Journal of Architectural Research and Development, 2025, Volume 9, Issue 1
https://ojs.bbwpublisher.com/index.php/JARD
Online ISSN: 2208-3537
Print ISSN: 2208-3529
Application of Deep Foundation Pit Construction
Technology in Civil Engineering Construction
Nan Jiang*
Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
Copyright: © 2025 Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(CC BY 4.0), permitting distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is cited.
Abstract: As one of the commonly used technologies in modern civil engineering, the construction technology is
becoming more and more widely used with the continuous growth of building height. In the construction process of high-
rise buildings, the deep foundation pit support provides the necessary stability for the foundation structure of the building
project, and more effectively guarantees the quality of the project. Through the reasonable supporting structure, the deep
foundation pit technology can effectively prevent the risk of soil collapse, foundation pit deformation and other risks, and
improve the safety factor of the whole construction project. Especially in the high-rise buildings, the deep foundation pit
support technology can consolidate the foundation for the long-term stability of the project, and significantly prolong the
service life of the building. The continuous development of deep foundation pit construction technology is the inevitable
demand of high-rise building construction, and also provides a powerful help for the development of civil engineering
industry. Based on this, this paper focuses on the application of deep foundation pit construction technology in civil
engineering construction.
Keywords: Civil engineering; Deep foundation pit construction technology; Application
Online publication: February 13, 2025
1. Foreword
Deep foundation pit construction technology is widely used in the construction of high-rise buildings and other
projects. With the advancement of urbanization process, land resources are increasingly tight, and the demand for
deep foundation pit project is increasing. In order to ensure the safety and stability in the construction process of
deep foundation pit, the reasonable application of support technology is particularly important. Deep foundation
pit support technology aims to prevent soil collapse, foundation pit deformation and other safety risks, and ensure
the smooth construction through the effective support structure.
2. Analysis of the importance of deep foundation pit support construction
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, more and more building projects have begun to expand to the
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underground space, and deep foundation pit engineering has gradually become a common demand in modern
building construction. However, the soil environment of the construction site is usually complex and changeable,
and the geological conditions are quite different, which makes some soil layers cannot directly meet the
requirements of the construction of high-rise buildings, and there may even be a risk of instability [1–5]. Therefore,
the construction technology of deep foundation pit support arises at a historic moment. Strengthening the soil to
avoid soil collapse, deformation, and other problems, provides a safe working environment for the subsequent
construction. Common supporting technologies include concrete pile plates, steel sheet piles, concrete mixing
piles, etc., which can effectively support the soil layer, prevent the surrounding ground subsidence, ensure the
stability of the foundation pit, and prevent the penetration of groundwater and the movement of the soil. The
choice of each support method needs to be formulated according to the specific geological conditions of the
construction site, the surrounding environment, and the project scale.
In modern civil engineering projects, especially in the construction of deep foundation pit and large-diameter
projects, the requirements of deep foundation pit support are getting higher and higher. With the continuous
expansion of the project scale, the design and construction of the supporting structure often face greater challenges.
The stability of deep foundation pit support is directly related to the safety of the whole project. Once the problem
occurs in the foundation pit support structure, it may lead to soil collapse, affect the construction progress, and
even bring serious safety accidents. Therefore, the construction team must calculate the carrying capacity of the
supporting structure according to the actual situation of the site, and scientifically design the supporting system
to ensure the safety and reliability of every step in the construction process. To solve the problem of soil layer
stability, deep foundation pit support is more necessary to consider seepage prevention and waterproofing, to
avoid the damage of groundwater infiltration to the foundation pit. Seepage prevention and reinforcement play an
important role in this process. Commonly used technologies include wellpoint dewatering, dewatering well, and
other methods, which can effectively reduce the risk of water accumulation in the foundation pit and reduce the
influence of the hydrological environment on the supporting structure in the construction process [6–9].
