ADDITION 1
The important thing about adding up numbers in
columns is to make sure that all the digits are in the
correct columns.
Keep it neat.
1. 2.
3 4. 6 7.
+ 6 2. + 7 6.
3. 4.
9 4. 3 4.
+ 3 5. 6 2.
+ 5 4.
5.
3 2 2.
2 0 8. ADDITION 2
So + 4 9. adding up is easy but it is also easy
to go wrong if you don’t set out your sum
properly
If you have to add up
4 6 . 6 5 and 1 7 6 . 2 and you set it out like I have
below you have NO chance of getting the right answer
4 6. 6 5
1 7 6 .2+
Look at all the errors above- the digits are all different sizes,
the spaces between them are different sizes, the digits are
not lined up underneath each other and most crucially the
decimal points are not in line. Without the decimal points
lined up none of the digits are in the correct columns so you
will get the wrong answer.
This is how it should look (remember it doesn’t matter which
number goes on top)
4 6.6 5
+ 1 7 6.2 0 put a zero here if you
wish
2 2 2.8 5
What about if there is no decimal point?
All numbers have a decimal point although sometimes you
can’t see it. If you can’t see the decimal point then it is at
the end on the right hand side and you should put it in.
Why is the decimal point so important? – Well it helps you
put all the numbers into the correct columns when you need
to add them up!
Here is an example of how I set out my numbers to add
them up-
Example
Add 3543 and 285
Firstly I notice that these numbers
need their decimal points in so I put the
point at the end of each number.
3543. and 285.
If I now put the decimal points in a line on top of each other
then all the digits will be in the correct columns
Add up these numbers remembering to put in the decimal
point if it is missing before you set them out.
1. 423 + 94
3 5 4 3.
2 8 5.
2. 95 + 19.3 + 12
3. 1426 + 324 + 22
4. 100.71 + 405 + 12.09
Try to do the next three questions without gridlines but set
them out the same way
5. 5 4 9 + 4 8 .2
6. 3 2 9.6 + 5 5.3 1
7. 2 2 9 5 + 4 6 8.7 +3 2 9.7 7
SUBTRACTION 3
As with addition it is very important how you set out your
calculation. keep the digits nicely spaced out, in a straight
line and remember that you must have your decimal points
in a straight line.
Here are a few examples to remind you.
Example 1 5 3 6 - 2 5 4 .7
The first thing I notice here is that the decimal point has
been left off the 5 3 6 so I remember that it goes at the end
of the number.
4 5
5 13 6 . 10 You must put this zero in for
subtractions
2 5 4 . 7-
2 8 1.3
Example 2 2 0,0 0 0 – 1 7,5 8 1
1 9 9 9 10
2 0 0 0 0.
7 8. 1 7 5 8 1. - 9 4.
- 5 4. 2 4 1 9. - 5 5.
Try these ones
9 0. 5 4 5.
- 6 2. 1. 2.- 2 5 7.
8 4 2. 6 2. 4
- 3 9 8. 3. 4.- 1 7. 6
5. 6.
Set the next two out yourself
7. 8.
8 3 2 -6 2 4.5 5 5 0 0 0.0 1–6 4 7
Multiplication 4
Multiplying using a grid
You can multiply two numbers by either using the Grid
Method or using Long Multiplication.
As with Adding and subtracting it is very important how the
calculation is set out. It must be neat and straight.
Here’s an example of using the Grid Method
Say you wanted to work out 73 x 8
a) Draw a table 2 squares by 1 square.
b) Draw in the diagonals
c) Do 7 x 8 = 56
d) Do 8 x 3 = 24
e) Add the diagonals
7 3
5 2
5 6
4 8
8 4
73 x 8 = 584
It is very easy and very quick!
Another example
Work out 56 x 38
a) Draw a table 2 squares by 2 square.
b) Draw in the diagonals
c) Add the diagonals
5 6
1 1 3
1
2 5 8
4 4 8
1
1 0 8
2 8
So 56 x 38 = 2128
You can even try 3 digit by 2 digits with this method
For example 266 x 24
2 6 6
0 1 1 2
4 2 2
01 2 2 4
6 8 4 4
3 8 4
Add up the diagonals and you get 6384
The same question can be done by Long Multiplication like
this
2 6 6
2 4x
1 0 6 4
5 3 2 0
63 84
Try these
45 x 6
73 x 8
29 x 4
16 x 8
77 x 7
91 x 8
46 x 72
75 x 23
683 x 38
Do these next ones by drawing out your own grids.
