percentage
r2 = 16
= × 100%
r=4
= 47.6%, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
2. Volume of the circular cylindrical can = 1280π mm3
23. ∵ △OBD is an isosceles triangle and BOD = 90
π1.62(h) =
∴ OBD = ODB (base s, isos. △)
= (180– 90) ÷ 2 h = 0.5
= 45 Practice 12.13 (p.12.31)
∴ CBD = 45 × 2 = 90 1. (a) Volume of water = 1800π cm3
In △OCB, π × 102 × h = 1800π
BC2 = OC2 + OB2 (Pyth. theorem) h = 18
BC = cm (b) Volume of two metal boxes
= volume of water risen
= cm = π × 102 × (25 – 18) cm3
Area of the shaded region = 700π cm3
∴ Volume of each metal box = 700π ÷ 2 cm3
= cm2
= 350π cm3
= 49 cm2
2. (a) Let r cm be the base radius of the container.
24. Volume of water = 768π cm3
O

θ
O'
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B
A
MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

π × r2 × 12 = 768π
r=8 In △OPM,
∴ The base radius of the container is 8 cm.
(b) Let h cm be the rise in water level. PM = 3 cos 30 m = m
Volume of water risen = volume of the metal ball
OM = 3 sin 30 m = 1.5 m
π × 82 × h = 128π
Base area of the tank
h=2
= area of △POQ + area of sector OPQ
∴ The rise in water level is 2 cm.
=
Practice 12.14 (p.12.32)
1. Volume of the outer circular cylinder
= m2
= cm3

= 4320π cm3
 22.746 670 24 m2
Volume of the inner circular cylinder
= 22.7 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= cm3 (b) Volume of the tank  22.746 670 24 × 20 m3
The time taken to fill up the tank
= 2430π cm3  (22.746 670 24 × 20) m3 ÷ 6 m3/min
The required cost = 75.8 minutes, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= $0.5/cm3 × volume of the pipe
= $0.5 × (4320π – 2430π) Class Exercise 12.3A (p.12.34)
= $2970, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 1. Volume of water risen = π × 142 × (10.5 – 8) cm3
= 490π cm3
2. Volume of the outer circular cylinder Volume of the metal box = volume of water risen
= π(12)2 × 20 cm3 = 490π cm3
= 2880π cm3
Volume of the hole 2. Volume of the outer solid
= (15)2 × h cm3 = π(8)2 × 19 cm3
= 225h cm3 = 1216π cm3
$0.6/cm3 × volume of the solid = $3100 Volume of the hole
$0.6 × (2880π – 225h) = $3100 = 5 × 5 × 19 cm3
h = 17.2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 475 cm3
Volume of the solid
Practice 12.15 (p.12.33) = volume of the outer solid – volume of the hole
1. (a) Base area of the log = (1216π – 475) cm3
= area of sector OAB – area of △AOB = 3350 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= m2

 0.285 398 163 m2 3. Volume of the log = m3

= 0.285 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 64π m3
(b) Volume of the log  0.285 398 163 × 3 m3 The cost of the log = $150 × 64π
Total cost of the log = $30 159.3, cor. to 1 d.p.
 $1600 × (0.285 398 163 × 3)
= $1370, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Practice 12.16 (p.12.36)
1. Let h m be the height of the circular cylinder.
2. (a) ∵ △POQ is an isosceles triangle and
Then, its base radius is m.
POQ = 120.
∴ OPQ = OQP (base s, isos. △) Curved surface area = 27π m2
= (180 – 120) ÷ 2
2π × h × = 27π
= 30
Let M be a point lying on PQ such that OM  PQ. h2 = 20.25
P M Q h = 4.5
3m
O Base area of the circular cylinder = m2

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 9π m2 = 60π cm2
Outer base area of the cube = (102 – π × 32) cm2
2. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder. = (100 – 9π) cm2
Then, its height is 0.5r cm. The required cost
Base area = 64π cm2 = $0.6/cm2 × total surface area of the cube
πr2 = 64π = $0.6 × [400 + 60π + (100 – 9π) × 2]
)r=8 = $439, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Curved surface area of the circular cylinder > $400
= 2π × 8 × 0.5(8) cm2 ∴ The claim is disagreed.
= 64π cm2
= 201 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Practice 12.19 (p.12.40)
1. Let h cm be the rise in water level.
Practice 12.17 (p.12.37) Volume of water after = volume of water before the
1. Volume of water in each glass = π(4)2 × 6.5 cm3 the metal rod is placed metal rod is placed
= 104π cm3
Let r cm be the base radius of the container. π× × (24 + h) – π × × (24 + h)
Volume of water in 3 glasses = volume of water in the
container =π× × 24
( 104π × 3 cm = πr2 × 3 cm3
3

1 104 = r2 200 (24 + h) = 5400

r= 24 + h = 27
Area of the wet surface of the container h=3
Percentage change in the depth of water in the container
= cm2
=
= 519 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 12.5%
> 10%
2. Volume of each coin = × 4 mm3 ∴ The claim is disagreed.

