Chapter II

Data Presentation

Same-sex Marriage

Gay marriage, also called same-sex marriage, refers to the lawful

union between two people of the same gender. This subject has

attracted considerable concern and dispute in recent times since

communities worldwide struggle with matters of fairness and human

rights. With goal of this piece of academic text is to present a

comprehensive outline of same-sex marriage, covering its meaning,

historical background, legality, and impact on society (Boswell, 1995).

Same-sex marriage is the union between two people of the same

gender, recognized and accepted by legal and social institutions. This

form of marriage has been observed in various historical periods and

societies, including ancient Egypt and Rome. Nonetheless, the level of

recognition and acceptance of same-sex marriage has differed across

different cultures and eras (Boswell, 1995).

The recognition of same-sex marriage differs across countries in

terms of its legal status. By 2021, approximately 30 countries,

including Canada, the United States, Germany, and South Africa, have

legalized same-sex marriage. While some countries recognize it

nationwide, others may restrict it to specific regions or impose certain

conditions for its recognition.

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 Additionally, alternative legal arrangements like civil partnerships

or domestic partnerships are available in some countries, offering

similar legal benefits and rights to same-sex couples.

The societal impact of recognizing same-sex marriage is

considerable. Supporters contend that allowing same-sex couples to

marry promotes fairness by granting them the same legal privileges

and advantages as opposite-sex couples. These privileges may

encompass inheritance, healthcare choices, and tax benefits, among

others. Additionally, advocates argue that legally acknowledging same-

sex marriage improves the overall happiness and psychological well-

being of LGBTQ+ individuals, demonstrating acceptance of their

relationships and diminishing societal prejudice (Brownson, 2013).

On the other hand, individuals who are against same-sex

marriage commonly utilize religious, cultural, or traditional convictions

as justifications for their disagreement. They contended that the

institution of marriage ought to solely involve a man and a woman,

grounded in religious doctrines or societal standards. Certain

opponents also voice apprehensions about how same-sex marriage

could potentially affect children, proposing that children raised by

same-sex couples may confront disadvantages or uncertainty about

their own identities (Brownson, 2013).

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Effects of Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in the Philippines

In the Philippines, same-sex marriage is not recognized as the

Family Code of the country defines marriage strictly as a bond between

a man and a woman. Moreover, there are continuous endeavors to

introduce a law that would legalize same-sex marriage. One such

measure, the proposed SOGIE Equality Bill, aims to grant the LGBTQ+

community equal rights and safeguards, including the

acknowledgment of same-sex marriage (Philippine Commission on

Human Rights, 2019).

There is an increasing global movement towards the legalization

of same-sex marriage. Over 30 countries, including neighboring

nations like Taiwan and New Zealand, have embraced this change. This

signifies a broader change in public perspectives towards LGBTQ+

rights and acceptance (Philippine Commission on Human Rights,

2019).

Legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines would bring out

notable societal consequences, granting LGBTQ+ individuals the same

legal entitlements and safeguards as heterosexual couples. These

encompass healthcare accessibility, inheritance privileges, and the

power to make decisions on behalf of their significant others.

Additionally, recognizing same-sex marriage under the law would play

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a crucial role in diminishing the stigma surrounding LGBTQ+

relationships, promoting a society that is more embracing and

inclusive.

The legalization of same-sex marriage can also yield economic

benefits, as it would open up new opportunities for businesses in

wedding planners, photographers, and venues. Furthermore, same-sex

couples would boost the economy by spending more on marriage and

family-related goods and services, potentially resulting in job creation

and economic expansion (Badgett, 2010).

The political consequences of legalizing same-sex marriage in

the Philippines would be significant. It would serve as a testament to

the government’s dedication to upholding human rights and promoting

equality. Not only could this bolster the country’s global standing, but it

could also foster stronger diplomatic relationships with nations that

have already embraced same-sex marriage. However, this move may

encounter resistance from conservative factions and religious

establishments, thereby instigating political deliberations and tests

(Pew Research, 2020).

Benefits of Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage in the Philippines

Making same-sex marriage legal in the Philippines would be a

major step towards achieving social equality and protecting human

rights. Allowing same-sex couples to marry means they would receive

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the same legal status, advantages, and safeguards that opposite-sex

couples receive. This move would foster inclusivity, diminish prejudice,

and guarantee that all individuals are treated fairly by the justice

system (Human Rights Watch, 2020).