Please use a ruler
62 x 9
73 x 7
45 x 91
58 x 18
307 x 64
Quick multiplications 5
You can do some multiplication very quickly in your head
even if at first glance they look tricky.
Look at these examples to see how easy it is
What is 40 x 70?
Change 40 into 4 x 10 and 70 into 7 x 10
So 40 x 70 is the same as 4 x 10 x 7 x 10
Change the position of the numbers and you get
4 x 7 x 10 x 10
Which is the same as
28 x 100
Which is 2800
By the way, most people just say 4 x 7 is 28 and add on two
zero’s
Here are a few more examples before you start
20 x 30 = 600 (do 2 x 3 and put on two zeros)
50 x 300 = 15000 (do 5 x 3 and put on three zeros)
78 x 1000 = 78000 ( do 78 x 1 and put on three zeros)
40 x 20 x 30 = 24000 ( do 4 x 2 x 3 and put on three zeros)
Do these the quick way
1. 20 x 40 =
2. 60 x 50 =
3. 200 x 6000 =
4. 40 x 400 =
5. 120 x 60000 =
6. 20 x 20 x 20 =
7. 5000 x 6000 =
8. 10 x 100 x 1000 =
9. 80000000000 x 800 =
10. 700 x 200 x 30 =
MULTIPLICATION 6
You can multiply by 10 or 100 or 1000 really easily by hardly
doing any work. Look at these examples-
45 x 10 = 450
667 x 100 = 66700
6.8 x 10 = 68
0.713 x 10000 = 7130
Some people like to set them out like this-
For 45 x 10 they do
4 5 x 10
= 4 5 0 numbers have moved
along one space
for 0.713 x 10000 they do
0 7 1 3 x 10000
= 7 1 3 0 0 0 0 numbers have
moved
along 4 spaces
You can use the boxes below to put your numbers in (in
pencil so it rubs out) and then move them the correct
number of places
x ….…
Try these
a) 4.7 x 10 =
b) 8.6 x 100 =
c) 23 x 10 =
d) 0.82 x 10 =
e) 1.66 x 1000 =
f) 0.05 x 100 =
g) 345 x 100 =
h) 0.64 x 1000 =
i) 0.12 x 10000 =
j) 34.6 x 100 =
Division 7
Obviously you need to know your times tables well to be able to do
division.
Look at these examples and set out your answers the same way
Example 1 6295 ÷ 5
1 2 5 9
5 ) 6 12 29 45
Example 2 93174 ÷ 6
1 5 5 2 9
6) 9 33 31 17 54
Example 3 47281 ÷ 8
5 9 1 0.1 2 5
8 ) 4 7 72 8 1 . 10 20 40
4
I had to put three zeros on this one because there was a remainder
Here are ten questions for you to try
1. 2)4 7 6
2. 2)6 3 8
3. 2)7 4 5
4. 3)1 9 4 9 4
5. 4)2 5 1 6
6. 4)2 6 6
7. 5)8 9 4 2 0
8. 5)6 8 9
9. 6)1 0 4 4
10. 8)3 6 2
Division 8
Dividing by 10 or 100 or 1000 is just as easy as the quick
multiplying we practised but the numbers move in the other
direction. Remember it’s the numbers that move not the
decimal point!
Look at this example-
8.5 ÷ 100
8 5 ÷ 100
Numbers move 2 places right
= 0 0 8 5
You can use the boxes below to put your numbers in (in
pencil so it rubs out) and then move them the correct
number of places
÷……….
=
-try these
a) 4.7 ÷ 10 =
b) 86 ÷ 100 =
c) 2.3 ÷ 10 =
d) 0.82 ÷ 10 =
e) 1660 ÷ 1000 =
f) 5 ÷ 100 =
g) 3450 ÷ 100 =
h) 0.64 ÷ 100 =
i) 1200 ÷ 10000 =
j) 34.6 ÷ 100 =
ORDER OF OPERATION 9
It matters whether you add, times, subtract or divide first.