= 400π mm3
2. Let r cm be the base radius of the metal bar.
Let r cm be the base radius of the new coin.
Volume of water after = volume of water before the
Volume of ten coins = volume of the new coin
the metal bar is placed metal bar is placed
10 × 400π mm3 = πr2 × 10 mm3 2 2
π × 12 × (8 × 1.2) – π × r × (8 × 1.2)
) 400 = r2
= π × 122 × 8
r = 20 2
1382.4 – 9.6r = 1152
Total surface area of the new coin
9.6r2 = 230.4
= (π × 202 × 2 + 2π × 20 × 10) mm2
0r2 = 24
= 3770 mm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
r = 4.90, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The base radius of the metal bar is 4.90 cm.
Practice 12.18 (p.12.38)

1. Outer curved surface area = × 6 cm2 Class Exercise 12.3B (p.12.40)

1. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
= 8.4π cm2
Curved surface area = 238π cm2
Inner curved surface area = × 6 cm2 .2πr × 7 = 238π
r = 17
= 6π cm2 Volume of the circular cylinder = π × 172 × 7 cm3
. = 2023π cm3
Outer base area of the tube = π –π cm2

= 0.24π cm2 2. (a) Volume of the original coin

The required cost
=π × 12 mm3
= $0.2/mm2 × total surface area of the tube
= $0.2 × (8.4π + 6π + 0.24π × 2) × 102 = 6912π mm3
= $935, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Volume of each small coin

2. Outer surface area = 102 × 4 cm2 = mm3

= 400 cm2
= 864π mm3
Inner curved surface area = 2π(3) × 10 cm2
Let r mm be the base radius of each small coin.

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

6πr2 = 864π = 603 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

r2 = 144 (b) Volume = π × 6 × 10 cm3
2

r = 12 = 360π cm3
∴ The radius of a small coin is 12 mm. = 1130 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Total surface area of each small coin
= (π × 122 × 2 + 2π × 12 × 6) mm2 2. (a) Total surface area = (π × 22 × 2 + 2π × 2 × 11) m2
= 432π mm2 = 52π m2
Total surface area of the eight small coins = 163 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 432π × 8 mm2 (b) Volume = π × 2 × 11 m3
2

= 10 900 mm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 44π m3

= 138 m3, cor. to 3 sig. fig
3. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
Original total surface area = (πr2 × 2 + 2πr × 20) cm2
3. (a) Total surface area = m2
= 2πr(r + 20) cm2

∴ = 40% = 130π m2
= 408 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= 0.4 (as r > 0) (b) Volume = m3

100 = π(r + 20) = 200π m3

r = 11.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 628 m3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The base radius of the circular cylinder is 11.8 cm.
4. Volume of the circular cylinder = 112π cm3
4. Let h cm be the decrease in water level. πr2(7) = 112π
Volume of water before = volume of water after the
the bar is taken out bar is taken out r=4
22 × 18 × 15 – π × 52 × 15
= 22 × 18 × (15 – h) 5. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
5940 – 375π. = 396(15 – h) Curved surface area = 306π cm2
h  2.974 993 043
Percentage change in the depth of water in the container 2πr × = 306π

= × 100% r = 17

= 19.8%, cor. to 3 sig. fig. V = π × 172 ×

< 20% .= 2601π
∴ The claim is disagreed. 6. Let h cm be the height of the circular cylinder.
Exercise 12.3 (p.12.41) Curved surface area = 560 cm2
Section Check . 2π × 6 × h = 560
(a) The base of a prism is a polygon while the base of a
circular cylinder is a circle. h=
∴ The circular cylinder is not a prism.
∴ The statement is incorrect. Volume of the circular cylinder = π × 62 × cm3
(b) When we cut vertically from the base of a circular
= 1680 cm3
cylinder to the bottom, a rectangular shape of the cross
section will be obtained.
7. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder
∴ The statement is correct.
and h cm be the height of the circular cylinder.
(c) Volume of the circular cylinder = π × 10 cm3 Base area = 9π cm2
. πr2 = 9π
= 40π cm3 .r=3
∴ The statement is incorrect. Curved surface area = 54π cm2
(d) Total surface area of the circular cylinder . 2π × 3 × h = 54π
= (π × 52 × 2 + 2π × 5 × 8) cm2 h=9
= 130π cm2 Volume of the circular cylinder = π × 32 × 9 cm3
∴ The statement is incorrect. = 81π cm3

1. (a) Total surface area = (π × 62 × 2 + 2π × 6 × 10) cm2 8. (a) Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder
= 192π cm2 and h cm be the height of the circular cylinder.