However, the deep foundation pit support is not only designed to provide a temporary safety guarantee in the
construction process but also plays an important role in the whole life cycle of the project. After the completion of
the project, the foundation pit supporting structure usually needs to be removed. How to carry out the demolition
operation and make reasonable use of the demolition materials has become a new topic. In the process of
demolition, the recycling of materials directly affects the economic benefits of the project. The construction team
needs to pay attention to how to reduce the waste of resources and improve the reuse rate of demolition materials,
to achieve the goal of saving cost and reducing environmental pollution. In general, the construction team should
reasonably select the support methods according to the needs of the specific project, to ensure the safety and
stability of the project, and to maximize the overall benefit of the project. Under the condition of limited resources,
through the scientific construction of the supporting structure, we can realize the maximum benefit of the project
construction, and promote the development of modern civil engineering towards a safer, more efficient, and
environmental protection direction.
3. Application of deep foundation pit construction technology in civil engineering
construction
3.1. Construction technology of reverse arch wall support
The construction technology of reverse arch wall supports is constructed through various structural forms such
as round or oval, which have high stability and can effectively resist the soil lateral pressure in the process of
foundation pit excavation [10–15]. During the construction, the principle of layered construction from top to bottom
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must be followed, and the supporting structure of each layer needs to be accurately constructed to ensure the
stability of the overall structure. However, in the construction process, if the arch cannot be successfully formed,
the construction team should check the site situation in time, adjust the support scheme, and use the composite
support system to provide additional support, to ensure the construction safety. Designers need to pay special
attention to the water level change when determining the vector span ratio of the axis of the arch wall. If the water
level in the foundation pit is too high, it may cause adverse effects on the bottom structure of the foundation
pit, and even endanger the safety of the whole project in a serious case. Therefore, the construction team should
implement effective water level control measures according to the precipitation situation, timely flow closure,
prevent the occurrence of water accumulation phenomenon, and ensure the smooth construction of the reverse
arch wall support.
3.2. Construction technology of concrete pouring pile
Concrete cast-in-place pile construction plays an important role in civil engineering, especially in deep
foundation pit construction. The construction technology of concrete cast-in-place piles can effectively improve
the underground seepage problem, effectively protect the pit wall of the foundation pit, reduce soil erosion, and
ensure the safety of the construction process. Through the high-strength cement wall of the cast-in-place pile,
the safety risks such as settlement and collapse can be significantly reduced, making the whole foundation pit
structure more stable [16–19]. Compared with other supporting technologies, a significant advantage of concrete pile
construction is rarely hole collapses in the construction process. To ensure smooth construction, the construction
team needs to accurately calculate the pile spacing to avoid the problem of too dense or too thin piles. In the
specific operation process, the construction personnel should focus on the analysis of the difficulties in the project,
especially the slope protection problems, and take corresponding measures to solve them to ensure the stability
of the civil engineering project structure. In the technical implementation, the team must carry out each step in
strict accordance with the professional process, ensure the construction quality of the concrete cast-in-place pile,
and control the quality of the project to prevent any accidents. Through reasonable construction technology, the
concrete cast-in-place pile technology can effectively improve the overall stability of the deep foundation pit
engineering, and ensure the smooth progress of the civil engineering project.
4. Construction of slope protection pile
To ensure the construction quality, the construction personnel should first carry out detailed site verification on the
construction site, and make a feasible construction plan based on the site geological conditions and construction
needs. In this process, the engineer in charge must fully master the construction technology and characteristics
of the slope protection piles, and deeply understand the adaptability and performance of the piles under different
construction environments, to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the supporting structure. Through the
reasonable layout of the slope protection pile, the sliding and collapse of the pit wall can be effectively prevented,
especially in unstable soil environments such as high water levels or soft soil layers. The slope protection pile
plays a vital role in supporting it. The construction team should operate in strict accordance with the established
supporting structure scheme to ensure that every link in the construction process is consistent with the design
requirements, to ensure the smooth progress of the construction.
