Reproductive System

Objectives
At the end of this session learner will be
able to:
• Define Reproduction
• Define Reproductive System
• List the function of male reproductive
system
• Categorize the male reproductive
organs into Essential organs
Accessory organs
• Location and structures involved in
the male reproductive system
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• Describe the structure and function of
testis and accessory organs

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 Reproduction

• Reproduction is the process by

which organism produce
offspring by making germ cells
called gametes.

• After the male (sperm cells)

unites with females gametes
(secondary oocytes) an event
called fertilization.
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 Reproduction

• The male and female

reproductive organs can be
grouped by function.

• The gonads testes in male and

females produce gametes and
secrete sex hormones.

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 Reproductive System
• The male and females
reproductive organs work
together to produce
offspring.

• In addition, the female

reproductive organs contribute
to sustaining the growth of
embryos and fetuses.
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Male Reproductive System

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 Functions of the Male Reproductive System

• The testes produce sperm and the

male sex hormones testosterone.

• The ducts transport, store, and

assist, in maturation of sperm.

• The accessory sex glands secrete most

of the liquid portion of semen.

• The penis contains the urethra, a

passageway for ejaculation of semen
and excretion of urine.
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 Male Reproductive System
• The organs of the male
reproductive system include the
testes, a system of ducts (Including
the epididymis, ductus deferens,
ejaculatory ducts, and urethra)

• Accessory sex glands (Seminal

vesicles, prostate, and
bulbourethral glands) and several
supporting structures including the
scrotum and penis.
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Organs of Male Reproductive System
• Testes
System of ductus
• Epididymis
• Ductus deferens
• Ejaculatory ducts
Accessory sex glands
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate gland
• Bulbourethral glands
Supporting structures
• Penis
• Scrotum

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 Testes
• Paired oval glands
• Lies in scrotum
• 5cm long
• Weight 10-15g
• Tunica vaginalis partially covers the
testes
• Internal to Tunica vaginalis is
Tunica Albuginea.
• Tunica Albuginea is composed of
dense irregular connective
tissues.
• Tunica Albuginea forms septa.
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• Septa divides the testes in lobules

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 Testes
• Lobules contains semniferous
tubules
• semniferous tubules contains
• Spermatogenic cell Produce
sperm
• Sertoli cells Supports
spermatogenesis
• Space between semniferous
tubules are Leyding cells or
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 interstitial cells
• Leyding cells produces
testosterone hormone

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Testes

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 Scrotum
• It is supporting structure
• Consists of
• Loose skin
• Superficial fascia
• Septum is made of superficial
fascia and muscle tissue called as
dartos muscle
• Cremaster muscle, small band of
skeletal muscle.
• Sperm production requires
temperature about 2-3C below core
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body temperature.

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 Scrotum

• In response to cold weather

cremaster muscle and dartos
muscles contracts.

• Contraction of cremaster
muscle moves the testes
closer to the body.

• Exposure to warmth muscles

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relax.

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 Sperm
• Male germ cell
• Each day 300 million sperm complete the
process of spermatogenesis.
• Normal range of sperm is 100-200 million
• It is about 60um long
• Once ejaculated, most sperm do not
survive more than 48hrs within female
reproductive system
• Major parts are head and tail
• Acrosome contains enzymes
• Protease
• Hyaluronidase

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Sperm

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 Epididymis
• It is comma shaped
• 4cm long
• Lies at posterior border of each
testes.
• It is site of sperm maturation
• It helps propels sperm to ductus
deferens
• It stores sperm
• Any stored sperm if not
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ejaculated that time are
eventually reabsorbed

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 Ductus Deferens
• It is also known as Vas deferens
• It 45cm long
• Mucosa of Ductus deferens consists
of
• Pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
• Lamina propria
• Ductus deferens conveys sperm
during sexual arousal from
epididymis towards the urethra
• Any stored sperm if not
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ejaculated that time are
eventually reabsorbed

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 Ejaculatory Ducts
• 2 cm long
• It is formed by the union of duct
from seminal vesicles and
ampula of ducts deferens ends
to urethra
• Urethra
• It is terminal duct of
reproductive and urinary
system
• It serve passageway for
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semen and urine

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 Accessory Sex glands
• The ducts of the male
reproductive system store and
transport sperm cells, but the
accessory sex glands secrete
most of the liquid portion of
semen.
• The accessary sex glands
include the seminal vesicles, the
prostate and the bulbourethral
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glands.

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 Seminal Vesicles
• Pouch like structures
• 5cm long
• Secrete alkaline fluid
contains fructose,
prostaglandins, clotting
proteins
• Alkaline nature helps to
neutralize the acidic
environment
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 Prostate gland
• Single gland
• It secretes milky, slightly acidic fluid, pH
6.5
• It contains
• Citric acid
• Pepsinogen
• Lysozyme
• Amylase
• Seminalplasmin is prostatic fluid
• Antibiotic
• Destroy bacteria
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 Bulbourethral glands
• Cowper’s gland
• Paired urethral glands
• Size of pea
• Located inferior to prostate gland
• Secretes mucous

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Bulbourethral Glands

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 Semen
• It is mixture of sperm, seminal
fluid, prostatic fluid,
bulbourethral glands
secretions.

• 2.5.-5 mL each ejaculation

• PH 7.2-7.7
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 Penis
• It contains urethra

• Passageway of sperm and urine

• It is cylindrical shape

• It consists of body, glans penis,

root
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 Reference

• Tortora J.G, Derkison, B. principle of

Anatomy and physiology (11th Ed) USA
john Willey & Sons, inc

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Thank You

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