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

Circumference of the base = 12π cm

2πr = 12π ∴
r=6
Total surface area = 132π cm2
π × 62 × 2 + 2π × 6 × h = 132π
h =5 ∴ r:h=3:1
∴ The height of the circular cylinder is 5 cm.
(b) Volume of the circular cylinder 14. Capacity of the tank = π(30)2 × 70 cm3
= π × 62 × 5 cm3 = 63 000π cm3
= 180π cm3 The rate of water flow = 63 000π ÷ (3 × 60) cm3/min
= 565 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 1100 cm3/min, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

9. (a) Volume of water risen 15. Total surface area of the solid
= π × 62 × 3 cm3 = total surface area of cylinder + total area of the 4 sides
= 108π cm3 of the cube
Volume of the block = volume of water risen = [π(12)2 × 2 + 2π(12) × 6 + 8 × 8 × 4] cm2
= 108π cm3 = (432π + 256) cm2
= 339 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 1610 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Let h cm be the original depth of water.
Volume of water = 2826 cm3
16. (a) Base area = m2
π × 62 × h = 2826
h = 25.0, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = (100 – 6.75π) m2
∴ The original depth of water is 25.0 cm.
Total curved area = 2π(3) × 20 × m2

10. Volume of the outer circular cylinder = 90π m2

= π(7)2 × 15 cm3 Total surface area
= 735π cm3 = [(100 – 6.75π) × 2 + 90π + 7 × 20 × 2
Volume of the hole + 4 × 20 × 2] m2
= πr2 × 10 cm3 = 880 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 10πr2 cm3 (b) Volume = base area × 20
The required cost = $2400 = (100 – 6.75π) × 20 m3
$1.2/cm3 × volume of the solid = $2400 = 1580 m3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
1.2 × (735π – 10πr2) = 2400
10πr2 = 735π – 2000
r = 3.14, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 17. Let a cm be the base radius of circular cylinder A.
11. Volume of circular cylinder A 2πa = 30
= π(3)2 × 24 cm3
a=
= 216π cm3
Let r cm be the base radius of circular cylinder B. Volume of cylinder A
Volume of circular cylinder B = 216π cm3
πr2 × 6 = 216π = cm3
r2 = 36
r=6 = cm3
∴ The base radius of circular cylinder B is 6 cm.
Let b cm be the base radius of circular cylinder B.
2πb = 24
12. Let h cm be the height of the circular cylinder.
Then, its base radius is h cm. b=
Total surface area = 196π cm2
Volume of cylinder B
πh2 × 2 + 2πh × h = 196π
2πh2 + 2πh2 = 196π = cm3
h2 = 49
h= 7
= cm3
∴ The height of the circular cylinder is 7 cm.
< cm3
13. Total area of the two bases = πr2 × 2 = 2πr2 cm2
Curved surface area = 2πr × h = 2πrh cm2 ∴ Circular cylinder A has a greater volume.
∵ Total area of the two bases : curved surface area
=3:1 18. Volume of water risen = π × 52 × 0.36 m3

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 9π m3 = 19.5 cm
Volume of the six cubes = volume of water risen The least possible total surface area of the cylinder
= 9π m3 = (π × 7.52 × 2 + 2π × 7.5 × 19.5) cm2
Volume of each cube = 9π ÷ 6 m3 = (112.5π + 292.5π) cm2
= 1.5π m3 = 405π cm2
= 4.71 m3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
24. Both the base radius and the height of a right circular
cylinder can be 12.05 cm.
19. (a) Volume of milk in the can = π × 15 cm3 Total surface area of the cylinder
= [π × (12.05)2 × 2 + 2π × 12.05 × 12.05] cm2
= 375π cm3 = 1825 cm2, cor. to the nearest cm2
Let r cm be the base radius of the container. > 1800 cm2
Volume of milk in = volume of milk in the ∴ The actual total surface area of the circular cylinder
the can container can exceed 1800 cm2.
( 375π cm3 = πr2 × 6 cm3
25. Let h be the height of the smaller circular cylinder.
62.5 = r2
Then, the height of the larger circular cylinder is 2h.
r= πR2(2h) = 4 × πr2(h)
= 7.91, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The base radius of the container is 7.91 cm.
(b) Area of the wet surface of the container

= cm2
∴ R:r=
= 494 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

20. (a) Volume of the original circular cylinder 26. Let x be the length of side of the square.
= π × 82 × 6 cm3 Base radius =
= 384π cm3
= 1210 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Height = x
(b) Let l m be the length of the wire. The ratio of base radius and height of the circular cylinder
Volume of the wire = 384π ÷ 1003 m3 = :x

π× × l = 384π ÷ 1003 = 1 : 2π
27. Surface area of the cube = 6a2
l = 96
∴ The length of the wire is 96 m. Curved surface area = 2π × ×