5. Construction technology of anchor bolt support
The anchor bolt support construction technology is widely used in deep foundation pit engineering and has
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good stability. This technique inserts the anchor rod deeply into the soil layer, which prevents the collapse and
deformation of the foundation pit wall. In the actual construction process, it is necessary to accurately measure
the site, and determine the layout position and quantity of the bolt, to ensure the rationality and safety of the
supporting structure. The installation of the anchor rod not only needs to ensure that it is fixed firmly but also
needs to strictly control its tilt angle and elevation to ensure the balanced distribution of its support force. The
construction team should pay special attention to the accuracy of the drilling operation. If abnormal conditions are
found, such as drilling deviation or soil instability, stop the operation immediately, conduct an on-site inspection,
and adjust the technical scheme according to the specific problems [20].
6. Construction technology of soil nail wall
Soil nail wall construction technology is an important application method in deep foundation pit support, which is
widely used in various soil environments. In the construction process, the design drawings of the project need to
be carefully verified to ensure the reasonable layout of the drainage system to avoid water accumulation affecting
the stability of the foundation pit soil. The design of a drainage system usually adopts a network format structure,
which can effectively reduce soil erosion and enhance the bearing capacity of soil. During the installation of the
large-diameter soil nail hole, the depth and position of the drilling hole must be strictly controlled to ensure that
the soil nail hole is not affected by the surrounding environment and avoid the drilling deviation. Simultaneously,
the construction team should ensure the quality of the soil nail material, especially the strength of the steel bar,
to avoid rust or inferior materials, and affect the long-term stability of the soil nail wall. When welding the soil
nail wall support, the construction personnel need to pay attention to the moderate mix ratio of the mortar, to
ensure that it has enough bonding strength, and at the same time to pay attention to the combination strength
of reinforcement and concrete. During the grouting operation, the grouting pressure and slurry fluidity must be
accurately controlled to ensure that the cement slurry can fully penetrate the inside of the soil nail hole and form
a solid support body. After grouting, the team shall check the grouting pipeline in time to remove impurities to
ensure the smooth progress of subsequent operations. During the net operation, the construction team shall ensure
that the wire mesh is welded firmly, select the appropriate drainage pipe material for installation, and conduct a
quality inspection to ensure that the drainage function of the pipe meets the standard.
7. Pile row support technology
Pile row support technology provides the necessary support for the foundation pit through pile row to ensure safety
in the construction process. Pile row can be divided into precast pile, slab pile, and cast-in-place pile, among which
concrete cast-in-place pile becomes the most commonly used choice because of its good bearing capacity and
adaptability. Generally, pile discharge technology is suitable for foundation pits ranging from 7 to 13 meters deep,
and a detailed investigation of groundwater level, soil conditions, and other factors is required before construction.
In some special circumstances, such as the requirements of the site conditions, the design scheme of a double-
layer concrete cast-in-place pile may be adopted, and the construction sequence needs to be strictly controlled to
ensure the coordination and stability between the pile foundations. The key point of pile row support lies in the
layout density of the pile foundation. The drilling and piling operation must be rigorous to ensure that each pile
can effectively withstand the pressure of the surrounding soil and prevent the collapse of the foundation pit. In the
construction process, special attention should be paid to noise control, and reasonable selection of construction
time, to avoid bringing unnecessary trouble to the surrounding residents. By taking noise prevention and control
measures, the environmental protection of pile discharge technology can be effectively improved.
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8. Epilogue
Deep foundation pit construction involves complex soil quality and hydrological conditions. Against this
background, the application of various support technologies, such as reverse arch walls, concrete cast-in-place
piles, and anchor bolt support, has gradually become an important means to ensure construction quality and safety.
With the continuous development of technology, new construction methods are constantly introduced. However,
the progress of technology does not mean that the accumulation of traditional experience can be ignored, especially
the supporting technology in extreme environments, which needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the actual
situation. The development of deep foundation pit construction technology should pay attention to the innovation
of technology, but also strengthen the comprehensive consideration of environment and safety, and promote the
integration of green construction concepts, to provide more efficient solutions for urban construction.
Disclosure statement
The author declares no conflict of interest.
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