Basic Excel Formulas with Examples and Explanations
Formula: SUM
Example: =SUM(A1:A5)
Explanation: Adds all numbers in the range A1 to A5.
Formula: AVERAGE
Example: =AVERAGE(B1:B5)
Explanation: Calculates the average of the numbers in B1 to B5.
Formula: IF
Example: =IF(C1>10, "Yes", "No")
Explanation: Returns 'Yes' if C1 is greater than 10, otherwise returns 'No'.
Formula: COUNT
Example: =COUNT(D1:D10)
Explanation: Counts the number of numeric entries in the range D1 to D10.
Formula: COUNTA
Example: =COUNTA(E1:E10)
Explanation: Counts the number of non-empty cells in the range E1 to E10.
Formula: VLOOKUP
Example: =VLOOKUP(101, A2:C10, 2, FALSE)
Explanation: Looks for value 101 in the first column of the range and returns the value in the 2nd
column.
Formula: HLOOKUP
Example: =HLOOKUP("Q1", A1:D3, 2, FALSE)
Explanation: Searches for 'Q1' in the top row and returns the value from the 2nd row.
Formula: INDEX
Example: =INDEX(A1:C3, 2, 2)
Explanation: Returns the value at the intersection of the 2nd row and 2nd column in the range
A1:C3.
Formula: MATCH
Example: =MATCH(25, A1:A10, 0)
Explanation: Returns the position of 25 in the range A1:A10.
Formula: NOW
Example: =NOW()
Explanation: Returns the current date and time.
Formula: TODAY
Example: =TODAY()
Explanation: Returns the current date.
Formula: LEN
Example: =LEN("Excel")
Explanation: Returns the number of characters in the text 'Excel'.
Formula: TRIM
Example: =TRIM(" Hello ")
Explanation: Removes extra spaces from text, leaving only single spaces between words.
Formula: CONCATENATE
Example: =CONCATENATE(A1, B1)
Explanation: Joins the contents of A1 and B1 into one string.
Formula: TEXT
Example: =TEXT(A1, "mm/dd/yyyy")
Explanation: Formats the number in A1 as a date.
Formula: LEFT
Example: =LEFT(A1, 3)
Explanation: Returns the first 3 characters from the text in A1.
Formula: RIGHT
Example: =RIGHT(A1, 2)
Explanation: Returns the last 2 characters from the text in A1.
Formula: MID
Example: =MID(A1, 2, 3)
Explanation: Returns 3 characters from the text in A1, starting from the 2nd character.
Formula: AND
Example: =AND(A1>10, B1<5)
Explanation: Returns TRUE if both conditions are true.
Formula: OR
Example: =OR(A1>10, B1<5)
Explanation: Returns TRUE if any one of the conditions is true.