21. (a) Capacity of the tank =

= π × 1.52 × 2 m3
= 4.5π m3 Total surface area of the solid
= 14.1 m3
= 6a2 +
(b) The time taken to fill up the tank
= [(4.5π) × 1003] cm3 ÷ [1000 × 60 × 60] cm3/h
= 3.93 hours, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =
< 4 hours
∴ The tank can be fully filled up in 4 hours.
28. (a) ∵ △POQ is an isosceles triangle and
POQ = 120.
22. Capacity of the tank
∴ OPQ =OQP (base s, isos. △)
= π × 3 2 × 5 m3
= (180 – 120) ÷ 2
= 45π m3
= 30
The time taken after 10 hours to fill up the tank
Let M be a point lying on PQ such that OM  PQ.
= [(45π) m3 – 10 m3/hour × 10 hours] ÷ 7 m3/hour M
P Q
= 5.91 hours, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
1m
The time required to fill up the tank
O
= (5.91 + 10) hours
= 15.9 hours, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

In △OPM,
23. The least possible base radius of the cylinder
= 7.5 cm PM = 1 cos 30 m = m
The least possible height of the cylinder

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 700π cm2
OM = 1 sin 30 m = m
New total surface area
Base area of the log = (π × 102 × 4 + 2π × 10 × 25 + 2 × 10 × 25 × 2) cm2
= area of sector OPQ + area of △POQ = (900π + 1000) cm2
Percentage change in the total surface area
=
= × 100%

= +74.0%, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= m2

32. (a) ∵ △POQ is an isosceles triangle and

 2.527 407 804 m2
POQ = 120.
= 2.53 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ OPQ = OQP (base s, isos. △)
(b) Total surface area
= (180 – 120) ÷ 2
= [2.527 407 804 × 2 + × 2 × 10 = 30
Let M be a point lying on PQ such that OM  PQ.

+ ] m2
O
 64.263 225 73 m2
Total painting cost 120
 $130 × 64.263 225 73 P M Q
= $8354.2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
In △OPM,
29. (a) ∵ The base area of a large circular cylinder is
16 times that of a small one PM = 40 cos 30 cm = 40 cm = 20 cm

∴ OM = 40 sin 30 cm = 20 cm

Area of the shaded region in Figure II

= area of sector OPQ – area of △POQ

∴ r:R=1:4
(b) ∵r:R=1:4 = cm2
∴ 4r = R
 982.695 758 9 cm2
Let h cm be the height of a large circular cylinder.
= 983 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
πR2(h) × 2 = 48 × πr2(5)
(b) Area of the wet surface
π(4r)2(h) × 2 = 48 × πr2(5)
32h = 240  cm2
h = 7.5
∴ The height of a large circular cylinder is 7.5 cm. = 10 300 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

30. Let h cm be the increase in water level. 33. Volume of water

Volume of water after = volume of water before the = π × 52 × 8 cm3
the rod is placed rod is placed = 200π cm3
Volume of the air
π × (13 + h) – π × (13 + h) = π × 13 = π × 52 × 14 cm3
= 350π cm3
(1872 + 144h) – (208 + 16h) = 1872 The capacity of the bottle
128h = 208 = (200π + 350π) mL
h = 1.625 = 550π mL
Percentage change in the depth of water in the container = 1730 mL, cor. to the nearest tens
= × 100% 1 cm
34. (a)
= 12.5% 1 cm
∴ The claim is agreed.
O

31. Original total surface area P Q

= (π × 102 × 2 + 2π × 10 × 25) cm2 M

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

Let O be the centre of the circle. = 34 cm

∵ The radius of the circle is 2 cm. Circumference = 34π cm
∴ OP = 2 cm = 107 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Let M be a point lying on PQ such that OM  PQ.
PM2 + OM2 = OP2 (Pyth. theorem) 2. (a) Length of arc = 2π × 4 × cm
PM = cm = 3π cm
= cm Area of sector = π × 42 × cm2
∴ PQ = PM × 2
= 6π cm2
=
(b) Let θ be the angle of the sector.
(b) Refer to the figure.
2π(8) × = 2.4π
Y θ = 54
∴ Angle of the sector = 54
X
Area of sector = π(8)2 × cm2
= 9.6π cm2
(c) Let r m be the radius of the sector.

2πr × = 17π
∵a:b=3:1 r = 10
∴ XY = cm (from (a)) ∴ Radius of the sector = 10 m
= cm Area of sector = π(10)2 × m2
The new total surface area
= 85π m2
= [π(1)2 × 2 + 2π(1)(4) + ( )(4)(2)] cm2
(d) Let θ be the angle of the sector.
=( ) cm2
π(6)2 × = 7.5π
The original total surface area
= [π(1)2 × 2 + 2π(1)(4)] cm2 θ = 75
= cm2 ∴ Angle of the sector = 75
Percentage increase in the total surface area Length of arc = 2π × 6 × cm
= × 100% = 2.5π cm

= 44.1%, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 3. (a) Total surface area = [π(2)2 × 2 + 2π × 2 × 5] m2

= 87.9 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Revision Exercise 12 (p.12.48) Volume = π(2) × 5 m3
2