Numerous studies consistently prove that the psychological well-

being and mental health of LGBTQ+ individuals are greatly improved

by the legal recognition of same-sex relationships. Evidence suggests

that legalizing same-sex marriage results in decreased levels of

depression, anxiety, and substance abuse within same-sex couples.

Therefore, if the Philippines were to legalize same-sex marriage, it

would make a significant contribution to enhancing the overall well-

being of its LGBTQ+ population.

The legalization of same-sex marriage in the Philippines can

bring about substantial economic advantages. Marriage equality would

boost the wedding sector, resulting in higher income from services like

venues, catering, and tourism. Furthermore, granting same-sex

couples would contribute to economic stability and growth. (Pew

Research Center, 2020)

Allowing same-sex marriage in the Philippines has the potential

to improve the country’s global standing as a forward-thinking and

inclusive nation. This may attract LGBTQ+ travelers who typically seek

out destinations that acknowledge and uphold their rights. By

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embracing marriage equality, the Philippines can tap into expanding its

economy and facilitating cultural interchange (United Nations

Development Programme, 2014).

Enabling the marriage of same-sex couples enhances the overall

strength of families and communities. Granting legal acknowledgment

to same-sex partnerships ensure stability and protection for couples,

as well as their children, if applicable. This fosters a feeling of

acceptance and unity, leading to stronger familial connections and

more robust relationships. Marriage equality encourages social unity

and solidarity within communities, nurturing a society that is more

accepting and inclusive (International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,

Transgender and Intersex Association, 2021).

Importance of Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage in the Philippines

The issue of same-sex marriage continues to spark debate in

numerous countries, including the Philippines. Although some

individuals maintain the belief that marriage should solely involve a

man and a woman, there is an increasing acknowledgment of the

necessity to legalize same-sex marriage (Human Rights Watch, 2020).

The legalization of same-sex marriage plays a vital role in

defending equality and human rights. When same-sex couples are

denied marriage rights, it promotes discrimination and deprives them

of legal protections and benefits that heterosexual couples enjoy. The

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights underscores that everyone,

regardless of their sexual orientation, should receive equal rights and

legal safeguards. By legalizing same-sex marriage, the Philippines can

display its dedication to upholding these core human rights (Human

Rights Watch, 2020).

The promotion of social acceptance and inclusion is fostered by

the legalization of same-sex relationships are equally deserving of

recognition and validation. By recognizing and acknowledging these

relationships, society can work towards reducing the stigma and

discrimination faced by the LGBTQ+ community, ultimately creating a

more inclusive and tolerant environment. Research has shown that the

legalization of same-sex marriage has a positive influence on societal

attitudes towards LGBTQ+ individuals, resulting in greater acceptance

and support (Badgett, 2010).

The introduction of same-sex weddings can attract tourists who

come from countries where same-sex marriage is not permitted, thus

promoting tourism and benefiting sectors like hospitality, tourism, and

retail. Moreover, the legalization of same-sex marriage can create

more job opportunities in the wedding sector, thereby fostering

economic growth (Badgett, 2010).

Promoting Same-Sex Marriage in the Philippines

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 To comprehend the ongoing discussion about same-sex marriage

in the Philippines, it is important to analyze the historical background.

The Philippines is primarily inhabited by Catholics, and the impact of

religious convictions has strongly impacted societal views towards

same-sex partnerships. It is vital to acknowledge the importance of

separating religion and the state as a fundamental principle in a

democratic society and legal judgments should not be exclusively

influenced by religious teachings (Brownson, 2013).

The push for legalizing same-sex marriage in the Philippines is

based on the ideals of human rights and equality. As a signatory to the

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the country is committed to

upholding the right to marry and create a family without any form of

discrimination (United Nations Development Programme, 2014).

To advocate for the legalization of same-sex marriage in the

Philippines, it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach that covers the

historical, legal, social, and economic dimensions. By highlighting the

importance of human rights, equality, and advantages that accompany

marriage equality, we can cultivate in more inclusive society that

values the rights and respect for every person, irrespective of their

sexual orientation (Badgett, 2010).

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