Look at these examples to get the idea
Example 1
When you get a question like 4 + 5 x 2
There could be two answers
You might get 18 if you did 4 + 5 = 9 and 9 x 2 = 18
or the answer could be 14 if you did 5 x 2 = 10 add 4 = 14
Which one is right 18 or 14 ?
14 is right because you should always do multiply
before adding or subtracting
Example 2
When you get a question like 6 + 9 ÷ 3 again there could be
two answers.
You get 5 if you add 6 and 9 and then divide by 3
You get 9 if you divide 9 by 3 first then add 6
Which one is right 5 or 9 ?
9 is right because you should always divide before
adding or subtracting
Example 3
When you get a question like 5 + 4 x ( 3 + 1 ) What do you
do first?
First you work out the brackets, then you multiply by 4 and
then lastly add 5.
So the answer is 21
You should always do the brackets before anything
else
Try these ones remembering the rules from above
1. 3 x 4 + 1=
2. 3 + 1 x4 =
3. (4 + 5)–7=
4. ( 24 – 7 ) x 2 =
5. 6x( 4 – 3 ) =
6. 14 ÷ 2 + 34 =
7. (10 + 4) ÷ 7 =
8. 36 + 12 ÷ 6 =
9. 100 ÷ ( 30 – 5 ) =
10. 5x ( 15 + 5 ) x 54 ÷ (6 + 3) =
PROBLEMS 10
1. What is the sum of 54, 108 and 92?
2. What is the difference between 75 and 142?
3. What is the product of 11 and 56?
4. Share 994 by 7
5. What is the total of £52, £71 and £99?
6. If I buy 5 DVD’s at £14.99 each how much do I pay?
7. I buy a hat for £6.99 with a £20 note how much change will I
receive?
8. Six people share a National Lottery prize of £14340 equally
between them. How much does each get?
9. I buy three cakes at 45p each and five sandwiches at 85p
each. How much does this cost in total?
10.I have £9.50 and I buy a book for £4.99 and a pizza for £3.49.
How much change will I get?
PROBLEMS 11
1. I eat 21 sweets, my sister eats 14 and my brother eats 17.
How many sweets do we eat altogether?
2. I eat 14 apples a week, my sister eats twice as many as me
and my brother eats half as many as me. How many apples
do we eat in
a) a week?
b) four weeks?
3. I have £20.00 and I spend £14.53 on a book. How much
Change do I have?
4. Thomas has £8.50 and he spends £2.30 on a present and
£1.40 on a birthday card. How much money does Thomas
have left?
5. I need to buy 12 folders and they cost £2.99 each. How
Is this going to cost?
6. Seven friends share out the prize money from winning a
raffle. If they each got £24.50 how much was the total prize
money?
7. Three children are given £16. 41 to share between equally
them. How much does each child get?
8. William buys 4 cakes for 55p each and 3 drinks at 50p each.
How much does it all cost?
9. If William has £5 how much change will he receive when he
buys the cakes and drinks?
1. My car will go 9 miles on each litre of petrol. Petrol costs 106p
per litre. How much will it cost me to go on a journey of 252
miles?
2. Three friends share out their sweets in an unusual way.
Antoine has twice as much as Campbell and Xavier has twice
as many as Antoine.
a) Who has the most sweets?
b) Who has the least sweets?
c) When they started there were 42 sweets. How many sweets
did each boy get?
3. This is clever!
a) Work out 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10 in your head and
write it below
b) Do it again but this time add the first number to the last
number first. Write that answer to one side. Add the
second number to the second last number. Write it to one
side. Add the third number to the third last number. And
so on.
c) What do you notice about all the totals?
d) Add up all your answers and what do you get?
e) Try the same method to add up all the numbers from 1 to
49.
f) Using this method add all the numbers up from 1 to 1000
g) Bit hard this one! Add all the numbers between 43 and
100 using the same method.
43+44+45+46+………………97+98+99+100