1. (a) Diameter = 3 × 2 cm = 62.8 m3

= 6 cm (b) Height = 1570 ÷ π(10)2 cm
Circumference = 6π cm = 5 cm
= 18.8 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Total surface area = [π(10)2 × 2 + 2π × 10 × 5] cm2
Area = π(3)2 cm2 = 942 cm2
= 28.3 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. (c) Let r m be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
(b) Radius = 7 ÷ 2 m πr2(24) = 1884
= 3.5 m r2 = 25
Circumference = 7π m r=5
= 22.0 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ Base radius of the circular cylinder = 5 m
Area= π(3.5)2 m2 Total surface area = [π(5)2 × 2 + 2π × 5 × 24] m2
= 38.5 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 911 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(c) Radius = 59.66 ÷ 2π mm (d) Let h cm be the height of the circular cylinder.
= 9.5 mm π(4)2 × 2 + 2π(4)h = 326.56
Diameter = 9.5 × 2 mm h=9
= 19 mm ∴ Height of the circular cylinder = 9 cm
Area = π(9.5)2 mm2 Volume = π(4)2 × 9 cm3
= 283 mm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 452 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(d) Radius = cm
= 17 cm
4. Perimeter = m
Diameter = 17 × 2 cm

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= (10 + 17.5π) m = 1250

= 65.0 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Number of turns that rear wheel will revolve
Area = m2 = 3.14 × 100 000 ÷ 100π
= 1000
= 81.25π m2 Difference between the numbers of turns of the two
= 255 m2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. wheels
= 1250 – 1000
= 250
5. Perimeter = cm

= (23 – 16 + 12π + 17) cm

= 61.7 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 12. Area of EFGH = cm2
Area = cm2 = (144 – 36π) cm2
= (48π + 60) cm2 Perimeter of EFGH = 12π cm
= 211 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
13. Area of the figure

6. Perimeter = cm = cm2

= (30 – + 7.5π) cm = 20.6 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig

= 46.5 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 14. Area of △OAB = 24.5 cm2
Area = cm2 = 24.5 cm2
= (18.75π + 12.5 + 50) cm2
AO = 7 cm
= 121 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
BO = AO = 7 cm
AB2 = AO2 + BO2 (Pyth. theorem)
7. Total surface area
AB = cm
= = cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
cm2
= cm
= 722 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Volume = 20.9 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.

= cm3 15. Area of the green region

3
= 1030 cm , cor. to 3 sig. fig. = [π(3)2 – π(2)2 + π(1)2] sq. units
= 6π sq. units
8. Total surface area Area of the blue region
={π(10)2 + [2π(10) ÷ 2 + 2π(5)] × 20}cm2 = [π(2)2 – π(1)2] sq. units
= (100π + 400π) cm2 = 3π sq. units
= 1570 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. The ratio of the area of the blue region to that of the green
Volume region
= 3π : 6π
= cm3 =1:2
= 3140 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 16. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
2πr(13) = 208π
r=8
9. Radius = Total surface area of the circular cylinder
= (208π + π × 82 × 2) cm2
A=π = = 1060 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Volume of the circular cylinder
= π × 82 × 13 cm3
10. Increase in the area of the circle
= 2610 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= [π(62.8 ÷ 2π + 5)2 – π(62.8 ÷ 2π)2] cm2
= 393 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
17. (a) Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
2πr = 10π
11. Number of turns that front wheel will revolve
r=5
= 3.14 × 100 000 ÷ 80π
Height of the circular cylinder

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 75π ÷ π(5)2 cm 23. Let θ be the angle of the sector and r cm be the radius
= 3 cm of the sector.
(b) Total surface area of the circular cylinder
= [π(5)2 × 2 + 2π(5) × 3] cm2 Arc length = cm
= 251 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
2π(r) × =
18. (a) Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
Then, its height is 4(2r) = 8r cm. πr × =
Volume of the circular cylinder = 216π cm3
πr2 × 8r = 216π Area of the sector = cm2
r3 = 27
r=3
π(r)2 × =
∴ The base radius of the circular cylinder is 3 cm.
(b) Total surface area
= (π × 32 × 2 + 2π × 3 × 8 × 3) cm2 πr =
= 162π cm2 r=7
Perimeter of the sector

19. Volume of the cylinders = cm

= volume of water risen
= π × 122 × 4 cm3 = 30.5 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 576π cm3
Height of each metal circular cylinder 24. Area of the shaded region
= 576π ÷ 3 ÷ π(3)2 cm
= cm2
= 21.3 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= (64 + 4π) cm2
20. Volume of the oolong tea = 76.6 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= π × 62 × 18 cm3
= 648π cm3 25. Area of the small square
Height of the oolong tea in the cup = (222 – 105 × 4) cm2
= 648π ÷ π(12)2 cm = 64 cm2
= 4.5 cm ∴ Length of a side of the square = cm
= 8 cm
21. OA = OD
Area of the shaded region
OB = OC
Area of the quadrilateral ABCD = 36 cm2 = cm2
area of △OAD – area of △OBC = 36 cm2
= 13.7 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
cm2

∴ OA2 – OB2 = 72 cm2 26. (a) ∵ △OAC is an isosceles triangle and

Area of the ring ACO = 120.
= [π(OA)2 – π(OB)2] ∴ COA = CAO (base s, isos. △)
= π(OA2 – OB2) = (180 – 120) ÷ 2
= π(72) cm2 = 30
= 72π cm2 Let M be a point lying on AO such that CM  AO
A
22. Let θ be the angle of the sector and 2r be the radius
of the sector. M
Then, the radius of the circle is r.
Area of a sector = area of a circle O C B

π(2r)2 × = π(r)2 In △COM,

4× =1 OC = cm = cm

θ = 90
i.e. AC = cm
∴ The angle of the sector is 90.

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

CM = cm = (32 – 8π) cm2

Perimeter of the shaded region AD2 = 64 cm2

AD = 8 cm
= cm In △ADC,
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 (Pyth. theorem)
= 15.2 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
AC = cm
(b) Area of the shaded region
= area of sector OAB – area of △OAC = cm
∵ CD = AD = 8 cm
= cm 2 and CE = CD = 8 cm
∴ AE = AC – CE

= 11.7 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =( – 8) cm

= 3.31 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Perimeter of the shaded region
27. (a) ∵ △AOD is an isosceles triangle and
= cm
AOD = 60.
∴ OAD = ODA (base s, isos. △) = 17.6 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= (180 – 60) ÷ 2
= 60
∴ △OAD is an equilateral triangle.
30.
∴ OA = AD = BC = 6 cm
Perimeter of the shaded region
Perimeter of the shaded region
= cm

= 59.4 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = cm

(b) Area of the shaded region
= 113 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= area of sector OAD + area of △OAD
+ area of ABCD
31. Let x be the length of the wire.
= cm 2 Area of the circle

= 176 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =π

28. QB = = 5 cm =

In △AQB, Area of the rectangle

AQ2 + QB2 = AB2 (Pyth. theorem)
=
AQ = cm
= 12 cm
=
sin∠BAQ =
Percentage change in the areas of the two figures formed

=
=
 22.619 864 95
BAC = 2BAQ  45.239 729 9
Area of the shaded region = –30.2%, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= area of △ABC – area of sector APQR
32. Let θ be the angle of the sector and r cm be the radius
= cm2 of the sector.

= 3.15 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Original area = πr2 ×

29. (a) Area of the shaded region = (32 – 8π) cm2 New area = (1 – 0.85)πr2 ×
= (32 – 8π) cm2

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

=
= (1 – 0.85)πr2 ×

= cm2
× = 1 – 0.85
 3 930.783 036 cm2
100 – x = 60 = 3930 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
x = 40 (b) Volume of the solid  3 930.783 036 × 135 cm3
Cost of the solid
33. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylindrical can.  $17 500 × (3 930.783 036 × 135 ÷ 1003)
Volume of the cubical can = 113 cm3 = $9290, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ 11πr2 = 113
r = 6.21, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The base radius of the circular cylindrical can
is 6.21 cm. 37. The required possible range is
.
34. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylindrical can
and h cm be its height. i.e.
Original capacity = πr2h
38. (a) Let h cm be the height of container B.
New capacity = Capacity of container A = π(4)2 × 8 cm3
∴ 82h = π(4)2 × 8
Percentage change in capacity h = 2π
= 6.28, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= ∴ The height of container B is 6.28 cm.
(b) Wet surface of container A
= –87.5% = [π(4)2 + 2π(4) × 8] cm2
= 80π cm2
35. (a) Total volume occupied by the cans of soft drink
= 251 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= π(5)2 × 12 × 12 cm3
Wet surface of container B
= 3600π cm3
= (82 + 8 × 2π × 4) cm2
= 11 300 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 265 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Capacity of the box
> wet surface of container A
= (5 × 2 × 3) × (5 × 2 × 4) × 12 cm3
∴ The claim is agreed.
= 14 400 cm3
Percentage of the space occupied
39. (a) Volume of the cube = 83 cm3
= = 512 cm3
The rise in water level × π(6)2 = volume of the cube
= 78.5%, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ The rise in water level
= 512 ÷ π(6)2 cm
36. (a) ∵ △AOB is an isosceles triangle and = 4.53 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
AOB =120. (b) Volume of the cube = 43 cm3
∴ OAB = OBA (base s, isos. △) = 64 cm3
= (180 – 120) ÷ 2 The rise in water level × π(6)2 = volume of the cube
= 30 ∴ The rise in water level
Let M be a point lying on AB such that OM  AB. = 64 ÷ π(6)2 cm
X = 0.566 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
A
cm
M
120 ∴ The claim is disagreed.

O B
40. The radius of the large quarter circle = 21 cm
In △OAM,
AM = 80 cos 30 cm = cm The radius of the small quarter circle = 21 cm = 14 cm
OM = 80 sin 30 cm = 40 cm
Area of the shaded region
= area of sector OAXB – area of △AOB

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

43.

1st roll: cm = 24π cm

Area of shaded region A
= [21 × (21 – 14) – area of II] cm2
2nd roll: cm = 25π cm
= (147 – area of II) cm2
Area of shaded region B
3rd roll: cm = 7π cm
= cm2

= (61.25π – area of II) cm2 Length of the path travelled by point A

∴ The difference in the areas = (24π + 25π + 7π) cm
= [61.25π – area of II – (147 – area of II)] cm2 = 176 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
= 45.5 cm2
44. Refer to the figure.

41. Area of △ABC =

Area of the shaded region a b ba

a a
b b
= ba ab
a a
bb

Radius of each small circle = cm = 2 cm

=
Area of the each small square = 2 × 2 cm2
= 2a + 2b = 2 × 2
a+b=2
= area of △ABC b = 2 – a …….. (1)

42. Area of a quarter of a small circle = cm2

O 2a + b =

A B 2a + b = π ……… (2)
Put (1) into (2).
C 2a + (2 – a) = π
OC = OA = OB a+2=π
CO = CA = CB a=π–2
∴ OC = OA = OB = CA = CB ∴ Area of the shaded region
∴ △AOC and △BOC are equilateral triangles.
= cm2
∴ AOC = OCA = OAC = 60
∴ BOC = OBC = OCB = 60
= cm2
Let M be a point of OA such that CM  OA. 2
= 32 cm
CM = OC sin COM = r sin 60 cm
Area of the shaded region
45. (a) Length of = m
= cm2

= m
=
= m

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= 33.5 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = 36π cm2

(b) Inner curved surface area of the tunnel Area of the circle with centre O
= π(6)2 cm2
= × 1.2 × 1000 m2 = 36π cm2
= 12 800π m2 = area of the shaded region
The required cost ∴ The claim is agreed.
= $150 ×12 800π
= $6 030 000, cor. to 3 sig. fig. 48. ORT = BOR = 45 (alt. s, AB // DC)
∵ △TOR is an isosceles triangle and ORT = 45.
46. (a) Volume of the nine circular cylinders ∴ OTR = ORT = 45 (base s, isos. △)
= π × 22 × h × 9 cm3 ∴ TOR = 180 – (45 × 2)
= 36πh cm3 = 90
Let r cm be the base radius of the large circular ∴ Area of the shaded region
cylinder. = area of sector OTSR – area of △TOR
Volume of the large = volume of the nine
circular cylinder circular cylinders = cm2
πr2h = 36πh
= 7.13 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
r2 = 36
r=6 49. (a) Capacity of container A = π(3)2× 6 cm3
∴ The base radius of the large circular cylinder is = 54π cm3
6 cm. = 170 cm3, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Total surface area of the nine circular cylinders (b) Depth of water in contaniner B
= [π × 22 × 2 + 2π(2)h] × 9 cm2 = 54π ÷ π(5)2 cm
= (72π + 36πh) cm2 = 2.16 cm
Total surface area of the large circular cylinder Depth of water in contaniner C
= [π × 62 × 2 + 2π(6)h] cm2 = 54π ÷ π(6)2 cm
= (72π + 12πh) cm2 = 1.5 cm
∴ (1 – 0.25)(72π + 36πh) = 72π + 12πh Area of the wet surface in contaniner B
72 + 36h = 96 + 16h = [π(5)2 + 2π(5) × 2.16] cm2
h = 1.2 = 46.6π cm2
Area of the wet surface in contaniner C
47. (a) D
= [π(6)2 + 2π(6) × 1.5] cm2
= 54π cm2
O > area of the wet surface in contaniner B
∴ The claim is disagreed.

50. (a) A C A C
A B C
E
8 cm 18 cm

Radius of the largest semi-circle = cm

B D B
= 13 cm
∴ DE = AE = 13 cm Let D be a point right below A and lies on the
BE = AE – AB circumference of the same base with B.
= (13 – 8) cm
Length of = length of = m = 4π m
= 5 cm
In △DBE, and AD = CB = 10 m.
DB2 + BE2 = DE2 (Pyth. theorem) The length of the line joining A and B is the shortest
DB = cm if it is a straight line.
= 12 cm ∴ AB2 = AD2 + (Pyth. theorem)

∴ OB = AB = m

= 6 cm = m
(b) Area of the shaded region = 16.1 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The shortest length of the line is 16.1 m.
= cm2 (b) The new shortest length

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

= m Area of the sector

= m = π(6)2 × cm2
Percentage increase in the shortest length

= × 100% = 36π × cm2

= 18 cm2
= 3.99%
< 4% ∴ The answer is A.
∴ The claim is disagreed.
4. Length of = × 2π(6) cm
Multiple Choice Questions (p.12.56)
1. Let r cm be the original radius of the circle. = 3π cm
For I: In △AOB,
The original diameter = 2r cm OA2 + OB2 = AB2 (Pyth. theorem)
The new diameter = 2(r – 1) cm AB = cm
= (2r – 2) cm
= cm (or 6 cm)
∴ The diameter is decreased by 2 cm.
Perimeter of the shaded region
∴ I is true.
For II: = (3π + ) cm [or (3π + 6 ) cm]
The original circumference = 2πr cm ∴ The answer is C.
The new circumference = 2π(r – 1) cm
= (2πr – 2π) cm 5. Area of the shaded region
∴ The circumference is decreased by 2π cm.
= cm2
∴ II is not true.
For III: = (75π – 27π) cm2
The original area = πr2 cm2 = 150.80 cm2, cor. to 2 d.p.
The new area = π(r – 1)2 cm2 ∴ The answer is B.
= π(r2 – 2r + 1) cm2
= (πr2 – 2πr + π) cm2 6. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
∴ The area is decreased by (2πr – π) cm2. Base area of the circular cylinder = 16π cm2
∴ III is not true. πr2 = 16π
∴ The answer is A. ∴ r=4
Total surface area of the circular cylinder
2. Area of the sector = x cm2 = [2(16π) + 2π × 4 × 7] cm2
= (32π + 56π) cm2
=x
= 88π cm2
∴ x = 6π ∴ The answer is D.
= 18.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
Area of the square = y cm2 7. In △DCE,
4×4=y ∵ DC = CE
∴ y = 16 ∴ △DCE is an isosceles traiangle.
Area of the traingle = z cm2 ∴ CED = CDE (base s, isos.△)
CED + CDE + DCE = 180 ( sum of △)
6×6× =z
2CED + 90 = 180
∴ z = 18 CED = 45
∵ 18.8 > 18 >16 Similarly, BEA = 45.
∴x>z>y CED + DEA + BEA = 180 (s on st. line)
∴ The answer is B. 45 + DEA + 45 = 180
DEA = 90
3. Let θ be the angle of the sector. In △DCE,
Arc length = 6 cm CD2 + CE2 = DE2 (Pyth. theorem)
DE = cm
2π(6) × =6
= cm
Area of the whole figure
θ=

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

∵ Base area = curved surface area

= cm2
πr2 = 2πrh
= (100 + 50π) cm2 ∴ r = 2h
= 257 cm2, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ The answer is C.
∴ The answer is B.

12. Base area of the cube = 2 × 2 cm2

8. For A: = 4 cm2
Volume of the circular cylinder Volume of the cube = 2 × 2 × 2 cm3
= π(10)2 × 4 cm3 = 8 cm3
= 400π cm3 Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder
For B: and h cm be the height of the circular cylinder.
Volume of the circular cylinder Base area of the circular cylinder = base area of the cube
= π(8)2 × 6 cm3 πr2 = 4
= 384π cm3
r=
For C:
Volume of the circular cylinder Volume of the circular cylinder = volume of the cube
= π(5)2 × 16 cm3 πr2h = 8
= 400π cm3 4h = 8
For D: h=2
Volume of the circular cylinder Curved surface area of the circular cylinder
= π(4)2 × 25 cm3 = 2πrh cm2
= 400π cm3
∴ The answer is B. = cm2

9. Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder =8 cm2

and h cm be the height of the circular cylinder. ∴ The answer is A.
Then V = πr2h.
Volume of the new circular cylinder 13. Total surface area
= π(3r)2 × 2h cm3
= cm2
= 18πr2h cm3
= 18V cm3 = (60π + 360 + 75π) cm2
∴ The answer is D. = (135π + 360) cm2
∴ The answer is D.
10. Let a be the base radius of circular cylinder A,
b be the base radius of circular cylinder B and 14. Total volume of the two metal cubes
h be the height of each of the cylinders. = (4 × 4 × 4 + 8 × 8 × 8) cm3
Volume of circular cylinder A = πa2h = 576 cm3
Volume of circular cylinder B = πb2h Let r cm be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
∵ volume of circular cylinder A : volume of circular Volume of the circular cylinder = 576 cm3
cylinder B = 9 : 1 πr2(6) = 576
r = 5.53, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ =
∴ The base radius of the circular cylinder is 5.53 cm.
∴ The answer is A.
=9

15. C B C B
=9

=3
∴ a:b=3:1 A A
∴ The answer is C.
Length of = cm
11. Let r be the base radius of the circular cylinder.
Base area of the circular cylinder = πr2 = 4π cm
Curved surface area of the circular cylinder = 2πrh The shortest length of the line = AB = 15 cm

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MathSmart 2B (Chapter 12) Detailed Solutions

CA2 + = AB2 (Pyth. theorem)

CA2 = AB2 –
CA = cm
= 8.19 cm, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The answer is B.

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